hydraulic power generators

8/11/2019 Hydraulic Power Generators

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ByKARTHIKEYAN.K

ME-CAD

Seminar with the guidance of Dr. K.RAMANATHAN


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CONTENTS

Hydraulic Power e!erators"

#electio! a!d s$eci%icatio! o% $u&$s"

$u&$ c'aracteristics" (i!ear a!d )otary Actuators"

selectio!, s$eci%icatio! a!d c'aracteristics"


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ELEMENTS OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Hydraulic pumpUnit

ControlValves

Actuators


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Hydraulic pumpsare the heart of hydraulic system,which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.

The mechanical energy is given to the pump via an electricmotor.

The pump is classified into types

!. "ositive displacement orhydro static pump

. #on$positive displacement orhydrodynamicpump

%n Hydrostatic pumpsorpositive displacement pumps, thedisplacement &flow through the pump per rotation of the

pump' cannot (e ad)usted %n Hydrodynamicor non positive displacementpump, the

displacement &flow through the pump per rotation of the

pump' can (e ad)usted.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_displacement_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_displacement_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_displacement_pump


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PRINCIPLE OF PUMP

The principle of pump is that, due to

mechanical action, the pump creates a partial

vacuum at its inlet.

This permits the atmospheric pressure to force

the fluid through the inlet line into the pump.

The pump then pushes the fluid into the

hydraulic system and is delivered through the

outlet.


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HYDRAULIC PUMP TYPES

!. *+A "U-"Sa. +ternal *ear "ump

(. %nternal *ear "ump

c. /o(e "ump

d. Screw "ump

. VA#+ "U-"S

a. Un(alanced vane pumps

(. 0alanced vane pumps

1. "%ST2# "U-"S

a. Aial design

(. adial design


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a. EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP


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The eternal gear pump uses two identical gears rotatingagainst each other.

one gear is driven (y a motor and it in turn drives the othergear.

+ach gear is supported (y a shaft with (earings on (othsides of the gear.

!. As the gears come out of mesh, they create epandingvolume on the inlet side of the pump. /i3uid flows into thecavity and is trapped (y the gear teeth as they rotate.

. /i3uid travels around the interior of the casing in the

poc4ets (etween the teeth and the casing $$ it does not pass(etween the gears.

1. 5inally, the meshing of the gears forces li3uid through theoutlet port under pressure.

WORKING OF EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP


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ADVANTAGES

High speed

High pressure #o overhung (earing loads

elatively 3uiet operation

6esign accommodates wide variety of materials

DISADVANTAGES

5our (ushings in li3uid area

#o solids allowed

5ied +nd Clearances


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APPLICATIONS

Common eternal gear pump applications include,(ut are not limited to7

Various fuel oils and lu(e oils

Chemical additive and polymer metering Chemical miing and (lending &dou(le pump'

%ndustrial and mo(ile hydraulic applications &logsplitters, lifts, etc.'

Acids and caustic &stainless steel or compositeconstruction'

/ow volume transfer or application


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MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION /

CONFIGURATION OPTIONS

Externals (head, casing, bracket)$ %ron, ductileiron, steel, stainless steel, high alloys, composites&""S, +T5+'.

Internals (shafts)$ Steel, stainless steel, high alloys,alumina ceramic.

Internals (gears)$ Steel, stainless steel, "T5+,composite &""S'.

Bushing$ Car(on, (ron8e, silicon car(ide, needle(earings.

Shaft Seal$ "ac4ing, lip seal, component mechanicalseal, magnetically$driven pump.


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! INTERNAL "EAR #UM#


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WORKING OF INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

!. /i3uid enters the suction port (etween the rotor &large

eterior gear' and idler &small interior gear' teeth. Thearrows indicate the direction of the pump and li3uid.

. /i3uid travels through the pump (etween the teeth of the9gear$within$a$gear9 principle. The crescent shape divides

the li3uid and acts as a seal (etween the suction anddischarge ports.

1. The pump head is now nearly flooded, )ust prior toforcing the li3uid out of the discharge port. %ntermeshing

gears of the idler and rotor form loc4ed poc4ets for theli3uid which assures volume control.

:. otor and idler teeth mesh completely to form a seale3uidistant from the discharge and suction ports. This seal

forces the li3uid out of the discharge port.


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ADVANTAGES

*!ly two &o+i!g $arts

*!ly o!e stu%%i!g o .o!-$ulsati!g disc'arge Ecelle!t %or 'ig'-+iscosity li/uids Co!sta!t a!d e+e! disc'arge regardless o% $ressure co!ditio!s *$erates well i! eit'er directio! Ca! e &ade to o$erate wit' o!e directio! o% %low wit' eit'er rotatio! (ow .P#H re/uired #i!gle adustale e!d cleara!ce Easy to &ai!tai! leile desig! o%%ers a$$licatio! custo&iatio!

DISADVANTAGES

3sually re/uires &oderate s$eeds Mediu& $ressure li&itatio!s *!e eari!g ru!s i! t'e $roduct $u&$ed

*+er'u!g load o! s'a%t eari!g


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APPLICATIONS

Co&&o! i!ter!al gear $u&$ a$$licatio!s i!clude, utare !ot li&ited to

All +arieties o% %uel oil a!d lue oil )esi!s a!d Poly&ers

Alco'ols a!d sol+e!ts As$'alt, Bitu&e!, a!d 5ar Polyuret'a!e %oa& 67socya!ate a!d $olyol ood $roducts suc' as cor! syru$, c'ocolate, a!d

$ea!ut utter

Pai!t, i!9s, a!d $ig&e!ts #oa$s a!d sur%acta!ts lycol


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CONFIGURATION OPTIONS Externals (head, casing, bracket)- Cast iro!, ductile

iro!, steel, stai!less steel, Alloy 20, a!d 'ig'er alloys"

Internals (rotor, idler)- Cast iro!, ductile iro!, steel,stai!less steel, Alloy 20, a!d 'ig'er alloys"

Bushing- Caro! gra$'ite, ro!e, silico! caride,tu!gste! caride, cera&ic, colo&o!y, a!d ot'er s$ecials&aterials as !eeded"

Shaft Seal- (i$ seals, co&$o!e!t &ec'a!ical seals,

i!dustry-sta!dard cartridge &ec'a!ical seals, gas arrierseals, &ag!etically-dri+e! $u&$s"

Packing- 7&$reg!ated $ac9i!g, i% seal !ot re/uired"


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GEROTOR PUMPS

erotor $u&$s are i!ter!al gear $u&$swit'outt'e cresce!t"

5'e rotor is t'e i!ter!al 6dri+e gear s'ow!

elow i! gray, a!d t'e idler is t'e eter!al6dri+e! gear, s'ow! elow i! ora!ge"

5'ey are $ri&arily suitale %or clea!, low$ressure a$$licatio!s suc' as luricatio!

syste&s or 'ot oil %iltratio! syste&s, ut ca! alsoe %ou!d i! low to &oderate $ressure 'ydraulica$$licatio!s"
http://www.pumpschool.com/principles/internal.htmhttp://www.pumpschool.com/principles/internal.htm


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WORKING OF GEROTOR PUMP

1" (i/uid e!ters t'e suctio! $ort etwee! t'erotor 6gray gear a!d idler 6ora!ge gear teet'"

2" (i/uid tra+els t'roug' t'e $u&$ etwee! t'e

teet' o% t'e :gear-wit'i!-a-gear: $ri!ci$le" 5'eclose tolera!ce etwee! t'e gears acts as a sealetwee! t'e suctio! a!d disc'arge $orts"

;" )otor a!d idler teet' &es' co&$letely to %or&

a seal e/uidista!t %ro& t'e disc'arge a!dsuctio! $orts" 5'is seal %orces t'e li/uid out o%t'e disc'arge $ort"


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ADVANTAGES

High Speed

2nly two moving parts 2nly one stuffing (o

Constant and even discharge regardless of pressure conditions

2perates well in either direction

;uiet operation

Can (e made to operate with one direction of flow with eitherrotation

DISADVANTAGES

-edium pressure limitations

5ied clearances #o solids allowed

2ne (earing runs in the product pumped

2verhung load on shaft (earing


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APPLICATIONS

Co&&o! gerotor $u&$ a$$licatio!s

i!clude, ut are !ot li&ited to

(ig't %uel oils

(ue oil

Coo9i!g oils

Hydraulic %luid



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Externals (head, casing)- Cast iro!

Internals (rotor, idler)- #teel

Bushing- Caro! gra$'ite, ro!e, a!dot'er &aterials as !eeded

Shaft Seal- (i$ seals, co&$o!e!t

&ec'a!ical seals Packing- .ot co&&o!ly used %or gerotor

$u&$s


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c.LO$E #UM#


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WORKING OF LOBE PUMP

/o(e pumps are similar to eternal gear pumps in operation inthat fluid flows around the interior of the casing.

!. As the lo(es come out of mesh, they create epandingvolume on the inlet side of the pump. /i3uid flows into the

cavity and is trapped (y the lo(es as they rotate. . /i3uid travels around the interior of the casing in the

poc4ets (etween the lo(es and the casing $$ it does not pass(etween the lo(es.

1. 5inally, the meshing of the lo(es forces li3uid through theoutlet port under pressure.

/o(e pumps are fre3uently used in food applications (ecausethey handle solids without damaging the product.


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ADVANTAGES

Pass &ediu& solids

.o &etal-to-&etal co!tact

#u$erior C7P


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APPLICATIONS

Co&&o! rotary loe $u&$ a$$licatio!s i!clude,ut are !ot li&ited to

Poly&ers

Pa$er coati!gs #oa$s a!d sur%acta!ts

Pai!ts a!d dyes

)uer a!d ad'esi+es

P'ar&aceuticals

ood a$$licatio!s



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Externals (head, casing)$ Typically 1!< or 1!


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d. SCRE% #UM#


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#crew $u&$s6%ied dis$lace&e!t are a douleArc'i&edess$iral, ut closed"

5'is &ea!s t'at two screws are used i! o!e ody"

5'e $u&$s are used %or 'ig' %lows a!d relati+ely low

$ressure 6&a 100 ar" 5'ey were used o! oard s'i$s w'ere t'e co!sta!t

$ressure 'ydraulic syste& was goi!g t'roug' t'e w'oles'i$, es$ecially %or t'e co!trol o% all +al+es, ut also %ort'e steeri!g gear a!d 'el$ dri+e syste&s"

5'e ad+a!tage o% t'e screw $u&$s is t'e low sou!dle+el o% t'ese $u&$s= t'e e%%icie!cy is !ot t'at 'ig'"
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Screw_pump&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Screw_pump&action=edit&redlink=1


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2" VANE PUMPS

7! a +a!e-ty$e $u&$, a slotted rotor s$li!ed to a dri+es'a%t rotates etwee! closely %itted side $lates t'at arei!side o% a! elli$tical- or circular-s'a$ed ri!g"

Polis'ed, 'arde!ed +a!es slide i! a!d out o% t'e rotor

slots a!d %ollow t'e ri!g co!tour y ce!tri%ugal %orce" Pu&$i!g c'a&ers are %or&ed etwee! succeedi!g

+a!es, carryi!g oil %ro& t'e i!let to t'e outlet"

A $artial +acuu& is created at t'e i!let as t'e s$aceetwee! +a!es i!creases"

5'e oil is s/ueeed out at t'e outlet as t'e $u&$i!gc'a&er>s sie decreases"


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ADVANTAGES

Ha!dles t'i! li/uids at relati+ely 'ig'er $ressures

Co&$e!sates %or wear t'roug' +a!e ete!sio! #o&eti&es $re%erred %or sol+e!ts, (P

Ca! ru! dry %or s'ort $eriods

Ca! 'a+e o!e seal or stu%%i!g o

De+elo$s good +acuu&DISADVANTAGES

Ca! 'a+e two stu%%i!g oes

Co&$le 'ousi!g a!d &a!y $arts

.ot suitale %or 'ig' $ressures .ot suitale %or 'ig' +iscosity

.ot good wit' arasi+es


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APPLICATIONS

Aerosol a!d Pro$ella!ts A+iatio! #er+ice - uel 5ra!s%er, Deici!g Auto 7!dustry - uels, (ues, )e%rigeratio!

Coola!ts

Bul9 5ra!s%er o% (P a!d .H; (P Cyli!der illi!g Alco'ols

)e%rigeratio! - reo!s, A&&o!ia #ol+e!ts A/ueous solutio!s



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Externals (head, casing)- Cast iro!, ductile

iro!, steel, a!d stai!less steel"

Vane, Pushrods- Caro! gra$'ite, PEE?"

End Plates- Caro! gra$'ite Shaft Seal- Co&$o!e!t &ec'a!ical seals,

i!dustry-sta!dard cartridge &ec'a!ical seals,

a!d &ag!etically-dri+e! $u&$s" Packing- A+ailale %ro& so&e +e!dors, ut !ot

usually reco&&e!ded %or t'i! li/uid ser+ice


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a. UNBALANCED VANE PUMPS

7! t'e u!ala!ced desig!, a ca& ri!g>s s'a$e is a truecircle t'at is o! a di%%ere!t ce!terli!e %ro& a rotor>s"

Pu&$ dis$lace&e!t de$e!ds o! 'ow %ar a rotor a!d ri!gare ecce!tric"

5'e ad+a!tage o% a true-circle ri!g is t'at co!trol ca! ea$$lied to +ary t'e ecce!tricity a!d t'us +ary t'edis$lace&e!t"

A disad+a!tage is t'at a! u!ala!ced $ressure at t'eoutlet is e%%ecti+e agai!st a s&all area o% t'e rotor>s edge,i&$osi!g side loads o! t'e s'a%t"

5'us t'ere is a li&it o! a $u&$>s sie u!less +ery large'eari!gs a!d 'ea+y su$$orts are used"


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b. BALANCED VANE PUMPS

7! t'e ala!ced desig! 6igure ;-10, a $u&$ 'as astatio!ary, elli$tical ca& ri!g a!d two sets o% i!ter!al$orts"

A $u&$i!g c'a&er is %or&ed etwee! a!y two +a!es

twice i! eac' re+olutio!" 5'e two i!lets a!d outlets are 180 degrees a$art"

Bac9 $ressures agai!st t'e edges o% a rotor ca!cel eac'ot'er"

)ece!t desig! i&$ro+e&e!ts t'at allow 'ig' o$erati!gs$eeds a!d $ressures 'a+e &ade t'is $u&$ t'e &ostu!i+ersal i! t'e &oile-e/ui$&e!t %ield"


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; PISTON PUMP


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;"PISTON PUMP

The piston pump wor4s on the principle that a reciprocating

piston can draw in fluid when it retracts into the cylinder(ore and discharge it when it etends.

There are (asic types

1" A@7A( P7#5*. P3MP#a. 0ent ais type

(. Swash plate type

c. Aial piston pump with rotating (arrel

d. Aial piston pump with varia(le displacement

. A6%A/ "%ST2# "U-"S

BENT AXIS TYPE


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BENT AXIS TYPE


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%n this pump, the pistons are at an angle to the drive shaft andThrust "late.

The piston (loc4 shaft is connected to the drive shaft (y a universal)oint, not shown.

The drive shaft, thrust plate, piston (loc4 shaft, and piston (loc4 allrevolve.

The connecting rods are attached to the thrust plate and revolve

with it, unli4e the swash plate pump where the piston rods slidepast a stationary swash plate.

The outlet ports are semi$circular holes in the Valve "late, shownon the far right of the animation on edge and in a head$on view

(elow, right.

As the pump revolves, half the pistons suc4 in fluid as they passover the inta4e port.

The other pistons discharge their fluid through the outlet port.

SWASH PLATE TYPE


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SWASH PLATE TYPE The axial piston pump ith rotating sashplate!

In hydraulic systems ith a orking pressure abo"e aprox! #$% bar the

most used pump type is the piston pump!

The pistons mo"e parallel to the axis of the dri"e shaft!

The sash plate is dri"en by the shaft and the angle of the sash plate

determines the stroke of the piston!

The "al"es are necessary to direct the flo in the right direction!

This type of pump can be dri"en in both directions


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Aial $isto! $u&$susi!g t'e swas'$late

$ri!ci$le 6%ied a!d adustale dis$lace&e!t is

al&ost t'e sa&e as t'e e!t ais &odel"

5'ey 'a+e t'e ad+a!tage o% ei!g &oreco&$act i! desig!"

5'e $u&$s are easier a!d &ore eco!o&ical to

&a!u%acture= t'e disad+a!tage is t'at t'ey are

&ore se!siti+e to oil co!ta&i!atio!"

AXIAL PISTON PUMP WITH ROTATING BARREL
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_piston_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swashplatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swashplatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_piston_pump


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AXIAL PISTON PUMP WITH ROTATING BARREL

This aial piston pump consists of a non rotating swash plate &green' and a rotating

(arrel &light (lue'.

The advantage of this construction is that the pump can operate without valves

(ecause the rotating (arrel has a determined suc4 and pressure 8one.

The animation shows the (ehaviour of only one piston= normally this pump has >, ?,

@ or !! pistons.

The rotating (arrel shifts at the right side over a so called port plate &yellow' .

This port plate is mounted and loc4ed in the housing. View A$A shows the port

plate.

hen the angle of the swash plate is ad)usta(le, the pump has a varia(le

displacement and in that case the pump is often provided with a pressure or flow

control or a com(ination of (oth

AXIAL PISTON PUMP WITH VARIABLE


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AXIAL PISTON PUMP WITH VARIABLE

DISPLACEMENT

The animation shows how the displacement of an aial piston pump can (ead)usted.

%n this eample we use an aial piston pump with a rotating cilinder (arrel anda staticB swash plate.

The cylinder (arrel is driven (y the drive shaft which is guided through a holein the swash plate.

The position &angle' of the swash plate determines the stro4e of the pistons andtherefore the amount of displacement &cm1omw' of the pump.

0y ad)usting the position of the swash plate the amount of displacement can (echanged.

The more the swash plate turns to the vertical position, the more the amount ofdisplacement decreases.

%n the vertical position the displacement is 8ero.

%n that case the pump may (e driven (ut will notdeliver any oil.

#ormally the swash plate is ad)usted (y a

hydraulic cylinder (uilt inside the pump housing.


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&! RADIAL #ISTON #UM#S

%n a radial piston pump the pistons are arranged li4e wheel spo4esin a short cylindrical (loc4.

A drive shaft, which is inside a circular housing, rotates a cylinder(loc4.

The (loc4 turns on a stationary pintle that contains the inlet andoutlet ports.

As a cylinder (loc4 turns, centrifugal force slings the pistons,which follow a circular housing.

A housingBs centerline is offset from a cylinder (loc4Bs centerline.

The amount of eccentricity (etween the two determines a pistonstro4e and, therefore, a pumpBs displacement. Controls can (e applied to change a housingBs location and

there(y vary a pumpBs delivery from 8ero to maimum.


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A pintle is a round (ar that serves as a stationary shaft around which a cylinder

(loc4 turns.

A pintle shaft &5igure 1$!


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PUMP SELECTION


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PUMP SELECTION "umps are selected (y ta4ing into account a num(er of considerations for a complete

hydraulic system involving a particular application.

!. Select the actuator& hydraulic cylinder or motor' that is appropriate (ased on the loads

encountered.. 6etermine the flow rate re3uirements. This involves the calculation of the flow rate

necessary to drive the actuator to move the load through a specified distance within a

given time limit.

1. Select the system pressure. This ties with the actuator si8e and the magnitude of the

resistive forces produced (y the eternal load on the system. Also involved here is the total

amount of power to (e delivered (y the pump.

:. 6etermine thepump speedand select theprime mover. This together with the flow rate

calculation.

>. Select thepump type(ased on the application & gear, vane, or piston pump and

fiedvaria(le displacement '


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HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS


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TYPES OF HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS

LINEAR ACTUATOR

ROTARY ACTUATOR

HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS: LINEAR


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Cyli!der ty$es

Single acting7

wor4 can (e done only in one direction

"iston

6ou(le acting7

"iston rod on (oth sides

"lunger

or4 is done in (othdirections

Telescopic Telescopic 5ast moving

Tandem

5ast moving

LINEAR ACTUATOR


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LINEAR ACTUATOR

5'e 'ydraulic cyli!der co!+erts 'ydraulice!ergy i!to &ec'a!ical e!ergy" 7t ge!erates

li!ear &o+e&e!ts" or t'is reaso!, it is also

re%erred to as a li!ear &otor

Cylinder basics


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Cylinder basics 5'e &ost co&&o! cyli!der co!%iguratio! is double

acting cylinde!

)outi!g $ressuried %luid i!to t'e rod e!do% adoule-acti!g cyli!der causes t'e $isto! rod toretract"

Co!+ersely, routi!g $ressuried %luid i!to t'e ca$ e!dcauses t'e rod to exten"

#i&ulta!eously, %luid o! t'e o$$osite sideo% t'e$isto! %lows ac9i!to t'e 'ydraulic re!er"#$r"

7% a$ris t'e %luid &ediu&, it usually is +e!ted to t'eat%#!&'ere"

5'e area o% t'e rod-e!d $isto!%ace isll t' t' d


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s&allert'a! t'e ca$-e!d area"

Ete!sio! %orceis greatert'a! retractio!

%orce6assu&i!g e/ual %luid $ressures" Because total cyli!der +olu&e is less wit'

t'e cyli!der %ully retracted 6ecause o% rod+olu&e t'a! w'e! t'e cyli!der is %ullyete!ded, a cyli!der retracts %aster t'a! itete!ds 6assu&i!g e/ual %low rates"


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#c'e&atic


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Schematic 6escription


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& ' *I+E- HE.

E $ Cushion and (leeder ad)ustment screw

! $ #ut with seal

# ' -/ 01IE .-T-I0E

$ Scraper ring

1 $ *uide (ush

: $ od seal

> $ 2$ing

2 ' T1BE

3 ' -/

$ ' *I+E- .4

E $ Cushion and (leeder ad)ustment screw

! $ #ut with seal

5 ' TIE -/S

11 $ /oc4nuts

6 ' 4IST/+

&%n the event of static functioning, the piston can (e supplied with li3uid$tight seals'

< $ 2$ing

? $ *uide (ush

D $ "iston seal1E $ Safety screw

1! $ "ermanent magnet &V!


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Eca+ator Case #tudy


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Eca+ator Case #tudyNat$"e T##( M#e(!) M#e($ca

#w i!gMotor

B

Boo&Cyl)

B

Buc9etCyl

B

Ar&Cyl

B

Boo&Cyl(

B

5P

(#B

5P

(#B

5P

(#B

5P

(#B

5P

(#

&a

&a"""

&a1

&a"""

&a2

&a""" &a;

&a"""$clsPu&$

circuit5a!9

co!sta!t#$eed

#w i!gl""" Boo&Cyl""" Boo&Cyl"""

Boo&Cyl"""

Ar&CylB""" Ar&Cyl)""" Buc9etC""" Buc9etC"""

sw i!gCo&&a"""

oo&Co&&a!d

ar&Co&&a!d

uc9etCo&&a!d

Boo&Cyl"""

'ydraulics

world

y

Dig Cycle

e!+iro!&e!t

$a& 101;2

5a& 288"1

Multi-Body #yste& Dy!a&ics Model

6li!9ages, """

Hydraulics Model


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DCV(Directional Control Valve)

Power unit (pump)

Actuator (cylinder)

Other controldevices

(pressure,fow, etc)

Hydrauli yli!d"r#


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August 18, 2014

Cyli!der ty$es $lu!ger

smaller force, (etter efficiency, aial support is necessary(ut cylinder does not have to (e so good 3uality

ithout inner (uffer ith inner (uffer &pilot piston'

Hydrauli yli!d"r#


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August 18, 2014

Cyli!der ty$es $isto!, si!gle acti!g, $ressi!g-

cyli!der

Spring

inside outside

H*ra+($c c*($ner!


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Cyli!der ty$es $isto!, si!gle acti!g, $uller

Spring

inside outside

H*ra+($c c*($ner!


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August 18, 2014

Cyli!der ty$es $isto!, doule acti!g

Velocity is different

H*ra+($c c*($ner!


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Pisto! rod o! ot' side

Velocity is the same in (oth directions

H*ra+($c c*($ner!

C li d i d l i


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Pisto! rod o! ot' side

Velocity is different in the two directions depending

on cross section ratio of the rods

H*ra+($c c*($ner!

C li d t d l ti i t t d


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August 18, 2014

Cyli!der ty$es doule acti!g $isto!, ta!de&

TANDEM CYLINDERS


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TANDEM CYLINDERS

ande! cylindersare desig!ed %or a$$licatio!sw'ere 'ig' %orce&ust e ge!erated wit'i! a!arrow ra$a(s$ace w'ere susta!tial ax$a(le!gt' is a+ailale"

A ta!de& cyli!der, %u!ctio!s as two si!gle rod-e!d cyli!ders co!!ected i! li!e wit' eac' $isto!i!ter-co!!ected to a co&&o! rod as well as aseco!d rod w'ic' ete!ds t'roug' t'e rod-e!dca$"

Eac' $isto! c'a&er is doule acti!g to $roduce&uc' 'ig'er %orces wit'out a! i!crease i! %luid$ressure or ore dia&eter"

H*ra+($c c*($ner!

C li d t i l ti % t i


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August 18, 2014

Cyli!der ty$es si!gle acti!g, %ast &o+i!g

H*ra+($c c*($ner!

C li d t d l ti % t i


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August 18, 2014

Cyli!der ty$es doule acti!g, %ast &o+i!g

H*ra+($c c*($ner!

C li d t t l i i l ti


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August 18, 2014

Cyli!der ty$es telesco$ic, si!gle acti!g

/arge wor4ing pathsor limited space

H*ra+($c c*($ner!

C li d t t l i d l ti


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August 18, 2014

Cyli!der ty$es telesco$ic, doule acti!g

/arge wor4ing pathsor limited space

TELESCOPIC CYLIN,ERS


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August 18, 2014

Most telesco"ic cylinders, are si!gle acti!g,alt'oug'doule-acti!g +ersio!s are a+ailale"

5elesco$ic cyli!ders co!tai! %i+e or &ore sets o% tui!g, orstages, t'at !est i!side o!e a!ot'er"

Eac' stage is e/ui$$ed wit' seals a!d eari!g sur%acestoact as ot' a cyli!der arrel a!d $isto! rod"

A+ailale %or ete!sio!seceedi!g 1 %t, &ost are used o!

&oile a$$licatio!s w'ere a+ailale &ou!ti!g s$ace isli&ited"

5'e colla$sed le!gt' o% a telesco$i!g cyli!der ca! e as littleas 1 its ete!ded le!gt', ut t'e cost is se+eral ti&es t'ato% a sta!dard cyli!der t'at ca! $roduce e/ui+ale!t %orce"

Models are a+ailale i! w'ic' all stagesete!dsi&ulta!eouslyor w'ere t'e largest stage ete!ds %irst,%ollowed y eac' successi+ely s&aller stage"


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HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS: ROTARY

#wi+el +a!e rotary actuator" ll l


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/imited angle in (oth directions

-aimum angle always smaller than 1


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R#tar* '*ra+($c act+at#r!Parallel $isto!

t t t


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rotary actuator


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August 18, 2014

R#tar* '*ra+($c act+at#r!-!$n.(e "ane(i&ited a!gle rotary actuator


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August 18, 2014

(i&ited a!gle rotary actuator si!gle +a!e


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August 18, 2014

A single#$ane actuator, 'as a cyli!drical

c'a&er i! w'ic' a +a!e co!!ected to a dri+es'a%t rotates t'roug' a! arc to 280F"

5wo $orts are se$arated y a statio!ary arrier"

Di%%ere!tial $ressure a$$lied across t'e +a!erotates t'e dri+e s'a%t u!til t'e +a!e &eets t'e

arrier"

)otatio! is re+ersed y re+ersi!g $ressure %luid

at t'e i!let a!d outlet $orts"

R#tar* '*ra+($c act+at#r!) #+/(e "ane(i&ited a!gle rotary actuator


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August 18, 2014

R$%ary &ydrauli a%ua%$r#' d$ubl" (a!"


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August 18, 2014

A double#$ane actuator, 'as twodia&etrically o$$osed +a!es a!d arriers"

5'is co!structio! $ro+ides twice t'e

tor/ue i! t'e sa&e s$ace as a si!gle-+a!eactuator"

'owe+er, rotatio! is ge!erally li&ited to

100F"


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August 18, 2014

CHAIN TYPE ACTUATOR 7! a $isto!-c'ai! actuator, a circular dri+e c'ai! is 'eld tig't o+er two

s$roc9ets


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August 18, 2014

s$roc9ets" *!e s$roc9et co!+erts li!ear &otio! i!to tor/ue out$ut= a! idler s$roc9et

&ai!tai!s te!sio!" 5wo $isto!-s'a$ed li!9s are located at e/ual dista!ces o! t'e c'ai!= o!e$isto! is larger t'a! t'e ot'er"

5'e 'ousi!g co!tai!i!g t'e &ec'a!is& 'as two $arallel $isto! c'a&ersa!d a $ort o! eac' o% t'e two o$$osite e!ds"

Pressuried %luid e!teri!g a $ort acts agai!st ot' $isto!s= t'e c'ai! &o+es

i! t'e sa&e directio! as t'e larger $isto! ecause o% t'e di%%ere!tial %orcesei!g eerted" 5'e s&aller $isto! seals t'e retur! side o% t'e c'ai! to $re+e!t %luid

lea9age" )otatio! is re+ersed y re+ersi!g $orti!g" A $isto!-c'ai! actuator $ro+ides rotatio! to %i+e co&$lete tur!s a!d tor/ues

to 2;,00 l-i!" 5'e desig! is li&ited y t'e stre!gt' o% t'e c'ai! a!d s$roc9et, a!d y its

ul9 %or a$$licatio!s re/uiri!g etre&ely 'ig' tor/ues" 5or/ue is co!sta!t t'roug'out t'e stro9e"

R#tar* '*ra+($c act+at#r!

Heli actuator


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G'e! 'ydraulic $ressure is a$$lied to t'e $ort to t'e le%to% t'e $isto!, t'ree e+e!ts occur si&ulta!eously"

5'e $isto! slee+e is dis$laced aially, &o+i!g to t'erig't= it rotates cloc9wise 6as +iewed %ro& t'e out$uts'a%t as t'e geari!g o! its outside dia&eter a!d t'e

'ousi!g>s ri!g gear %orces its rotatio!= a!d t'e geari!g o!t'e i!side dia&eter o% t'e $isto! slee+e causes t'e s'a%tto rotate cloc9wise"

A$$lyi!g $ressure to t'e alter!ate $ort retur!s t'e $isto!slee+e to its origi!al starti!g $ositio! a!d rotates t'es'a%t cou!tercloc9wise"


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hydraulic power generators

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