8/8/2019 hungerandfood (1)

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The proportion of households with food intake perperson that is less than hundred-percent dietary energyrequirement was 69.4 percent in 1993 (see figure above).This figure decreased to 56.9 percent in 2003, represent-ing a decline of 1.25 percent each year. The target is tobring down this indicator to 34.7 percent in 2015. Thisrequires an annual decline of 1.85 percent from 2003forward. To achieve this, the progressive approach must beapplied to the regions exceeding 56.9 percent of which,there are eight, namely, CALABARZON, Bicol Region (Region5), Central Visayas (Region 7), Eastern Visayas (Region 8),

Zamboanga Peninsula, Northern Mindanao (Region 10),SOCSARGEN (Region 12), and the ARMM.

Concerning the prevalence of underweight preschool-ers, the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) conducted by theFood and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) showed adecline from 30.6 percent in 2001 to 26.9 percent in 2003(see Figure 3). This declined further to 24.6 percent in2005. The target by 2015 is 17.25 percent, which requiresan annual decline of 0.74 percent. If the rate of declinebetween 2001 and 2005 of 1.5 percent each year can be

maintained, the likelihood ofmeeting the 2015 target is high.To accelerate the decline, aprogressive approach must beapplied to the 10 regions with

proportion of underweight chil-dren exceeding the nationalaverage, e.g., Ilocos Region,MIMAROPA (Region 4-B), BicolRegion, Western Visayas(Region 6), Central Visayas,Eastern Visayas, Zamboanga

Peninsula, Northern Mindanao(Region 10), SOCSARGEN, andARMM.

Consistent with genderequality, proper nutrition is criticalfor women during pregnancy andlactation, both for their ownhealth and for their children to have the best possibleIt is estimated that 28.4 percent of pregnant womenutritionally at-risk in 2005, based on the weight-for-

index. In addition, about 40 percent of pregnant wwere anemic, with even higher levels of 50 perceover in some provinces in Mindanao in 2006.

The diet of pregnant women was also foundgrossly inadequate, with 78.4 percent adequacy lecalories and low micronutrient levels. These conincrease the risk of both maternal mortality and the dof low-birth weight infants. The latter, in turn, are arisk of dying within their first year or of becoming nourished in their pre-school years.

Winning the War vs. HungerThe AHMP or the Accelerated HungerMitigation Plan aims to intervene in boththe supply side or the production of food;

and the demand side, or the means ofpeople to obtain sufficient food.

Accordingly, the program’s strategies onthe supply side are: (a) the production ofmore food; and (b) the enhancement oflogistics and food delivery. For the de-mand side, the strategies are: (a) genera-tion of income and employment; (b)promotion of good nutrition; and (c) themanagement of the population.

Many of the projects included in theAHMP are already being implemented.For the supply side, there is the Food forSchool Program of the Department ofHealth (DOH). This is an immediate inter-vention that provides a daily ration of onekilo of rice to families of Grade 1 pupils,preschool and daycare center chi ldren. In2006, about 294,172 day care childrenand 609,252 Grade 1 children benefitedfrom the program.

Another program is the Tindahan Natin(TN) Project of the National Food Author-ity and the Department of Social Workand Development (DSWD). A “tindahan”sells low-priced but good quality rice andnoodles and can serve 250 families. Asof December 2006, there were already2,394 TNs in operation, translating to598,500 families served.

There is also the Gulayan ng Masa, orbackyard gardening, as well as the Baran-gay Food Terminal program of the Depart-ment of Agriculture – both of which aim

to provide alternative foodsources.

The DSWD also maintains theSelf-Employment Assistance – Kaunlaran (SEA-K) program.Since 1997, 12,496 SEA-KAssociations consisting of280,698 families were givenseed capital worth PhP1.2 billionto finance micro- and small-scale liveli-hood programs. Of these, 773 SEA-Kprojects worth PhP72 million served15,400 families in 2006.

In the area of nutrition, the DOH NationalNutrition Center has embarked on aninformation and advocacy program,including the development, printing anddissemination of nutrition-related com-munication materials. The DOH, in part-nership with the local government units(LGUs), has also been promoting respon-sible parenthood to encourage familyplanning.   Moreover, thePhilippine Re-sponsible Parenthood Program (PRPP)was revised to highlight natural familyplanning, breastfeeding and birth spacingto aid the government’s population pro-gram.

The government’s support of micro, smalland medium enterprises (MSMEs) isanother step in this direction and isaimed at promoting job creation.   FromJuly 2004 to September 2006, a total of2.152 million MSMEs were establishednationwide, requiring the release ofPhP76.21 billion in loan assistance.

Various government and private organiza-

tions reported that 801,462 newwere created through the microsubsector during the past two (Source: http:/ / www.neda.gov.ph/ depdf_files/ hunger%20mit igation.pdf )

The  Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipinogram (4Ps) is a poverty reduction asocial development  strategy of thtional Government that provides  tional cash grants to extremely poohouseholds  to improve their heanutrition and education particularly

children aged 0-14.

4Ps has dual objectives:   Socitance- to provide cash assistancepoor to alleviate their immediate(short term poverty alleviationSocial Development- to break thgenerational poverty cycle throughments in human capital.

4P Projects include the ConditionaTransfers, Child Nutrition ProMaternal Health Programs, DMitigation and Preparedness andothers. 4P still runs to the preseministration.

is the most commonly used term to de-scribe the social condition of people (or organisms)who frequently experience, or live with the threat ofexperiencing, the physical sensation of desiring food.

is a general term for a condition causedby improper diet or nutrition, and can occur in con-junction with both under and over consumption ofcalories.

is a widespread scarcity of food that mayapply to any fauna species, which phenomenon isusually accompanied by regional malnutrition, star-vation, epidemic, and increased mortality.

describes a "state of exhaustion of thebody caused by lack of food." This state may precededeath.

is the area of public policy concerning

the production, distribution, and consumption of

food. It consists of the setting of goals for food pro-

duction, processing, marketing, availability, access,

utilization and consumption, as well as the processes

for achieving these goals. The policy may be set on

any level from local to global.

Writ ten Report / Handout / Reviewer prepared by Gen Gasatan, Eloisa Hamto, and Justi n Herrera 

i s a n I n -dian economist who was awardedthe 1998 Nobel Prize in EconomicSciences for his contributionsto welfare economics and socialchoice theory, and for his interest inthe problems of society’s poorestmembers. Sen was best known forhis work on the causes of famine,which led to the development ofpractical solutions for preventing orlimiting the effects of real or per-

ceived shortages of food.was

a British scholar, influentialn political economy anddemography. Malthus has

become widely known for histheories concerning popula-tion and its increase or de-crease in response to variousfactors. The six editions ofhis An Essay on the Principle of Population , published from1798 to 1826, observed thatsooner or later populationg e t s   c h e c k e dby famine and disease.

“I think I may fairly make two postulata. First, that food is neces- sary to the existence of man . Secondly, that the passion between 

the sexes is necessary and will remain nearly in its present state . These two laws, ever since we have had any knowledge of 

mankind, appear to have been fixed laws of our nature, and, as we have not hitherto seen any alteration in them, we have no right to 

conclude that they will ever cease to be what they now are, without 

an immediate act of power in that Being who first arranged the system of the universe, and for the advantage of his creatures, still executes, according to fixed laws, all its various operations. Assum- ing then my postulata as granted, I say, that the power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsis- 

tence for man. Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical r atio .” 

HUN GER AN D FOOD POLICY

TheFood and Agriculture Organization of the United

Nations is a specialised agency of the United Na-

tions that leads international effort s to defeat

hunger. Serving both developed and developing

countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all

nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements

and debate policy. FAO is also a source of knowledge and informa-

tion, and helps developing countries and countries in transitionmodernise and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices,

ensuring good nutrit ion and food security for all. It s Latin motto, f iat

panis, translates into English as "let there be bread"