Hydro ecological problems in Hydro ecological problems in Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan:

conditions and improvement measuresconditions and improvement measures

Makhmudov E.J.- Director of the Water Problems Institute,

Uzbekistan

Central AsiaCentral Asia

#Y

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Bis hk e kAlm a -A ta

Dus h anb eAs hg ab ad

Tas hk en t

A ral Sea

Is s yk -K u l

Kazakh stan

Uzb ekistan

Turkm enistan Tadjik istan

Kyrgyzstan

r. Sy r Dar ya

r. N aryn

r. Za ra fsh an

r. P

yand

j

r . V a

k hsh

r. Amu D a rya

r.Ka r ada rya

IranAfghanistan

Turkm enistan

Paki

stan India

Ch ina

Ob la st b o u nd a rie sSta te b o u nda rie s

La k es , re se rvo irs#Y Sta te ce n ter

Riv er s

Le gend

C entral A s ian S tates in the A ra l S ea Ba sinN

Territory of UzbekistanTerritory of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is an arid dry country that has limited spatial distribution of water resources for its socio-economic development and thus water has status of strategic resourceTotal area of lands available for tillage is 44.4057mln.ha, including only 4.275 mln.ha of irrigated lands. In this respect Uzbekistan needs more effective use of available water resources.

II. . River flowRiver flow

Amudarya – volume of the annual river run-off - 77 km 3 (50% of sufficiency)Run-off changes - 55 to110 км3

Sirdarya – volume of the annual river run-off - 34 km 3 (50% of sufficiency) Run-off changes - 23 to 52 км3

IIII. . Ground water Ground water Prognosis resources of the Aral sea basin - 61,6 км3

In Uzbekistan - 19,0 км3

Exploitation resources of the Aral sea basin 10,3 км3

In Uzbekistan- 5,5 км3

Water intake of the Aral sea basin - 12,3 км3

In Uzbekistan- 5,5 км3

2004

1960

2004Aral Sea crisis

Ecological division of the territory of the Ecological division of the territory of the Republic of UzbekistanRepublic of Uzbekistan

Hydro ecologicalHydro ecological map of Uzbekistanmap of Uzbekistan

Desertification of the territoryDesertification of the territory

Soil Soil SalinizationSalinization

Basin of the river Basin of the river SirdaryaSirdarya

Formation of the lakes caused by Formation of the lakes caused by inefficient water useinefficient water use

Possible scenarioPossible scenario’’s of the ecological crisis in s of the ecological crisis in the middle flow of the middle flow of Sirdarya Sirdarya –– Arnasay Arnasay lakelake

Access to tap water in different Access to tap water in different provinces of Uzbekistanprovinces of Uzbekistan

0102030405060708090

100

Kar

akal

paks

tan

And

ijon

Buk

hara

Jizz

akh

Nam

anga

n

Nav

oi

Sam

arka

nd

Sird

arya

Sur

khan

dary

a

Tash

kent

Kas

hkad

arya

Farg

ona

Hor

azm

Uzb

ekis

tan

urban rural

Soil degradation in UzbekistanSoil degradation in Uzbekistan

Issues for environmental securityIssues for environmental security

Ecological problems due to unsustainable resource management– Large water losses in irrigation system– Salinized irrigation and drainage water– Salinized and degraded soils– Air and water pollution (pesticides, salts)– Biodiversity loss (loss of Tugai forest)– Regional climate change

Problems in lower reaches of rivers :birth rate decreasing and intensification of the migration

processes

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Годы

Численность

населения

(тыс.человек)

Хорезмская область 788 891 1039 1198 1326 1350 1372 1393

Дашогузская область 583 645 738 930 1142 1197 1252 1285

Каракалпакстан 1469 1480 1487 1498 1527 1543 1555 1561

К-ординская область 573 619 580 591 600 601 604 605

ВСЕГО 3414 3636 3844 4217 4595 4691 4783 4844

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003

River water managementRiver water management

Water transportingWater transporting

Bringing the water to usersBringing the water to users

Dimension of the water Dimension of the water dischargesdischarges

ControlControl of waterof water usingusing

Cotton wateringCotton watering

Drop irrigation systems in the orchards Drop irrigation systems in the orchards ofof KizilkumKizilkum desertdesert

Using of the transferable plastic Using of the transferable plastic flumes for the cotton wateringflumes for the cotton watering

Washing of the Washing of the salinizated salinizated soilsoil

Forming the Forming the wetlands in deltawetlands in delta’’s of the s of the Amudarya Amudarya riverriver

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