UNITED ST ATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES OF YELLOWTAIL AFTERBAY DAM SPAWNING CHANNEL

STILLING BASIN AND DIFFUSER CHAMBER MISSOURI RIVER BASIN PROJECT, MONTANA

Report No. Hyd-525

Hydraulics Branch DIVISION OF RESEARCH

OFFICE OF C HIE F E NGINEER DENVER, C OLORA D O

March 30, 1965

The information contained in this report may not be used in any publication, advertising, or other promotion in such a manner as to constitute an endorsement by the United States Government or the Bureau of Reclamation, either explicit or implicit, of any material, product, device, or process that may be referred to in the report.

CONTENTS

Abstract. • • Purpose. . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . Res\U.ts. • • . . • .• . • . . • . • . • • • • . • • . Acknowledgment • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Introduction • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 'Itle Models . • • • • • • • • . • • . • • . . • • • • The Investigation. . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Preliminary Design •••••• Modifications ••••••••

. . . . . . . . . Recommended Design • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Bypass Conduit Diffuser Chamber. • • • • ••

11 l l l 2 2 3

3 4 4 5

Table

Dimensions of Hydra\U.ic Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • • l

Yellowtail Dam and Powerplant--Location Map ••••••• Yellowtail Afterbay Dam--Plan, Elevation, and Sections • Yellowtail Afterbay Dam--Proposed Spawning Channel--

Plan, Elevation and Sections ••••••••••••• Yellowtail Afterbay Dam--Left Abutment Fish Ladder for

Spawning Channel Plans and Sections •••••••••• The 1:8 Scale Model. • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • Recommended Bypass Diffuser Chamber Discharging

into Fish Ladder • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • Preliminary Stilling Basin and Diffuser Chamber ••••• Preliminary Design Discharging 100 cfs • • • • • • • • • Recommended Stilling Basin and Diffuser Chamber. • ••• Recommended Design Discharging 100 cfs ••••••••••• Recommended Design Discharging 150 cfs •.•••••••••

Figure

1 2

3

4 5

6 1 8 9

10 11

.ABSTRACT

Hydraulic model studies or the spawning channel stilling basin and diffuser chamber at Yellowtail Afterbay Dam in Montana resulted in the use of a slotted baffle near.the intake conduit to provide satisfactory stilling ac­tion and good flow distribution. Flow enters the spawning channel through a 4-ft-dia intake conduit, passes through a stilling basin, and upward through a diffuser grating into the resting pool at the upstream end. or the 150-cfs design flow, JO will be discharged through a 24-in. bypass pipe to lower part of the fish ladder, 20 into the upstream end of the fish lad­der, and the rest into the spawning channel. The slotted baffle diffuser was developed for the stilling basin to replace floor block and stepped end sill or the· original design. This provided a relatively stable water sur­face in the basin and good flow distribution from the diff'user chamber into the resting pool, so that flow into and through the pool was quiet • The modified stilling basin and diff'user chamber performed well for any possi­ble operating combination of head and tailwater. To quiet flow from the bypass pipe from main stilling basin before discharging it at right angles into the fish ladder, the bypass diff'user chamber was widened and a seawall-type cover was provided at the downstream end to reduce turbulence.

DESCRIPTORS-- *fish handling facilities/ fish/ fishways/ *diffusers/ water .pressures/ flow meters/ *stilling basins/ *hydraulic models/ jets/ erosion/ conduits/ hydraulics/ hydraulic similitude/ laboratory tests/ flow control/ sea walls/ discharges/ research and development/ arterbays/ baffles/ model tests/ discharge measurements/ energy dissipation/ negative pressures IDENTIFIERS-- resting pools/ spawning channels/ diffuser chambers/ diffuser gratings/ rate-of-flow controllers/ bypass conduits/ Missouri River Basin Proj/ Montana/ hydraulic design/ subatmospheric pressures

ii

UNITED STATES DEPAR'IMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

Report No. Hyd-525 Office of Chief Engineer Division of Research HydrauJ.ics Branch

Written by: G. L. Beichley

Structures and Equipment Section Denver, Colorado March 30, 1965

Checked by: T. J. Rhone Revie-wed by: W. E. Wagner Submitted by: H. M. Martin

Subject: HydrauJ.ic model studies of Yellowta.il Afterbay Dam spa.'Wlling channel stilling basin and diffuser chamber, Missouri River Ba.sin Project, Montana

PURPOSE

The studies -were conducted to develop the hydrauJ.ic design of the stilling basin and diffuser chamber at the upstream end of the spa'Wll­ing channel. Studies were also conducted to develop the hydrauJ.ic design of another diffuser chamber at the do'Wllstream end of the 24-inch bypass from the stilling basin to the do'Wllstream portion of the fish ladder.

RESULTS

1. The preliminary arrangement of the stilling basin and diffuser chamber, which included a large floor block and a stepped end sil1, did not provide satisfactory stilling action or flow distribution.

2. A slotted baffle {Figure 9) near the intake conduit was developed for the stilling basin to provide a relatively stable wter surface in the basin, and good flow distribution from the diffuser chamber into the resting pool.

3. The diffuser chamber for the discharge from the 24-inch bypass conduit to the lower portion of the fish ladder was widened from 3 feet 9 inches to 4 feet 4 inches, and a sea wall type of cover was provided at the do'Wllstream end to reduce the turbuJ.ence in the chamber and to improve the distribution of flow into the fish ladder.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The final plans evolved from this study were developed through the coope.ration of the staffs of the Dams Branch and the Hyd.rauJ.ics Branch during the period September 1964 through November 1964. Laboratory photography was by Mr. w. M. Batts, Office Services Branch.

INTRODUCTION

Yellowtail Dam and Afterbay Dam, parts of the Lower Big Horn Division of the Missouri River Basin Project, are located on the Big Horn River about 60 miles southeast of Billings, Montana (Figure 1) . The Afterbay Dam is located about 2-1/2 miles downstream from Yellowtail Dam. The Afterbay Dam is a concrete structure with earth dikes at each abutment rising about 50 feet above the riverbed (Figure 2). !Ihe da,m includes a sluiceway, radial gate controlled overflow weir, and canal head.works. The total length of the dam, including the earth dikes, is 1,400 feet. The primary function of the Afterbay Dam is to maintain relatively uniform flows in the Big Horn River on a daily basis, in order that existing downstream canals diverting from the river can continue to divert without major overhaul of existing diversion structures.

The spawning channel is located on the downstream side of the dam near the left abutment (Figure 3). Flow enters the spawning channel through a 4-foot-diameter intake conduit, a stilling basin, and a diffuser chamber at the upstream end of the spawning channel. The rate of flow into the stilling basin is controlled by a rate-of-flow controller and meter which contains a small butterfly valve. The flow ·passes through the stilling basin into the diffuser chamber and then upward through a diffuser grating into the resting pool at the upstream end of the spawning channel. The design flow for the stilling basin is 150 cfs; 30 cfs will be discharged from the still­ing basin through a 24-inch bypass conduit to the lower portion of a fish ladder; 20 cfs will be discharged from the resting pool into the upstream end of the fish ladder (Figure 4); and the remaining 100 cfs will flow into the spawning channel. During normal operation the reservoir water surface will fluctuate between elevation 3192 and elevation 3175. The water surface in the spawning channel may fluctuate between elevation 3167.9 and 3169.4. Dimensions of hydraulic features are listed in Table 1 for both English and metric units.

THE MODELS

The first model (Figure 5) was a 1 to 8 scale reproduction of the stilling basin, diffuser chamber, resting pool, and upstream end of the spawning channel. The entrance to the 24-inch bypass conduit from the stilling basin and the entrance to the fish ladder from the resting pool were also simulated in the model. The rate-of-flow controller and meter that discharged the flow from the intake conduit into the stilling basin was simulated by use of a 6-inch butterfly valve in a 6-inch supply line. Flow was supplied to the supply line by means of the laboratory's permanent supply system. The head was measured by piezometers located one pipe diameter upstream from the butterfly valve.

2

"

The rate of flow into the spawning channel was controlled by means of a slide gate at the downstream end of the model and was measured with a 90° V-notch weir. The rate of flow through the bypass was controlled by means of a 3-inch gate valve and measured with a 90° V-notch weir. The remainder of the flow discharging into the fish ladder was controlled by a slide gate. The two slide gates also controlled the water surface elevation in the spawning channel. The rate of flow to the fish ladder was determined by subtracting the sum of the spawning channel flow and the bypass flow from the total inflow.

After completion of the model study of the spawning channel st-illing basin and diffuser chamber, a 1:4 scale model of the diffuser chamber at the downstream end of the 24-inch bypass conduit was constructed within the existing model (Figure 6). The 6-inch supply line and butterfly valve was used to represent the 24-inch bypass and to control the head. The diffuser chamber was constructed using wooden partitions inserted within the stilling basin of the eXisting model.

THE INVESTIGATION

The investigation was concerned with flow conditions in the stilling basin, diffuser chamber, resting pool, and spawning channel for the design inflow of 150 cfs discharging from minimum and maximum afterbay reservoir elevations. The investigation was extended at the conclusion of the initial studies to include the flow conditions in the diffuser chamber at the downstream end of the 24-inch bypass conduit.

Preliminary Design

The preliminary design (Figure 7) utilized one large baffle placed on the centerline on the floor of the stilling basin and a stepped end sill at the downstream end of the diffuser chamber under the diffuser grating. The grating was designed so that the average velocity through the open area would be approximately 1/2 foot per second.

Flow from the butterfly valve simulating the rate-of-flow controller crossed the stilling basin and impinged upon the downstream wall creating a considerable amount of turbulence in the stilling basin (Figure 8). A grid of piezometers installed on the upstream side of this wall showed the pressures to be equal to the rise in water surface along the wall, or about 2 feet of ~ater above the normal water surface elevation.

The flow in the resting pool was relatively quiet; however, the flow entered the pool through the downstream portion of the grating; some of the flow then turned upstream and returned to the diffuser chamber through the upstream portion of the grating. This operation was

3

particularly true at high head and high tailwater. The stepped end sill and baffle block did not provide uniform flow distribution through the grating.

Modifications

The width of the stilling basin was reduced to 17 feet, or the same width as the grating. This modification increased the turbulence in the stilling basin and further concentrated the flow through the downstream end of the diffuser grating. No further tests were made with the narrow basin.

The large baffle and stepped end sill were removed and a slotted baffle was installed between the stilling basin and the diffuser chamber. The baffle extended from the basin floor to the headwall of the resting pool, and blocked off one-half of the flow passage. This change provided. much better flow distribution through the grating.

Other minor modifications in size of stilling basin and diffuser chamber and in baffle arrangements, including a large sloping sill on the basin floor beneath the headwall of the resting pool, were investigated, but were not as satisfactory as the slotted baffle.

Recommended Design

The recommended design (Figure 9) consisted of the preliminary basin and diffuser chamber with the large baffle and stepped end sill removed and a slotted baffle placed in the pa.th of the jet near the headwall of the basin. Essentially, the baffle consisted of four walls that provided three slots from which the flow could emerge into the basin. One 16-inch-wide slot on the centerline, 3 feet downstream from the headwall, was flanked by two 32-inch-wide walls. Two ·additional side­walls extended 3 feet out from the headwall at a point 5 feet 4 inches on either side on the centerline.

This device provided a relatively smooth water surface in the stilling basin (Figure 10) and a fairly uniform flow distribution from the diffuser chamber into the resting pool. The relatively smooth. water surface in the stilling basin resulted in a much smoother water surface and a more constant head at the entrance to the bypass than was avail­able with the preliminary design.

The more uniform flow distribution through the diffuser grating reduced the velocities and turbulence and provided a quieter resting pool than was available in the preliminary design, Dye streamers introduced into the flow to trace the flow currents revealed that the flow passed downward from the resting pool into the diffuser chamber only at the extreme upstream edge and corners of the diffuser grating.

4

The stilling basin and diffuser chamber performed well for any possible operating combination of head and tailwater. The structures also performed well with the fish ladder and bypass closed when the entire 150 cfs discharged into the spawning channel (Figure 11). This discharge at low tailwater elevation created a riffled water surface at the entrance to the spawning channel and a minor amount of erosion in the channel bed. However, the prototype channel will be protected by a gravel lining, and the effects of erosion should be negligible.

Pressures for the design flow of 150 cfs with minimum and maximum heads were recorded at a piezometer located at the upstream corner of one wall of the center slot (Figure 9). At minimum tailwater, the pressures ranged from 1.5 feet below atmospheric at minimum head to 4 .8 feet below atmospheric at maximum head. At maximum tailwater elevation, the pressures ranged from 1.7 to 6.4 feet above atmospheric at minimum and maximum heads • Because the maximum flow · velocity from the valve is less than JO feet per second, no adverse pressure conditions are anticipated along the slotted walls.

Bypass Conduit Diffuser Chamber

After the studies of the spawning channel stilling basin and diffuser chamber were completed, the diffuser chamber for the 24-inch bypass (Figure 4) was mod.eled and tested. The 6-inch model supply line with butterfly valve was used to simulate the 24-inch bypass pipe and to regulate the head. The chamber was constructed at the outlet within the stilling basin of the existing model (Figure 6). Flow from the stilling chamber discharged through a submerged rectangular opening into the right portion of the existing model, which represented one bay of the fish ladder. The area to the left and downstream surrounding the basin represented the stream channel tailwater area. This arrangement provided a model on the opposite hand to the prototype structure.

5

The diffuser chamber was tested for a flow of 30 cfs assuming no head losses in the approach conduit and for 30 cfs assuming maxi­mum head losses, both for two tailwater conditions. The low tailwater was slightly below the top of the downstream wall of the chamber while the higher tailwater was approximately 1 foot (prototype) above the top of this wall.

Tne tests indicated that the turbulent flow conditions in the preliminary chamber would be improved if the chamber width of 3 feet 9 inches was increased to 4 feet 4 inches and the bypass line moved to enter at the centerline of the chamber. The tests also showed that wave action would be reduced if a seawall was placed extending 18 inches upstream from the downstream wall (Figure 6).

The enlarged diffuser chamber and seawall helped to contain the flow within the chamber and reduced the turbulence. Although most of the flow discharged through the downstream portion of the sub­merged opening, flow distribution from the chamber through the submerged rectangular opening into the fish ladder was better dis­tributed than with the preliminary arrangement. The performance was considered to be satisfactory for a discharge of 30 cfs in the range of the operating heads.

Table 1

Dimensions of Hydraulic Features

Feature Height of dam Length of dam Discharge to spawning channel Discharge in spawning channel Discharge from bypass Discharge from fish ladder Intake conduit diameter Size of bypass

: English : Metric : 50 feet: 15.24 meters :1,400 feet:426.72 meters : 150 cfs: 4.25 ems

100 cfs : -.. 2.83 ems JO cfs 0.85 ems 20 cfs 0.57 ems 4 feet: 1.22 meters

24 inch: 60.96 centimeters

6

0

"

0

FIGURE I REPORT HYD-525

9 , ' , I ? 5 10 ip SCALk OF MILES

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

2p

MISSOURI RIVER BASIN PROJECT LOWER BIGHORN OIVISION·YELLOWTAIL UNIT-MONTANA

YELLOWTAIL DAM AND POWER PLANT LOCATION MAP

Axis af dike#,_,,

., Curve data ~=12•30'

,rEl.3154.0

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SCALE OF FEET ''.10

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" Chain-link fence- -r=-=,_-~=k-~4-_!'.:-a,-:-::::f ':1-~4/:i,~ 3204~60 .i

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EL E VA TI ON Assumed top of sho/el , ,' :11 ff

_.;., {.,,--12 Dia. relief well El.3134.0·, C) 1, \._

6"Selected surfacing;,,;:--Ax1s of dike #2

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SECTION THRU CANAL HEADWORKS

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11 sewer-pipe drain-/ 1\

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L(~--12"Dio. relief well \~------6" Dia. relief wells .. . ,,

u 0 20

SCALE OF FEET SECTION THRU SLUICEWAY

>-<· ·-28~-

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DISCHARGE IN /000 C. F. S.

TAILWAT£R OURV£

NOTES

Dimensions ore to the 't. of joints, unless otherwise shown Chamfer all exposed corners f:' unless otherwise specified. Structures to be placed on firm shale, except as shown.

~

osed surface of shale to be protected from drying,asdirected. Clay, sift, and sand com(X}Cted /Jy' tamping rollers ta 5"/ayers.

Sand,grovel, and cobbles compacted ta 12'' layers to 75 % relative density.

---Axis of dike

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/ I I I / 1, -,,~

1--24• Min.

4-6-6,f &I REVISED TAILWATER GURVE

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UNITcD STATES OEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

MISSOURI RIVER BASIN PROJECT LOWER BIGHORN 0/VIS/ON-YELLOWTAIL UNIT-MONTANA

YELLOWTAIL AFTERBAY DAM PLAN, ELEVATION, AND SECTIONS

CHECKEO~e .. (i..__.J...APPROVEO

OENVER, COL..ORAOO. OE:CE:MBE:R

rl: 5p;zwpii1rj c/Ja17;1-, I. IP/i91Jmenl-1 of chwpe/ can Ile y,1.r,etl la '. suit lccal 18/ofraf'/,l.

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SECTION E-E

l\°cl/1/'Wi :_ - - - , ':_(Jriq,nal

lop of i/iai,,-, __ S;eci,lj com/lac.led

/0 20 SJ

J'C.41Lf OF FEET FOK JtcTlONS

FIGURE 3 !REPORT HYD-525

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, fl Jf6S.o . ~j ~ I f , I, -'·'-'-

--:~---- 20' _:c ____ ' ----~~-3~3-,--~~- -~-.'

SECTION F-F

CONCRETE REQUIREMENTS

TIN/SHES Une1<posed Sur fri.ces

All allier surfaces

STRENGTH

lo/ orUI l'.c or u;:.

lk-s/9n of concrek 15 ba.sed on a

c.om17ress1'v.,. slre,,tlh of -.10001'·" al -i'8 da.7s.

NOTE

Re1nftJrcen><inf" re'/t11>'ed /Jvf ,-,or snow/7.

17•/io_iffuser am! _, grafi,,g - ------

/.Control hov.se.

:==i:m,. Wtho,/;,rs ,[l J/12

,-€ Spiwning c!Mmel { Spawning channel- - - --1

St,/1,hg basin - - - -

Control

I: Will 6e shifted sltyhlj for consfrv,f!on'- - -

---- Trashrouc

\InlDKe

0 PL A tf

- !DO

SCALE OF FEE r

( Max. W.S. · fl 31'12 I

, Ml'n. W.S. during 1rrigatioo · E/. 3l7S

-1---.r-\/ Trxe of overflow sp,1/way

I fStQ.1),00

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;8/op·l"'J slot,

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SECT/ ON G-li

AP1m,Mmafe orirjimtl rovnd

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Note : Sfructur<s to >e fr11mded on saund sildle .

;,; Anchor>@ S.(1 a,, 8' embedment ,nt,, sound sha fe and qrolftel/ in place.

SECTION 8-B

~ ' Specially compacfed ,V

a:s required ~

. : (ti ~ \ . "

'6mded 9rt1WJI -/ to Zdb.

S£C.TION D-D .-+- ,- Confrol house

A1 - / : 8 ~'I ,-R,slingJMol E : Dr::>MiilElJ/69.!- fr-

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' \ '·-E/imftiam -,,,,-,niir-:Jiiiifwliill

coocrete de/)tlI. i>. grerkr 1lion 6"

6 Layers of concrete. sa.rd raded from "200 to .,,_

THIS DRAWING NOT TO 8£ USEO FOR CONSTRUCTION.

,-_-f)_ ·61 r.REV!SE.0 CON. TROT··· GATE_, __ f'!Sfr LA.DOER, ANO t.a..~- J_;,,;1scE.LLAN_EOUS t)ETAI_L~ _ _

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ALWAYS r1unK SAf£TV UNI TEO STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION r,fmou,t ltlVFR. 8/ISIN PROJ~C T

f/. 3160-' • I

j Bitvm,nous join/ ~-11., ,/ ,,. 'SJillingb4s,n., . : · C, \ . f~ r-'. _

/tote: far dduils af reuef well, s,e %1e of flow A b;,..i 1 ·-._ I', t..._ -J!iffustrcNm6er : YPerfort1fed s•nr..=pipe (fr4m Fre.rhng fXXJI ~r

Sec._J_-J, _lmq. 45~-iJ·/054; controller and • . f<-···-\;'""zt.Anchors,.5.P~·-····.J Spec1hcaf,an5 No./X·60fJ me/er, 6 Di,,_rol{efwtlfl · i

LOWER BIGHOffH IHVJSJON- YELLOWTA/l. lJN/T-NO!trAHA

YfLLOWTA/L AFTERBAY DAM PiOPOSlO SPAWN/Me, CHANNEL

Pl.AN. ELEVATION, AND SECTION.S

ELEVATION ALONG t INTAKE f !PAWNING CHANNEL ~ o m ~

.JtAil OF F'EET

ORAWN .. .J.J., ............... SU8MITTe:0.c!:.~.• . .....,... llli TltACEO _ ____ • __ •• _ ••••• JfECOMMENDEO-- --,~l·-' CHCGICl!O • ..,,/H~.' ... ... ~P#fOVl!O ••...

, COLOKIIDO, BYJl;IYU

FIGURE 4 REPORT HYD-525

'--It:__ :, grating, see Dwg. f~,--, 7'-o"x 24'-o" Diffuser

S 38°00'[-, \ ' Q

__ f Channel

,,-El. 3154.0

~---- -- -- -- ---- - -- - ------ - - --- -- -4o·-o~- - ------ - -------¥------------- - --- - -- --- - - --- --- 40'-o: _____ - --- --- - --- - ------- - - ----->:<"- -- --- - --3o'-o'. __ ----- - - - - - --- ---- - --->",

P[<s '-,.. 459-D -1585

2.1.___ \, (-Resting pool

' ' .--2:/

~-----f Access road

N 484,183 31\, E 2,406,090 9~;

conduit

: ~

24"0.o. steel pipe

For details of intake ond access road, see Dwg. 459-D-1476.

For de/01/s of st//ling basin, see Dwg 459-0-1587--_

--f.l-nBitummous jomt ~ii/er

---2" Chamfers---

Handrail post recess // :, not shown, see Dwg. / '•--4" Diameter hole, locate

---10'- o''._ ---~------10'..o:-----~------ 10'..o" -----,,,.l...e--- --10'.. o'' ----->!-<"-- ---10'-o'. ______ ,,L __ ----10'-o"------~ ----10'-o! ---- --~ -----10'..o" _____ ,J ->-'.i--}'Bituminous jo,nt filler ' : _J:~- {'Bi1~minous joi~t filler , '

; 9"

-- 2'' Chamfers

,, ' "'

"G ,--f Fish fodder

:--2"Chamfers----------++-----,+---­ JA

"6 _, <o

PLAN

Eleva t1on as shown, Section A-A

---2'' Chamfers-

'·----.: 24"0 o steel pipe For details.see Dwg.459-0-1584

,.--Type "a" rubber waters top

','

-,!-10'.o",--2'..3" _,

" . "'

-9"

CONCRETE REQUIREMENTS FINISHES

Unexposed surfaces _______________________ Fl or U I

KEY PLAN 459-0-1585---------- to suit gate stem. : --<7N _____ ¾"Bituminous

' joint f//ler A II other surfaces _________________________ F 2 or U2

50 50 100

SCALE OF FEET El 3172 00--- •• --<78

,--El 3170 00·---,

' ,--Slope j "m 1l~1 \ f.,,.i L __ i

.. , ~-----10'.._0~-------->i

Stop log slots---. __ _ 'L:- ,----Type "a"ru_bber waters~op __ ---EI. 3110 oo

' -;· - : -:---f_-/ 316-8 45

.. Tl ,.,_rr_., 9-->1'r-- 6-o----i.,r-9

- El 3166 95

'-El. 3169.50 ',--·--2" Chamfer

El. 3166 95-----i_: I\ --Co~!;!;tion,_'y/1:,EI. 3166. 95

Backfill not shown-,

2'' Chamfer

\ ~.··.-.·. ·•· .. :'. ,,---Jo,nt,pa,nt to prevent bond

El.316000--r-,:~ ___ --{Sponge rubber

18

SECTION S-8

9~­

.: 24"0.D steel pipe- __ Lr>:-Qr,ginal ground surfa~~) __ _

->-: 2;"1:;c

Fish ladder

'/@ i only)----- ,: I ~-­El 3162 95------, _{_

El 3160.95·----'.-

2'..2f'(@ f only)- •.

El 3153. 95

.9" ____ ----Type "a" rubber waters/op

Alternate orifice side to side

Jo,nt, paint to prevent ban~---, ~ , El.315100-,; ,--,--.. '. ' ,-

,~--Perviaus ,' ft ~,J/::o"." \ backfill--'"'"".-

Embedded anchor bolts, ., 00 _1, strap anchor, and asbesto packing not shown, see Dwg. 459-D-/584.----

EI 3154. 50-

J" 81 luminous Joint filler not shown-

-El. 3156.50 Dia. of opening 1n wall depends on thickness of

, v . .- ~ , ,--Assumed top asbestos packing and pipe ,,,~, _ . . A. 6w "- of shale coat,ng,see Dwg 459-0-1584-

j_

El 3165. 95 ,--El 3164.95 -<l C ,,--El. 3165.4 5

'. ,---El. 3165.00 -4 _i_ G,---EI 3162 95 -+ Contraction ,' _ _y---EI. 3163.95

_9

., joint--·· ; 1

. •"' EIJl 58·30) I ,--El. 3158 95

~~~~--;;;;;:';;7:i:fZ:;:' :::;::::::Jr':,-=· I I : ,--fl. 3158. 09 ,~ _'L, ' #

not shown--,;·:.,.__

__ J

El.315650--'

//---_,, ------><-f Bituminous joint filler

--Joint, paint to prevent bond

SECTION

Assumed tap of shale-----------, ,_ • 1

I 11\W,

--Elevation as shown, Section A -A

~---r Sponge rubber

DETAIL Z

STRENGTH. Design of concrete is based on a compressive

strength of 3,000 p.s i. at 28 days.

::_-·El 3161 95

_j_ --El. 3160. 95 -El 3158. 95

( E/3161.45-.,_,.,D __ El.3161.00 ,,-- . --<,F ,--E/315845 ' . ' , ' I J'

i_ ---·---• '- c, -m,,, " n-'- _ ;---e, "" "

Cl rr,·

2'' Chamfer._ ,,

. '?:

Assumed top of shale-/

A-A

'M· i°.'f': .·.1-s- I 2. 5 m.---~ -- 4 : I

~-J·:1,.:>i ' -, {)---- 3 0

f Fish ladder--~.

,,--2' Chamfer ·~,,--·

;

,-9"

--11. 1---

Construction ;01nt->:. >-1· ·,w-11/ · 1· W:-ssY·'· !<

--;;

Construction .j· '·-u 3157 95 JOJnt-------' .. - ....... , "'O')

o: o· _·1 ; ,J . ..... C!'

.~-----JO'- 9~------:---~

-::JF

NOTES

Reinforcement required but not shown

(El. 3154.0

'-2:1

Chamfer all exposed corners {'. unless otherwise spec1f1ed. Fish ladder piers shall be founded on firm shale. Exposed surfaces of shale shall be protected from

dry,ng as directed. Pervious backfill shall have a gradation and composit1an

similar to Zone® material but shall be uncompocted. :,.. __ -8 5' ~- -I}: I

Asbestos packing around pipe not shown-

El. 3155. 50_,/ ---Diffuser grating not Pervious backfill shall be placed after completion of

the fish ladder.

SECTION C-C

24" Dia slide gate,

3" Chamfer-,,

'i. Fish !adder----L-~ /1 ft, and anchor bolts not shown. Max.head @ i gate= 12. 5 feet

Back pressure head If = 9 feet------, ,,

e'.--~-/) \J--· -3'' ~-I I ' "

SECTION J-J

9"

3'.'- :.-!\'-'-'~--8" JL:,.-

-2"Chamfer

SECTION G-G

El 3153.

shown, see Dwg 459-0-1586

SECTION E-E SECTION F-F

SECTION D-D

/-Batter fin 12'' 24 ,, 0 0 s tee! pipe

' ' ~,--i' F'.sh ladder

3-o--+---3-0----

,---Backf1I! not shown

' -~ 24" 0.0. steel pipe m.: i Channel

E/315700 ,,-

( . . 1 ground surface-,, ~--' ___ - - - --Qr,g,na i._ ____ _

---- 2·1----~-

--..,,_ -2 I SECTION K-K SECTION N-N ;,---Joint, paint

( to prevent bond

-/2 .: 24'' o o Steel __ pipe--/

I LX.l ' 3 "8 t El 3154.50--'I: ~-----4 i ummous - ---, :, • Joint filler

~t:.,d ,--12' ',_'>"'

¾" B1tum,nous _,-El 3154 0 Joint filler------.

-- 4. 5 --4.51

--->+

SECTION M-M

-~ , ---,- ,· F -------~ -LI"!··'- 0 ···==r-r/ ·~ I IDY. ,_·.·~ ·~ _.,£',5 ,,

·r· :,_ ,., _,: I '. _,,-r Sponge rubber

SECTION H-H SECTION L-L SECTION P-P

e ALWAYS r111nK SAfETV UNI TED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

MISSOURI RIVcR BASIN PRO.JcOT LOWcR BIGHORN DIVISION- YcLLOWTAIL UNIT-- MONTANA

YELLOWTAIL AFTERSAY DAM LEFT ABUTMENT

FISH LADDER FOR SPAWNING CHANNEL PLANS AND SECTIONS

DRAWN ____ ~._L_~ ::.':!-_L _____ SUBMITTED ____________ _

TRACED ___ J. W.C. _______ RECOMMENDED ________ _

CHECKED_<.a _________ APPROVED ___________________________ _

CH/1!:tr~MS ./lfANC:_H __ _

DENVER. COLORADO, JANUARY l!J, 19f5!3 I 4 5 9 - D- I 5 8 9

YELLOWTAIL AFTERBAY DAM SPAWNING CHANNEL THE 1:8 SCALE MODEL

!;:o rrj (I) I-'• 'O()q 0 i:: ~ ~ M- (I)

::q c.n

~ I

c.n ~ c.n

Figure 6 Report Hyd-525

A. Dry Model

B. Headwater elevation 3169. 4 Tailwater elevation 3160, 0

C. Headwater elevation 3169. 4 Tailwater elevation 3161. 4

NOTE: The model is on opposite hand to the prototype structure.

YELLOWTAIL AFTERBAY DAM SPAWNING CHANNEL RECOMMENDED BYPASS DIFFUSER CHAMBER

1:4 SCALE MODEL

689

FIGURE 7 REPORT HYD-525

16' x 17' Diffuser and grating--, ' ' \

I I

I I I I I

I

I I

0 I

if) 1111111111

24"8y-pass /­conduit--_,.

I

I I I I I I I I _,

b _I 0 C\I

\,-'t. of Spawning channel

A..

C\I PLAN

12·~-.... k ---------20'-o" ------>} ~ -------------------35'- o" ------------------- >-l ! . . . ! : ! : Stilling basin--__ : : _,---Resting pool ,--El. 3172.0 , : ', I f , :

--4' Dia. conduit ' \ ' ..

' \ \~

t----Max. w. S. El. 3169.4 - - -- Nor. W. S. El.3167.9._,

SECTION A-A

YE L LOW TA I L A FT ER BAY DAM S PAWN I NG CH ANNE L PRELIMINARY STILLING BASIN AND DIFFUSER CHAMBER

1:8 SCALE MODEL

A. Headwater elevation 3175~ 0 Tailwater elevation 3167. 9

C. Headwater elevation 3192. 0 Tail water elevation 3167. 9

B. Headwater elevation 3.175. 0 Tailwater elevation 3169. 4

D. Headwater elevation 3192. 0 Tailwater elevation 3169. 4

YELLOWTAIL AFTERBAY DAM SPAWNING CHANNEL PRELIMINARY DESIGN DISCHARGING 150 CFS

1:8 SCALE MODEL

=:d 1-:cj (1) ....

'O (Jq 0 ~

:t ~ :II 00 '< 0.. I

c:n N c:n

689

FIGURE 9 REPORT HYD-525

16' x 17' Diffuser and grating----',

o

·-c::.-.

=' CD

·· .. -.1.

'ii

6

:p.

•. " '•

!

-~ '•

:;; .. ,..

,·· 5~" -6!.8" 'o

.· . . -· : . ~ ~ .

24" By - pass // conduit-----

0

.... ... -._,_ . ..

' ' '

\ I I

'

' I I

' ' ' I

111111111111,

SECTION A-A

' ' =• 0

2 I

: I

' I I I I I

I

'-,ct. of Spawning channel

.. t\l

!

t\l

1211---- ~-,!----Y'~t-

k -------- 20'- o "-------->-i~ k ---------------- 35' -o"---- ----------------~ I I I I

: I I I , Stilling basin---,, , , ,-Resting pool ,,---El. 3172.0 : : : : ,' :

SECTION ON t OF SPAWNING CHANNEL

YELLOWTAIL AFTERBAY DAM SPAWNING CHANNEL RECOMMENDED STILLING BASIN AND DIFFUSER CHAMBER

I: 8 SCALE MODEL

A. Headwater elevation 317 5. 0 Tailwater elevation 3167. 9

C. Headwater elevation 3192. 0 Tailwater elevation 3167. 9

B. Headwater elevation 3175. 0 Tailwater elevation 3169. 4

D. Headwater elevation 3192. 0 Tailwater elevation 3169. 4

YELLOWTAIL AFTERBAY DAM SPAWNING CHANNEL RECOMMENDED DESIGN DISCHARGING 100 CFS

1:8 SCALE MODEL

::Ol'tj Cl) ....

'O (IQ 0 ~ "1 "1 .... Cl)

::c: ..... «: 0 a. I

c.n NI c.n

A. Headwater elevation 317 5. 0 Tailwater elevation 3167. 9

C. Headwater elevation 3192. 0 Tailwater elevation 3167. 9

B. Headwater elevation 3175. 0 Tailwater elevation 3169. 4

D. Headwater elevation 3192. 0 Tailwater elevation 3169. 4

YELLOWTAIL AFTERBAY DAM SPAWNING CHANNEL RECOMMENDED DESIGN DISCHARGING 150 CFS

1:8 SCALE MODEL

::0 lzj Cl) .....

'O (IQ 0 i= :t ci lJ::1-'

'-< ...... 0. I

CJ1 1).:1 CJ1

7-1750 (111-64)

CONVERSION FACTORS-BRITISH TO METRIC UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

The t'ollowing conversion t'actors adopted by the Bureau 01' Reclamation are those published by the Amel'ican Society t'or Testing and Materials (.ASTM Metric Practice Guide, Janua:cy 1964) except that additional t'actors (*) CaDIIIODzy used 1D the Bureau have been added. Further discussion 01' definitions 01' quantities and units is given on pages 10-11 01' the .ASTM Metric Practice Guide.

The metric units and conversion t'actors adopted by the ASD.1 are based on the "International flystem 01' Units" (designated SI t'or flysteme International d 1Un1tes), t'ixed by the International Committee t'or Weights and Measures; this system is also knOwn as the Giorgi or MIIBA (meter-kilogram (mass)-second-empere) system. This system has been adopted by the International Organization t'or standardization 1D ISO RecCllllllendation R-.31.

The metric technical unit 01' t'orce is the kilogram-t'orce; this is the t'orce which, when applied to ab~ having a mass o1' l Ilg, gives it an acceleration 01' 9.80665 IJl/sec/sec, the standard acceleration 01' t'ree t'all toward the earth's center t'or sea level at 45 deg latitude. The metric unit 01' t'orce in SI units is the newton (N), which is defined as that t'orce which, when applied to ab~ having a mass 01' l kg, gives it an acceleration 01' l IJl/sec/sec. These units must be distinguished 1'rom the (inconstant) local weight o1' ab~ haviJJg a mass o1' l Ilg; that is, the weight 01' a ~ is that t'orce with which a b~ is attracted to the !IB1'th and is equal to the mass 01' a ~ multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity. However, because it is general practice to use "pound" rather than the technically correct term "pound-t'orce," the term "kilogram" (or derived mass unit) has been used 1D this guide instead 01' "kilogram­t'orce" in expressing the conversion t'actors t'or t'orces. The newton unit o1' t'orce will find increasing use, and is essential in SI units.

~

QIJANTITIES AND UNITS OF SPACE

llll.tiE!l !!l To obtain

LENGTH

Mil •• 25.4 (exMtly). • Micron Illohes 25.4 (enctly) ••• • lllll.1meters

2.54 cenc~i· • • Centimeters Feet. 30.48 (enc~ •• • Centimeters

0. 3048 ( enctly)* • • • Meters 0.0003048 (enc~)* • • Kilometers

Yards ••••• 0.9144 (enc~) • • Meters Miles (statute) . 1,609.3" (exactly)* • • Meters

l.609~ tenct!ll • Kilometers

.AREA

Square inches. 6.4516 (enc~) • • Square centimeters Square t'eet. 929.03 (exactly)* •• • Square centimeters

0,092903 (nactly) • Square meters Square yards 0.836127 •• • Square mters Acres •••• 0 .40J,69IJ • • • Hectares

4,046.9* •••• • Square meters 0 .0040469* • • Square kilometers

SQuare ml.lea 2.58999 •• • SQuare ld.lomaters

VOL'llMB

cubic inches 16.)871 •• • Cubic centillBters cubic t'eet • 0,0283168 • • cubic meters CUbic l!!'.!!s. 0,764555 •• • CUbic meters

CAPACITr

Fluid OUDCeS (U.S.) 29.5737 •• • cubic centimters 29.5729 •• • 11!.llili ters

Liquid pints (U.S.) o_.473179. • cubic decimters 0.473166. • Liters

Quarts (U.S.). 9,463.58 ••• • CUbic centimeters

Gallons (U.S.) 0.946358. • Liters

3,785.43* •• , CUbic centimters 3.78543 • • Cubic decillBters 3.78533 ••• • Liters 0.00378543* • • CUbic mters

Gallons (U .K.) 4,54609 • • Cubic decimters 4,54596 • • Liters

cubic t'set • 28.3160. • Liters Cubic yards 764.55* • • Liters Acre-f'eet. ., 1,233.5* • CUbic mters

• 1,233,500* • Liters

Multip:cy-

Grains (lh,000 lb) , , , Troy' ounces (480 grains), Ounces (avdp) , • , , Pounds (avdp) , , , , Short tans ( 2 ,ooo lb)

~

64. 79891 ( emat:cy-) , , 31,1035 ••••••• 28,349' • , , , , , , 0 ,453'9237 ( emat:cy-)

907.185 •• , 0, 907l85 ,

Lang tans (2,240 lb) .11016,05 ,

Pounds per square inch

Pounds per square foot

Ounces per cubic inch , , , Pounds per cubic foot , • •

Tans ( lm,g) per cubic p.rd •

Ounces per gallon (U,S,). Ounces per gallan (U.K.). Pounds per gallan (U,S,), Pounds per gallan (U ,K. ) •

Inch-pounds

Foot-pounds

Foot-pounds per inch 01lnc_e-inohea _,_

Feet per second

Feet per ;year • Ml.lea per hour

Feet.J!!!!: secg,dl!'

Cubic feet per second ( aecond-feat) , , , , •• , , , •••

Cubic feet per mimrte • • • , • Gallons (U ,s. ) per minute • • ,

FORCELAREA

O,fY'/0307 , 0,689476 • 4.88243 •

47,8803 •• MASS/VOLUME (DENSITY)

l.72999 • 16,018, , ·• ·0.0160185 l,32894, •

MASSLCAPACITY

7.4893 • 6,2362.

119,829 • 99.779 •

BENDING lllMENT OR TORQUE

~:~:fx'l<i6' 0,138255 ••• l,35'82 X 107 ,.4431 ••••

72.008 ••••

VELOCITY 30,48 (exact:cy-) •• 0,3048 (exact~* 0,965873 X lO , l,609344 (exact:cy-) o .µ,7ol. ( exactly}

~CELERATION* 0,3%8* •••

FLOW

0,028317*. 0,4719 •• 0,06309 •

~

QlIANTITIES AND UNITS OF MECHANICS

To obtain

• Milligrams , Grams ,Grams • Kilograms • Kilograms , Metric tans • Kilcp'81118

, Kilograms per square centimeter , Newtons per square centimeter • Kilograms per square meter , Newtons per square meter

Grams per cubic centimeter Kilograms per cubic meter Grams per cubic centimeter Grams per cubic centimeter

, <mlma per liter • Grams per liter , Grams per liter • Grams per liter

• Meter-kl.lograms , Centimeter~s • Meter-kl.lograma , Centimeter~a • Centimeter-ldlograma per centimeter .._ Gram-c_,m1;_imetera

, Centimeters per second , Matera per second , Centimeters per second • Kilmetera per hour • Matera per second

• Meters per aec«Ddl!'

• CUbic meters per second • Li tera per second • Li tera per second

llllltip:cy- By

PORCE*

Pounds 0.4,3592* ••• 4,4482* •••• 4,4482 X 10-5* •

WORK AND ENEDPX*

Bri tiah tbermal uni ta ( Btu) ,

Btu per pound,

, 0.252* , , , •• • l,05'.06 ••••••

Foot-pounds.

Horsepower • • Btu per hour • Foot-pounds per second

Btu in./hr rt2 deg F (k, thermal conductivity)

Btu ft/hr rt2 deg F , • , ,

Bt~m!~:~C'.~

Deg F hr ft2/Bt~ (R; ~~ resistance) • • • • • • • • ,

Btu/lb deg F (c, heat capacity). Btu/lb deg F • , , • , , , , , , Ft2/hr ( thermal diffUsivi ty)

Grains/hr ft2 ( water vapor trenamiaaian). , , • • •

Perms ( permeance) , , , , • i>erm-inches (permeability)

Multi& Cubic feet per square foot per

dq (seepage) , , , , • , • Pound-seconds per square foot

(viscosity). • , , , • , • • • , Square feet per second ( viscoai ty) Fahrenhei-t degrees (change)* • Volta per mil, • , •• , , , • Lumens per square foot ( foot-

candlea) Ohm-circular mils per foot Milliouriea per cubic foot Ml.lliampa per square foot Gallons per square ;yard Pounds per inch,

2 .326 ( exact:cy-). l,.2;i582* ·-·-·

POWER

74,.700 ••• 0,293071 • l,35582 •

~-T~FER

1,442 • 0.1240 • l,4880tt

0,568 4,882

1,761 4.1868 • l,000* • 0,2581 , , 0.09290* •

WATER VAPOR TRANSMISSION

16,7 • 0.659 l.67.

!!lli..lli. OTIIER Ql].ANTITIFS AND UNITS

~

304.8* •••

4.8824* •• , , • 0.02903* (emat:cy-) ,19 emat:cy-, 0,03937.

10.764 • 0,001662

35,3147* , 10,7639* •

4,527219* 0.17858* •

Kilograms Newtons !?a!S

To obtain

• Kilogram calories • Joules • JOllaa per gram _.__L~a

• Watts , Watts .._ Watts

• Milliwatts/cm deg C • Kg cal/hr m deg C ,KgcaluvhrmldegC

, Ml.lliwatta/cm2 deg C • Kg cal/hr ml deg C

• Deg C cm2/milliwatt • J/g deg C , Cal-/_gram deg C • cml/aec ~

, Grams/24 hr ml • Metric perms • Metric perm-centimeters

To obtain

, Liters per square meter per dq

, Kilogram second per square meter , Square meters per second • Celsius or Kelvin degrees (change)* , Kil.avol ta per millimeter

, Lumens per square meter , Ohm-square millimeters per D1ter • lllillicuriea per cubic m,ter , M:l.lliampa per square Dlter , Li tera per square meter , Kilcp'81118 per centimeter

GPO 845-237

ABSTRACT

Hydraulic model studies of the spawning channel stilling basin and diffuser chamber at Yellowtail Afterbay Dam in Montana resulted in the use of a slotted baffle near the intake conduit to provide satisfactory stilling ac­tion and good flow distribution. Flow enters the spawning channel through a 4-ft-dia intake conduit, passes through a stilling basin, and upward through a diffuser grating into the resting pool at the upstream end. Of the 150-cfs design flow, JO will be discharged through a 24-in. bypass pips to lower part of the fish ladder, 20 into the upstream end of the fish lad­der, and the rest into the spawning· channel. The slotted baffle diffuser was developed for the stilling basin to replace floor block and stepped end sill of the original design.. This provided a relatively stable water sur­face in the basin and good flow distribution from the diffuser chamber into the resting pool, so that flow into and through the pool was quiet. The modified stilling basin and diffuser chamber performed well for any possi­ble operating combination or head and tailwater. To quiet flow from the bypass pipe from main stilling basin before discharging it at right angles into the fish ladder, the bypass diffuser chamber was widened and a seawall-type cover was provided at the downstream end to reduce turbulence.

ABSTRACT

Hydraulic model studies of the spawning channel stilling basin and diffuser chamber at Yellowtail Afterbay Dam in Montana resulted in the use of a slotted baffle near the intake conduit to provide satisfactory stilling ac­tion and good flow distribution. Flow enters the spawning channel through a 4-ft-dia intake conduit, passes through a stilling basin, and upward through a diffuser grating into the resting pool at the upstream end. or the 150-cfs design flow, JO will be discharged through a 24-in, bypass pipe to lower part of the fish ladder, 20 into the upstream end of the fish lad­der, and the rest into the spawning channel. The slotted baffle diffuser was developed for the stilling basin to replace floor block and stepped end sill of the original design, This provided a relatively stable water sur­face in the basin and good flow distribution from the diffuser chamber into the resting pool, so that flow into and through the pool was quiet • The modified stilling basin and diffuser chamber performed well for any possi­ble operating combination of head and tail water. To quiet flow from the bypass pipe from main stilling basin before discharging it at right angles into the fish ladder, the bypass diffuser chamber was widened and a seawall-type cover was provided at the downstream end to reduce turbulence.

I ,:

I . I I I I ,I

I I I I I I I I I I

;1

,I

ABSTRACT

Hydraulic model studies ol' the spawning channel stilling basin and diffuser chamber at Yellowtail Afterbay Dam in Montana resulted in the use of a slotted baffle near the intake conduit to provide satisfactory stilling ac­tion and good flow distribution. Flow enters the spawning channel through a 4-ft-dia intake conduit, passes through a stilling basin, and upward through a diffuser grating into the resting pool at the upstream end. Of the 150-cfs design flow, JO will be discharged through a 24-in, bypass pipe to lower part of the fish ladder, 20 into the upstream end of the fish lad­der, and the rest into the spawning· channel. The slotted baffle diffuser was developed for the stilling basin to replace floor block and stepped end sill of the original design.. This provided a relatively stable water sur­face in the basin and good flow distribution from the diffuser chamber into the resting pool, so that flow into and through the pool was quiet. The modified stilling basin and diffuser chamber performed well for sny possi­ble operating combination of head and tailwater. To quiet flow from the bypass pipe from main stilling basin before discharging it at right angles into the fish ladder, the bypass diffuser chamber was widened and a seawall-type cover was provided at the downstream end to reduce turbulence.

ABSTRACT

Hydraulic model studies of the spawning channel stilling basin and diffuser chamber at Yellowtail Af'terbay Dam in Montana resulted in the use of a slotted baffle near the intake conduit to provide satisfactory stilling ac­tion and good flow distribution. Flow enters the spawning channel through a 4-t't-dia intake conduit, passes through a stilling basin, and upward through a diffuser grating into the resting pool at the upstream end. Of the 150-cfs design flow, JO will be discharged through a 24-in. bypass pipe to lower part of the fish ladder, 2fl into the upstream end of the fish lad­der, and the rest into the spawning channel. The slotted baffle diffuser was developed for the stilling basin to replace floor block and stepped end sill of the original design. This provided a relatively stable water sur­face in the basin and good flow distribution from the diffuser chamber into the resting pool, so that flow into and through the pool was quiet. The modified stilling basin and diffuser chamber performed well for sny possi­ble operating combination or head and tailwater. To quiet flow from the bypass pipe from main stilling basin before discharging it at right angles into the fish ladder, the bypass diffuser chamber was widened and a seawall-type cover was provided at the downstream end to reduce turbulence.

HYD-525 Beichley, G. L. HYDRAULIC M:lDEL STUDIES OF YELIDWfAIL AFTERBAY DAM SPAWNING CHANNEL STILLING BASIN AND DIFFUSER CHAMBER--Missouri River Basin Project, Montana Laboratory Report, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, 1964, 6 p, 1 tab, 11 fig

DESCRIPTORS-- *fish handling facilities/ fish/ fishwa:ys/ *diffusers/ water .,pressures/ flow meters/ *stilling basins/ *hydraulic models/ jets/ erosion/ conduits/ hydraulics/ hydraulic similitude/ laboratory tests/ flow control/ sea walls/ discharges/ research and development/ afterbays/ baffles/ model tests/ discharge measurements/ energy dissipation/ negative pressures IDENTIFIERS-- resting pools/ spawning channels/ diffuser chambers/ diffuser gratings/ rate-of-flow controllers/ bypass conduits/ Missouri River Basin ProJ/ Montana/ hydraulic design/ subatmospheric pressures

HYD-525 Beichley, G. L. HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES OF YELIDWfAIL AFTERBAY DAM SPAWNING CHANNEL STILLING BASIN AND DIFFUSER CHAMBER--Missouri River Basin Project, Montana Laboratory Report, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, 1964, 6 p, 1 tab, 11 fig

DESCRIPTORS--.,*fish handling facilities/ fish/ fishwa:ys/ *diffusers/ water pressures/ flow meters/ *stilling basins/ *hydraulic models/ Jets/ erosion/ conduits/ hydraulics/ hydraulic similitude/ laboratory tests/ flow control/ sea walls/ discharges/ research and development/ afterbays/ baffles/ model tests/ discharge measurements/ energy dissipation/ negative pressures IDENTIFIERS-- resting pools/ spawning channels/ diffuser chambers/ diffuser . gratings/ rate-of-flow controllers/ bypass conduits/ Missouri River Basin ProJ/ Montana/ hydraulic design/ subatmospheric pressures

HYD-525 Beichley, G. L. HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES OF YELIDWfAIL AFTERBAY DAM SPAWNING CHANNEL STILLING BASIN AND DIFFUSER CHAMBER--Missouri River Basin Project, Montana Laboratory Report, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, 1964, 6 p, 1 tab, 11 fig

· DESCRIPTORS-- *fish handling facilities/ flsh/ fishwa:ys/ *diffusers/ water .,pressures/ flow meters/ *stilling basins/ hydraulic models/ Jets/ erosion/ conduits/ hydraulics/ hydraulic similitude/ laboratory tests/ flow control/ sea walls/ discharges/ research and development/ afterbays/ baffles/ model tests/ discharge measurements/ energy dissipation/ negative pressures IDENTIFIERS-- resting pools/ spawning channels/ diffuser chambers/ diffuser gratings/ rate-of-flow controllers/ bypass conduits/ Missouri River Basin ProJ/ Montana/ hydraulic design/ subatmospheric pressures

HYD-525 Beichley, G. L. HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES OF YELIDWfAIL AFTERBAY DAM SPAWNING CHANNEL STILLING BASIN AND DIFFUSER CHAMBER--Missouri River Basin Project, Montana Laboratory Report, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, 1964, 6 p, 1 tab, 11 fig

DESCRIPTORS-- *fish handling facilities/ fish/ fishwa:ys/ *diffusers/ water .;pressures/ flow meters/ *stilling basins/ *hydraulic models/ Jets/ erosion/ conduits/ hydraulics/ hydraulic similitude/ laboratory tests/ flow control/ sea walls/ discharges/ research and development/ afterbays/ baffles/ model tests/ discharge measurements/ energy dissipation/ negative pressures IDENTIFIERS-- resting pools/ spawning channels/ diffuser chambers/ diffuser gratings/ rate-of-flow controllers/ bypass conduits/Missouri River Basin ProJ/ Montana/ hydraulic design/ subatmospheric pressures