humanistic psychotherapy and counseling ppt
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HUMANISTIC THERAPIES AND COUNSELING
Presented to
Dr. Amina Muazzam
Presented by
Aamna Haneef
4403
Lahore College for Women University, Lhr
COUNSELING IN HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
What is Humanistic Psychology?
• The humanistic approach in psychology developed as a rebellion against what some psychologists saw as limitations of the behaviorist and psychodynamic psychology. The humanistic approach is thus often called the “third force” in psychology after psychoanalysis and behaviorism (Maslow, 1968).
• Laid importance on the study of whole person
• Rather than studying personality parts, such as ego, super ego etc.
• Freedom to choose
Why need for Humanism?
Offered a new set of values for an understanding of human nature condition
Humanistic school is an intensely optimistic one
Offers the individual the chance to take control of his or her life
Origins
• The phenomenological tradition• The existential tradition• Self-actualization• Social influence• Personal Construct Theory(PCT)• Eastern philosophy
Egalitarianism?
Choice of the term client bythe therapist
Common assumptions of Humanistic Theories and
Therapies• View of the person• Freedom to choose• Focus on subjective reality• Therapist qualities• Emotions• Freedom-choice-
Responsibility• Meaning
Core Conditions
Variety of other concepts
Experience
Reality
The Organism’s Actualizing Tendency
The Non-Directive Attitude
The internal frame of reference
The Self, Concept of Self, and Self-Structure
• Symbolization
• Psychological Adjustment or Maladjustment
The Fully Functioning
Person
Theory of Dysfunction
Inner conflict and Anxiety-Need for
Counseling
Discrepancy between one’s own and others’ expectation
individuals accept the values of others
to gain positive regardthose values are internalized
and become part of the personality
behaves or thinks in ways inconsistent with
those introjected values
person loses self-esteem and suffers
anxiety
Psychotherapy and Counseling
Humanism vs. Existentialism…
Humanism and Existentialism BOTH:Respect for client’s experience and trust in
clients ability to changeBelieve in freedom, choice,
values, personal responsibility
autonomy, meaning
Humanism vs. Existentialism…
Humanism Clients do not suffer from
anxiety in creating an identity
Clients need to believe that they have the natural potential to actualize
Existentialism Clients come into
counseling because they are facing anxiety in trying to construct an identity in a world without intrinsic meaning
Client-centered Therapy
Other contributors
• Illuminated, refined, interpreted or expanded upon by Schlien (1984), Bozarth (1990), Brodley (1990) and Mearns (1996).
• Cross cultural relevance has been queried (Holdstock 1990, 1993) and demonstrated (Morotomi 1998).
• Application to the arena of creative therapies has been explored and explained by Rogers (1985), Silverstone (1994) and Wilkins (1994).
Theoretical PropositionsBasic human tendency is toward maintaining and
enhancing the experiencing self—or self actualization
Assumed the cause of disorder/Problem : blocked self actualization
Goal: gap between perceived self and ideal self; increase self-acceptance, inner direction, and support personal growth
Goal: “releasing of an already existing capacity in a potentially competent individual, not the expert manipulation of a more or less passive personality”
The client . . .not immediately capable for therapeutic process
Threatened by labeled
counseling setting, abnormal
self conscious, hurt
ashamed of looked upon
disclosing and dist- treated with urbed self concept little respect
The Counselor . . . • Facilitate the client• Enter the subjective,
personal world of the client• open communication• important qualities: genuineness, empathy
and unconditional positive regard
The stages of CounselingIn successful counseling, the client moves from fixity to changeableness, from rigid structure to flow, from stasis to process (Rogers, 1958).
Stage I: blocked internal communication
Stage II: Self-acceptance by client
Stage III: Beginning to recognize contradictions in experience.
Stage IV: Disclosure of personal experiences with caution/restrictively
Stage V: Feelings are expressed freely
The stages of Counseling (Cont.)
Stage VI: “physiological loosening” such as moistness in the eyes, tears, sighs or muscular relaxation, accompanies the open expression of feelings
Stage VII: Personal growth and trust on counselor with readiness to change and actualize.
Rogers (1959) described specifically some of the changes he expected successful counseling to produce:• The person comes to see himself differently.• He accepts and his feelings more fully.• He becomes more self-confident and self-directing.• He becomes more the person he would like to be.• He becomes more flexible and less rigid in his perceptions.• He adopts more realistic goals for himself. • He behaves in a more mature fashion.• He changes his maladaptive behavior, even such a long established
one as chronic alcoholism.• He became more acceptant of others.• He becomes more open to the evidence, both to what is going on
outside of himself, and to what is going on inside himself.• He changes his basic personality characteristics in constructive
ways.
Other Therapies
• Gestalt therapy• Transactional Analysis (TA)• Motivational Interviewing Theory• Body centered therapies• Expressive art therapies
Blends, integrations and in-betweeners
Does humanistic
Psychotherapy work?
Some details of related concepts
Self-image
Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy
Congruence
Existential contributors
Soren Kierkegaard – Introduced existentialism
Martin Heidegger – authenticity
Mutual contributors
Martin Buber
James Bugental
Alvin Mahrer
Rollo May
Eastern philosophy
• Bhuddism• Taoism• Yin-yang • Sufism• Tantra