Hybrid PropulsionFriday 18 February 2011

Andrew DuncanJim Anderson

Scottish GovernmentClimate Change Delivery Plan

Measures in the transport sector which will contribute to the delivery of the 34% Scottish target in 2020 include:

Improved energy efficiency of new ships

Public sector investment in new vessels for subsidised lifeline ferry services

Supporting the development of emissions reduction targets in shipping operations

By 2020, a 5-10% emissions reduction through technology measures and another 10% reduction through demand and fleet management

CLIMATE CHANGE DELIVERY PLANChapter 5: Transport Sector

Hybrid Passenger/Car Ferry

1: 8 Slipway

Hybrid Passenger/Car Ferry

Hybrid Passenger/Car Ferry

Main Dimensions

Length Overall 43.5m

Length between PP 39.6m

Breadth (moulded) 12.2m

Draught 1.6m

Capacities

Deadweight 140 tonnes

Cars 23

HGVs 2

Passengers 150

Crew 3/4

Speed 9 kts

Hybrid Passenger/Car Ferry

Model Tests

Trial Conditions, BF2Draught (m) PD (kW) N (rpm)1.60m 258.7 87.4

Service Speed 9.0 ktsRequired power and Propeller Revolutions at Design Draught:

Model Tests

Propulsion

Diesel MechanicalDiesel Electric

Hybrid

PROPELLER COMPT ENGINE ROOM PROPELLER COMPT

650 5 10 15 3020 25 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 75 80 85

PROPELLER UNIT

PROPELLER UNIT

MAIN ENGINE

MAIN ENGINE

GENERATOR GENERATOR

SW

ITC

HB

OA

RD

Diesel Mechanical

1-5%

6-10%

11-15%

16-20%

21-25%

26-30%

31-35%

36-40%

41-45%

46-50%

51-55%

56-60%

61-65%

66-70%

71-75%

76-80%

81-85%

86-90%

91-95%

96-100%

3%

24%

13%

5%

9%12%

10% 11%9%

0%3%

0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Sconser - Raasay RouteDaily Average Duty Cycle

Percentage of day at Power Range

Percentage of Available Power

Diesel Mechanical

ShoreSupply

M

PROP 1 PROP 2

M

DC Link

Ships Service

Ships Service

Ship's

ServiceShoreSupply

G1 G2 G3 G4

Emer Swbd

M2MM1

MProp 2MProp 1

395 kW0 – 615 RPM

395 kW0 – 615 RPM

375 kW 375 kW

DC Link

4 x 253kVA Generators 400V, 50Hz, 3ph

Cos Ø = 0.9

Diesel Electric

Diesel Mechanical 2 x 450kW EnginesMax Propulsion

Power 9 knots MAN PORT OVERNIGHT

DAILY HOURS 22.50% 3.46% 18.75% 55.29%

DAILY HOURS 5.4 h 0.83 h 4.5 h 13.27 h

SHAFT POWER 750 kW 258.7 kW 200 kW 60 kW

MAIN ENGINE POWER (MCR) 450 kW 450 kW 450 kW 450 kW

NUMBER CONNECTED 2 2 2 2

TOTAL INSTALLED ME POWER (MCR) 900 kW 900 kW 900 kW 900 kW

TOTAL ME POWER DEMAND 840kW 333 kW 224 kW 67 kW

MAIN ENGINE LOAD 86% 37 % 25 % 7 % Total

FUEL CONSUMPTION (litres/day)

509 litres/day 55 litres/day 128 litres/day

Estimated Total Fuel Consumption 692 litres/day

Fuel Calculations

Diesel Electric 4 x 240kW EnginesMax Propulsion

Power 9 knots MAN PORT OVERNIGHT

DAILY HOURS 22.50% 3.46% 18.75% 55.29%

DAILY HOURS 5.4 h 0.83 h 4.5 h 13.27 h

SHAFT POWER 750 kW 258.7 kW 200 kW 60 kW

MAIN ENGINE POWER (MCR) 240 kW 240 kW 240 kW 450 kW

NUMBER CONNECTED 4 2 2 1

TOTAL INSTALLED ME POWER (MCR) 960 kW 480 kW 480 kW 240 kW

TOTAL ME POWER DEMAND 900 kW 397 kW 277 kW 105 kW

MAIN ENGINE LOAD 92% 83 % 58 % 44 % Total

FUEL CONSUMPTION (litres/day)

527 litres/day 57 litres/day 119 litres/day 703 litres/day

Estimated Total Daily Fuel Consumption 703 litres/day

Fuel Calculations

Diesel Mechanical Diesel ElectricDaily Fuel Consumption 692 litres/day 703 litres/day

Engine load at 9knots 37% 83%Engine load during manoeuvring 25% 58%

Engine load at port 7% 44%

DM vs DE

ShoreSupply

M

PROP 1 PROP 2375 kW

M

DC Link

Ships Service

Ships Service

Battery Bank

350kWh

Ship's

ServiceShoreSupply

G1 G2 G3 G4

Emer Swbd

M2MM1

MProp 2MProp 1

395 kW0 – 615 RPM

395 kW0 – 615 RPM

375 kW 375 kW

4 x 253kVA Generators 400V, 50Hz, 3ph

Cos Ø = 0.9

DC LinkBatteryBank

350kWh

Serial Hybrid System

AC

DC

DC

AC

Battery

PropulsionMotor

)

ShoreSupply

Mode 1 - Generator

Mode 2 - Generator + BatteryMode 3 - BatteryMode 4 -

Battery charging

Hotel

Generator

VariableSpeedDrive

Modes of Operation

Greater redundancy

Reduce fuel consumption

Reduced impact of CO2 emissions and other pollutants

Uncertainty of future fuel costs

Insurance against increasing environmental regulation

Noise reduction

Possibility to operate in zero emission mode when vessel is at portLower maintenance

Reasons for Considering Hybrid Propulsion

Batteries

Lead Acid Lithium Ion

Depth of Discharge 50% 80%

Cycle life at 50% Depth of Discharge 1000 8000

>3000 @ 80% DoD

Energy Density 20 Wh/kg 100 Wh/kg

Charge Efficiency 60% 95-99%

Maintenance Maintenance required Maintenance Free

Lead Acid – Lithium Comparison

Aft Engine Room

Fwd Engine Room

G1 G3

G2 G4

Prop 2

M2

Con

vert

er

Mai

n S

witc

hboa

rd

Prop 1

M1

Con

vert

er

Aft Prop Room

Fwd Prop Room

Aft Battery Room

Bat

tery

Ban

k 2 B

atte

ry B

ank

1

Fwd Battery Room

Machinery Arrangement

Mar 2011• PQQ

Distribution

May 2011• PQQ Deadline

June 2011• PQQ

Evaluation

June 2011• Issue ITT

Aug 2011• ITT Deadline

Sep 2011• Complete

Tender Evaluation

Oct 2011• Award

Shipbuilding Contract

Procurement Process

Thank you for your attention