hvdc grids abb growth boards · 2018. 5. 10. · 125 km subsea and 75 km underground power...

© ABB Group October 28, 2010 | Slide 1

HVDC Grids for Integration of Renewable Power Sources EPRI’s HVDC & FACTS Conf. Oct. 28 - 29, 2010, Palo Alto, CA

Magnus Callavik, ABB Grid Systems / HVDC


Outline

HVDC Light technologies

Renewable applications

Multi-terminal HVDC and DC-grids


Core HVDC technologies from ABB

AC DC

HVDCHVDC

Indoor

Outdoor

IGBT ValvesIGBT Valves

AC

HVDCHVDC

DC

--VSCVSC--VSCVSC

Indoor

Outdoor

IGBT ValvesIGBT Valves

HVDC Classic operation experience from 1954 Current source converters Line-commutated thyristor valves Requires 50% reactive compensation (35% HF) Converter transformers Minimum short circuit capacity > 2x converter rating, > 1.3x with capacitor commutated converter (CCC)

HVDC Light operation experience from 1999 Voltage source converters (VSC) Cascaded two level converters Self-commutated IGBT valves Requires no reactive power compensation (~0-15% HF as required) Virtual generator at receiving end: P,Q Standard transformers Weak system, black start Radial wind outlet regardless of type of wind T-G, off-shore or isolated U/G or OVHD

Indoor

Outdoor

Thyristor ValvesThyristor Valves

Indoor

Outdoor

Thyristor ValvesThyristor Valves

AC DC

HVDCHVDC--CSCCSC

AC FiltersAC Filters

DC FiltersDC FiltersConverter Converter

TransformersTransformers

AC DC

--

AC FiltersAC Filters

DC FiltersDC FiltersConverter Converter

TransformersTransformers

AC Filter (if needed)


HVDC by ABB Let our experience work for you

56 HVDC Classic Projects since 195414 HVDC Classic Upgrades since 199114 HVDC Light Projects since 1997

TrollNelson River 2

CU-project

Vancouver Island Pole 1

Pacific Intertie

Pacific Intertie Upgrading

Pacific Intertie ExpansionIntermountain

Blackwater

Rio Madeira

Inga-Shaba

Brazil-Argentina Interconnection I&II

English ChannelDürnrohrSardinia-Italy

Highgate

Châteauguay

Quebec- New England

Skagerrak 1-3

Konti-Skan Baltic Cable

FennoSkan 1&2

Kontek

SwePol

ChaPad

Rihand-Delhi

Vindhyachal

SakumaGezhouba-Shanghai

Three Gorges-Shanghai

Leyte-LuzonBroken Hill

New Zealand 1&2

Gotland Light

Gotland 1-3

Murraylink

Eagle Pass

Tjæreborg

Hällsjön

Directlink

Cross Sound

Italy-GreeceRapid City

Vizag II

Three Gorges-Guandong

Estlink

Valhall

Cahora Bassa

SapeiSquare Butte

Sharyland

Three Gorges-Changzhou

Outaouais

Caprivi Link

Hülünbeir- Liaoning

Lingbao II Extension

Xiangjiaba-Shanghai

BorWin1

NorNed

Apollo Upgrade

EWIP

IPP Upgrade

Itaipu

DolWin1


HVDC Light Generation 4: Evolution since 1997 Maintained functionality, availability and reliability

Reduce losses Increase capacity

Compactness 150 x 100 m 320 kV, 1000 MW

Gen. 1

Gen. 2

Gen. 3

Gen. 4

HVDC Classic

HVDC Light

0,0%

0,5%

1,0%

1,5%

2,0%

2,5%

3,0%

3,5%

1995 2000 2005 2010 20150

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

MW

Gen. 1

Gen. 2

Gen. 3

Gen. 4

Losses

Capacity

Recent : Dolwin 1 800 MW, 320 kV 2 x 165 km cable system


HVDC Light Generation 4 Features

Excellent controllability Active Power control AC-voltage Control Reactive Power Control Black start Fast recovery after AC network faults Frequency control Emergency power control ……..

Compact foot-print Low losses, approximately 1 % per

converter Short delivery time


150 m220 m

HVDC Light Generation 4 Station layout 2 x 1000 MW 320 kV


HVDC Light Gen 4: Low Losses, No Filters Required Cascaded Two-Level Converter (CTLC)

CTL converter voltage Two-level converter voltage

1 Cell

+ Ud

- Ud


HVDC Light Generation 4. Converter Valve Design Cell Main Components: IGBT:s and Capacitors

Double Cell

1

2

35

36

+

- 1- 8

1- 8

1- 8

1- 8

2.2 x 2.0 x 1.6 m3000 kg


HVDC Light Generation 4 Press pack semiconductor concept – the only way

Semiconductors tailor made for transmission applications: safety, quality, operation mode

Safe short circuit failure mode – i.e. required for safe operation of VSC for continued operation after failure of IGBT.

Integrated Press Pack diodes that withstand pole-to-pole Short circuit.

No risk for explosion or electrical arcing at failure.

No need for auxiliary equipment or mechanisms.


Key Renewable Energy Alternatives Located at remote locations and off-shore

Hydro Wind Solar

Increase the use of renewable energy:

Reduce our CO2 emissions

Reduce our dependence on fossil energy

Hugh drivers for new transmission!


Hydropower resources of about 500 GW available Transmission distance 2,000-3,000 kilometers

120 GW

50 GW

50 GW300 GW


Customer’s need Optimize the production system in

Northern Europe

Combine production systems in Scandinavia and northern Europe with 580 km long submarine HVDC cable with 700 MW rating

Benefits Increased security of supply in both

markets

Sharing of balancing power

Improved power market

Emissions reduced by 1.7 million tons/year

Data 450 kV, 700 MW, 2x580-km cable system

Low losses 3.7%

NorNed Example The world’s longest underwater cable

Customer: Statnett and TenneT

Year of commissioning: 2008


Global cumulative wind power capacity 1990-2007 (MW)

EWEA’s 20 year offshore network development plan North Sea Grid

Source: EWEA (European Wind Energy Association) 2009. 2030 EWEA Offshore grid vision

140 GW Global Wind Installed 2009. Growth 2009 + 40 GW


Wind power projects in the North Sea For connection in Germany

1

3 4

5

678

9 10

18

17

16

15

14

1211

192221

20

24

25

23

26

Borkum1st row

Helgolan d

2nd row

Helgoland1st row

2

13

27 28

31

32

33 34

30

35

?

?

OWP in VergabeOWP und Trasse gen.OWP genehmigtOWP beantragtOWP-Projekt ruht

OWP vergeben

29

Borkum2nd row

1 ALPHA VENTUS / DOTI 2 Amrumbank West3 Austerngrund4 Bard Offshore I5 Borkum Riffgat6 Borkum Riffgrund I7 Borkum Riffgrund II8 Borkum Riffgrund West I9 Borkum Riffgrund West II

10 Borkum West II11 Butendiek

12 Dan-Tysk13 Deutsche Bucht14 ENOVA North Sea Windpower III15 GlobalTech I16 Gode Wind17 Godewind II18 Hochsee Windpark Nordsee19 Hochsee WP "He dreiht„20 Hochsee Testfeld Helgoland21 Meerwind Ost22 Meerwind Süd23 MEG Offshore I24 Nordergründe25 Nördlicher Grund26 Nordsee-Ost (Amrumbank)27 OWP Delta Nordsee28 OWP Delta Nordsee II29 OWP West30 Sandbank 2431 Sandbank 24 Erw.32 Uthland33 Ventotec Nord 134 Ventotec Nord 235 Weiße Bank

Total of 39 GW off-shore wind planned in UK waters only triggers £15 B in grid investment


BorWin1, offshore wind in Germany The world’s largest offshore wind park in operation

Customer’s need 125 km subsea and 75 km underground

power connection operational in 24 months

Robust grid connection

ABB’s response Turnkey 400 MW HVDC Light system

Customer’s benefits Environmentally friendly power transport

Reduce CO2 emissions by 1.5 million tons per year by replacing fossil-fuels

Supports German wind power development

Customer: transpower Year of commissioning: 2010


DolWin1 Offshore Wind Power Connector 800 MW, ±320 kV DC

165 km long subsea and underground power connection to offshore wind farm

Robust grid connection

Turnkey 800 MW HVDC Light system

First ± 320 kV extruded cable delivery

Invisible, sustainable transmission

Low losses and high reliability

Reduce CO2 emissions by 3 million tons per year replacing fossil-fuel generation

Supports German wind power

14th HVDC Light project, 4th with wind, 4th offshore, proven black start

Customer: transpower Year of commissioning: 2013


Solar energy from deserts 90 percent of people live within 2,700 km of a desert

Source: DESERTEC 2008

Surface of Sahara9 million km2

Area needed to produce all

European electricity18 000 km2

Area needed for all world energy 650 000 km2


Hydro power

Solar power

Wind power

DC transmission

99LFC0825

Wind300 GW

25 000 km sq5000 x 10 km

Hydro200 GW

Europe 20XX Scenario ABB’s DC grid vision already in the 1990’s

Solar700 GW

8000 km sq90 x 90 km

Cables (Solar)140 pairs of5 GW and

3000 km each


Key wind locations

Regulating hydro

Large scale PV

Copyright Power Circle

Why do we need a stronger grid? 35% Renewable Wind & Solar integrated by a Pan-European Super Grid and supported by distributed demand side participation


Statnett

DC Grids are popular in the public debate Supergrid initiatives are competing for attention

wind-energy-the-facts.org mainstreamrp.com pepei.pennnet.com

Statnett

wikipedia/desertec

claverton-energy.com

Desertec-australia.org


USA: Examples of proposed new power lines & renewable energy resources

Source: NREL, G Washington University, N.Y. Times

Off-shore wind

On-shore wind

Solar


Why DC Grids?

Significant loss reduction

Increased power capacity per line/cable vs. AC

Stabilized AC & DC grid operation

Less visual impact and lower electromagnetic fields

Easier acceptance of new DC projects if lines can be tapped

DC = only solution for subsea connections > 60 km

Connection of asynchronous AC Networks

Circumvent right of way limitations

Technology required for visions like Desertec & North Sea Offshore Grid


What is a DC grid?

A DC electricity grid that can operate:

Independent of one or several disturbances (isolate a failure)

In different operation modes in the connected AC- & DC-systems

Technology gaps for the full realization includes:

DC breaker

Power flow control

Automatic network restoration

High voltage DC/DC converters

Global rules/regulations for operation required for market acceptance


DC grids- Where do we stand today

Vision: A system that that can operate independent of one or several disturbances

Available (HQ delivery in the 90s): 3-node multi-terminal DC grid that goes out of operation when disturbed, i.e. one protection zone


DC Grid Advantages: Reduce number of AC/DC converters in a grid with high penetration of HVDC

Point-to-point HVDC transmission Today: Scattered point-to-point connections Future: HVDC-point-to-point covering whole regions

HVDC Grid example: only ¼ converter stations needed


HVDC evolution towards a DC grid

Connection of asynchronous AC

Networks

Point-2-Point Power in-feed Tapping DC-grid

Tapping-off from long-distance DC-

transmissions

Strengthening the combined

AC and DC grid

Redundancy

Connection of remote

renewables


Existing palette to gain experience from Some examples

The multi-terminal Québec - New England transmission link (three terminals), in service since 1992

The worlds longest subsea cable in the 700 MW NorNed transmission project, in service since 2008

The 400 MW BorWin1 offshore wind HVDC Light connection

The 500 MW East West Interconnector transmission link, in operation 2012

Several multi-terminal HVDC transmission systems currently in development phase


Examples of Installed HVDC Breaker Technologies

Passive Resonance Breaker Arc negative resistance causes

current oscillations over the capacitor, resulting in current zero crossings

Classic HVDC dc-neutral switchyards

Speed and voltage rating to be improved for grid applications

Semiconductor Breaker Very fast interruption < 1ms

On-state losses a drawback

10 kV pilot in Hällsjön, Sweden


Summary

HVDC Light technology is mature and available for renewable connections

Regional DC grids with one protection zone can be built today – no technology gaps to be solved

Interregional DC grids will be built in the near future. Technology gaps are worked on

Regulatory issues such as how to manage such new grids need to be solved

HVDC Light Generation 4 Artists view

BorWin1 Off-shore platform

hvdc grids abb growth boards · 2018. 5. 10. · 125 km subsea and 75 km underground power...

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