HUMAN TRAFFICKINGor

TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS (TIP)

The United States’ Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 defines "severe forms of trafficking in persons" as:

Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age, OR

The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to

involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage or slavery

incidence (incl costs)

1. First, people in forced labor situations receive wages that are lower, sometimes far lower, than the market rate. Long hours of overtime work may go unpaid or underpaid. Also, victims may be overcharged for their housing, food and other items.

2. The second major cost mainly involves human trafficking. It includes the money that workers pay to be taken to another country.

3. 2005, the labor agency estimated that more than twelve million people were in some form of forced labor. About two and a half million cases were the result of trafficking.

4. Around fifty-six percent of people in forced labor are women and girls. Forty to fifty percent are under the age of eighteen.

http://www.voanews.com/learningenglish/home/a-23-2009-06-07-voa2-83141547.html?renderforprint=1

Policy History - name, date, major issues addressed

Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) of 2003Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) of 2005

The William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) of 2008

How Successful Is TVPRA?

(1) protect victims by providing benefits and services;(2) investigate and prosecute human trafficking crimes;

(3) prevent further trafficking- related crimes.

Goals Criteria Status Quo Alt. 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 3

Efficiency ProtectionProsecutionPrevention

Victim ID, Prosecution, Sent Suppliers ID, Prosecution, Sent

Buyers ID, Prosecution, Sent

Effectiveness Reduce supplyReduce demand

Lowering rates of incidents High prosecution rates with stiff

penalties as disincentives and confiscation of profits

Reduction of financial gains

Equity Intnl & domestic victims

TreatmentSocial benefit exceeds social

cost

Victim treatment; victim restitutionSupply side

prosecution/confiscation of profits and sentencing

Demand side prosecution and sentencing

Feasability Resources assistance programs

(ngo's)

Cost Benefit Analysis ?$30,500,000 in appropriations

2006/07 each FY issued in grants to

organizations$20,000,000 2007 and beyond from the budgets of

three separate departments Statistical data?Rate of success?

Future placement and tracking?

Sustainability Vigilance Accurate data recordingCost v Benefit

International support and integration

Educational effortsDecline in supply

Decline in demandAnnual Reports

Matrix of current policy + 2 or 3 policy options

Recommendations pro/con of options ?

Conclusion

No Standardized Way Of Gathering DataNo Central Data Repository

No Standardized For Evaluating Data

Chocolate: As more and more chocolate companies begin to introduce greater responsibility into their production, finding slave-free chocolate is getting easier. However, the candy isle at the grocery store is still covered with chocolate from companies like Hershey and Nestle who have no supply chain transparency.

Strawberries: Strawberries are a valuable crop which is difficult to harvest, making migrant workers in the strawberry industry extremely vulnerable to exploitation and slavery. When strawberries are in season, you may be able to find them picked near you. It doesn't guarantee a slave-free berry, but it avoids feeding the industry in California and Central America where much of the trafficking has been found.

Poultry: Processing poultry is a gross and dirty job, which means it is often left to undocumented workers. And lack of oversight of poultry factories puts these workers at risk of trafficking. There was even a recent case of disabled workers being enslaved in a turkey processing plant for years.

Sugar:The slavery on sugar cane plantations in the Caribbean never quite went away. Slaves grow and harvest sugar in Caribbean, Africa, and Central America. Some grocery stores may carry Fair Trade or ethically-sourced sugar, but you might have to seek out a specialty store in some areas.

Introduction (definition) with incidence (incl costs)Brief Policy History - name, date, major issues addressedBrenda:Matrix of current policy + 2 or 3 policy optionsAmber:Recommendations

pro/con of optionsConclusion