HW # 23- Cornell notes- due Tuesday from the book CH 14, section 1 p. 552-561 from the end of this power point

Warm upReview your levers packet.

Week 6, Day Three

Warm up Response

See

Homework Response/CheckShare two things that you learned from yesterday’s lab activity

Goals for Today• Quiz• Bill Nye• Read/Do Blood Bean Demo

Cornell NotesThe Body’s Transport System

Circulatory System Consists of…

• Blood Vessels

• Blood

• Heart

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Circulatory System-Carries needed substances to cells-Carries waste products away-Blood has cells that fight disease

Circulatory System

BLOOD VESSELS

Two Pathways

• Pulmonary Circulation– Carries blood to lungs and back

• Systemic Circulation– Carries blood to body and back

Capillaries of head and arms

Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs

Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary veinCapillaries of right lung

Superior vena cava Aorta Pulmonary artery

Capillaries of left lung

Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation

• 3 types of vessels– Arteries– Capillaries– Veins

Arteries:carries blood Away from heart

– Large– Thick-walled, Muscular– Elastic– Oxygenated blood

• Exception Pulmonary Artery– Carried under great pressure– Steady pulsatingArterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue

Capillaries

– Smallest vessel– Microscopic– Walls one cell thick– Nutrients and gases diffuse here

Veins:Carries blood to heart

– Carries blood that contains waste and CO2

• Exception pulmonary vein– Blood not under much pressure– Valves to prevent much gravity

pull

Venules: larger than capillaries

Varicose VeinsDamaged Valves in Veins

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Contractions of the heart = blood pressure

Valves in the heart prevent backflow of blood

Structure of Heart

• Four chambers – Two upper (Atria)

• Walls thinner• Less muscular

– Two lower (Ventricles)• Walls thicker• More muscular• Do more work

Circulatory System

•BLOOD

What is Blood?

• Blood Simulation

The Blood

• Body contains 4-6 L• Consists of

– Water– Red Blood Cells– Plasma– White blood cells and

platelets

Whole Blood Sample

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

Whole Blood Sample

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

Whole Blood Sample

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

Parts of the Blood

Oxygen in the Blood

• Hemoglobin, iron containing molecule

• Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungs

• Loses oxygen in areas low in oxygen (diffuses)

Carbon Dioxide in the Blood

• Hemoglobin carries CO2 also

• CO2 is a waste product of cellular work

• 70% of CO2 combines with water • The rest travels to the lungs

What does blood contain?

• 50% Water• 45% Erythrocytes• 4% Plasma with Substances• 1% Leukocytes + Platelets

Erythrocytes (RBC) (optional info)• Transporters of

– Oxygen– Carbon Dioxide

• RBC– Lack a nucleus– Contain hemoglobin– Disk-shaped

• RBC are produced in red bone marrow of

– ribs, – humerus, – femur, – sternum, and other long bones

• Lives for 120 days• Old RBC are destroyed in liver and

spleen

Leukocytes (WBC) (optional info)

• WBC fight infection– Attack foreign

substances• Less abundant• Large cells• Some live for months

– Most just a few days• Several types• ALL contain nuclei

Platelets

• PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood• Cell fragments• Produced in bone marrow• Short life span (1 week)• Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers)

– Form a web trapping blood cells

Blood Clotting

Break in Capillary Wall

Blood vessels injured.

Clumping of Platelets

Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..

Clot Forms

Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

Elaboration

• Blood Typing: To Clump or Not to Clump?

Blood Types

• Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion• Four Types

– A– B– AB– O

• Inherited from your parents

Blood Types

What happens when you mix blood types?

• Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens

• If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING

• Type O is the universal donor • Type AB is the universal acceptor

What Makes Our Blood Type?

Blood Type of Donor

A

B

AB

O

Blood Type of Recipient

A B AB O

Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion

Blood Transfusions

Rh Factor

• Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited– Rh+ (have antigen)– Rh- (NO antigen)

• Can cause complications in pregnancies– mother Rh- 1st baby Rh+ : blood mixes with

mother; mother’s body makes anti-Rh+ antibodies– 2nd Rh + body attacks baby– Now have medicine to prevent antibody

formation

Bloods Path Through the Heart

• Both Atria fill at same time

– Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body from vena cava

– Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary veins

• After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventricle

Both ventricles contract

Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs,

• against gravity, • through pulmonary arteries

Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood • out of heart through • aorta (largest vessel)

Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)

Control of the Heart(Nervous System) (optional information)

• Medulla oblongata regulates rate• Sensory cells stretch when too fast• Pressure drops when beat is too low

Heartbeat Regulation

• Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries (pulse)• Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of right

atrium• Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to contract• Triggers 2nd set of cells (AV Node)-base of the right

atrium to send message to ventricles, they contract• EkG – record of electrical changes in the heart

Your Blood: Fluid Transport(optional information)

• a Tissue• 50% water• 4% dissolved

substances

Liquid Portion Carries Blood cells– Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood cells)– Leucocytes (WBC - white blood

cells) Platelets (non cellular particles) Proteins– Enzymes – Hormones – Endocrine System Nutrients - Digestive System Gases - Respiratory System Inorganic salts