What is 5G Fronthaul,Middlehaul,Backhaul?

5G network has three parts, Access Network, Bearer Network, and Core

Network. The access network is also Radio Access Network(RAN), which

is mainly composed of base stations.

Mobile communication architecture

So what does the base station include? The base station usually includes

BBU (mainly responsible for signal modulation), RRU (mainly responsible

for radio frequency processing), feeder (connecting RRU and antenna)

and antenna (mainly responsible for the conversion between the guided

wave on the cable and space wave in the air.

Each base station in 4G network has a BBU, which is directly connected to

the core network. In 5G networks, the access network is no longer

composed of BBU, RRU and antenna. Iit is reconstructed into the

following three functional entities: CU (centralized unit), DU (distributed

unit) and AAU (active antenna unit). The original 4G RRU and antenna are

combined into AAU, and BBU is divided into CU and DU. DU sank to AAU.

One CU can be connected to multiple DUs.

The 4G network has fronthaul and backhaul. But in the 5G network, it is

divided into three parts. The AAU connected to the DU is called 5G

Fronthaul. A part of the DU connected to the CU is Middlehaul, and the

backhaul is the communication carrier between the CU and the core

network.

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