human trafficking: modern day slavery › si › 2015 › pdf › 0626 mr. friedman hku... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
ISIS and Boko Haram
Slavery Handbook Question 13: Is it permissible to have intercourse with a female slave who has not reached puberty? It is permissible to have intercourse with the female slave who hasn’t reached puberty if she is fit for intercourse; however, if she is not fit for intercourse, then it is enough to enjoy her without intercourse.
4
Slave Boats
Sweat Shops
Domestic Servitude
Fact: 5.5 million women and girls
Rohingya
Conflict Zones
Domestic Servitude
What about our children?
Fact: 5.5 million
children
Definition: The Changing Paradigm
The act…
• Recruitment • Transportation • Harboring
By means of…
• Threats • Use of force • Abduction • Fraud • Deception
For the Purpose of Exploitation
Trafficking and children (age<18) Trafficking Adults (age>18) UN Definition
Slavery Markers
Withholding Wages Restricted movement
Physical and sexual violence
Retention of identify documents
Threats to self or family
Debt and other forms of bondage
Human Trafficking = Slavery
Slavery
Human Trafficking Outcome
Forced Labor
Slavery Child Labor
Paradigm Change
No pay or prospect of pay
Low or unfair pay
Fair pay
Payment Continuum
Excessive, unfair debt used to hold a person
in place
Debt compounded by unfair fees/practices
Legitimate debt
Debt
Restricted movement at all times
Limited movement Can come and go
at will
Freedom of movement
Abuse/threats used to hold a person in place
Some threats/abuse No threats/abuse
Abuse/Threats (real or perceived)
PAY
CONTROL
The Numbers
There are 35,800,000 Slaves!
More than the populations of the following countries:
Canada: 35.7 million
Or
More than the combined total of the smallest 100 countries
Global Ranking: Slavery Index
Asia 23,542,800 66 percent
11.3 Million slaves between 1450 and
1900 (450 years)
Historical Perspective
Top ten Summary
Top 10 countries:
• India • China • Pakistan • Uzbekistan • Russia • Nigeria • Congo • Indonesia • Bangladesh • Thailand
69%
Percentage of Overall Population
74%
26% Adults versus Children
Adults
Children
76%
24%
Forced Labor versus Forced Prostitution
Forced Labour
Sex Industry
60 percent of the cases are associated with product
supply chains (the items we all buy)
Breakdown of Figures (ILO)
This means millions of slaves
7 million new slaves per year
19,200 new slaves per day
800 new slaves per hour
1 new slave every 5 seconds
Rate of Exploitation
Hong Kong
• Slavery Index figure: –13,400 Victims (recent
estimate)
– Sex industry and among domestics
UK, EUR
Middle East
USA
NE Asia (Taiwan, Korea, etc.)
Sex
Labor
Both
WHERE DO PEOPLE GET TRAFFICKED
TO?
Two Forms of Trafficking: Local and International
US, Europe, Middle
East, Australia,
etc
Country of
Origin
Number Country of Origin Number Country of Origin Number Country of Origin Number
Lithuania 116 Cameroon 10 Rwanda 3 Guinea 1
Nigeria 87 Vietnam 8 Turkey 3 Hong Kong 1
Albania 75 Sierra Leone 8 Côte d'Ivoire 2 Iran 1
Thailand 54 Sri Lanka 7 Ethiopia 2 Israel 1
China 52 Kosovo 7 Mauritius 2 Kazakhstan 1
Romania 40 Jamaica 7 Mongolia 2 Mauritania 1
Moldova 29 Liberia 7 Colombia 2 Morocco 1
Uganda 29 Belarus 7 Singapore 2 Portugal 1
Russia 25 Pakistan 7 Brazil 2 South Africa 1
Ukraine 23 Kenya 6 Eritrea 2 Sudan 1
Bangladesh 6 Gambia 2 Switzerland 1
United Kingdom 22 India 5 Zimbabwe 2 Togo 1
Poland 19 Hungary 5 Ecuador 1 Uzbekistan 1
Latvia 16 Congo, DRC 4 Benin 1 Zambia 1
Czech Republic 14 Ghana 4 Estonia 1 Egypt 1
Slovakia 13 Philippines 4 Burma 1 Indonesia 1
Malaysia 12 Bulgaria 3 Germany 1 Unknown
Other
28
14
UK Shelter (one year)
List of Countries without Slaves
Deception and
Lies Family Debt Kidnapping
How does the Process Work?
An average slave in the American South in 1850 cost the equivalent of
$40,000 in today’s money
Today a slave costs an average of $90
Price of a slave: Then and Now
Who are the Criminals?
Recruiters Exploiters Enforcers Transporters
Traditional Remedies
Before a
Trafficking Event
Trafficking
Process
After
Trafficking Event
Prevention Prosecution
(Legal Response)
Protection (Victim Support)
Traditional Responses?
Who are the Traditional Responders?
Government
United Nations
Non- Government Organization
75 percent forced Labor
60 percent associated
with supply chains
Private Sector
Consumers
Global SlaveFigure
VictimsIdentified
48,000 out of 36 million
Only 48,000 People Helped (0.04 Percent)
Only 4,000 Criminals Arrested (0.8 percent)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2004 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Prosectutions
Convictions
4,000 out
of 500,000
How is the world doing?
Why is this so Low?
$150 Billion Profits from Slavery
Funding used to address the problem
0.23 percent
21 Days of Potato Chip Eating
The Profits are Obscene 1
Not knowing, not believing or running away
2
Many can’t handle the issue – too
painful
Many don’t believe slavery exists
Most people
don’t know about the problem
An Example: Closing our eyes
India Sex Trafficking Victim (15 years old) • Ten Men A Day • 365 Days a Year • 3,650 Rapes a Year
(child rape) • Two Years over 7,000
rapes
15 Year Old Girl Raped 7,000 Times
The topic is too painful to hear about
People don’t want to know about such bad things
We think it is someone else’s problem
3
Labor Not Labor
Individual
Group
Marriage Trafficking
Labor Trafficking
Forced Prostitution
Forced Begging
Fishing Industry
Domestic Servitude
Child Soldiers
The issue is complex and confusing
Can this problem be solved?
Yes, but we all have to all work together
8 Steps
2 Understand to be more Efficient: Bangladesh
Reduce the 35.8 million
Addressing Causality
Rule of Law/Enforcement
Criminal Justice
Victim Identification and Outreach
Business/Private Sector
Donors
MERL
Victim Support and
Services/Social Inclusion
Governments
Consumers
Civil Society
United Nations
Private Sector
Students
General public
PARTNERS
Private Sector
Limited Countries
Information Foundation
Partner Clusters
United Front
Packaging
Pilot Areas
CRITERIA 4 United Plan: Get Everyone Involved
Bring out some WINS 5
Top 10 countries include
69 percent of the slaves
Supply Chains
Millions of slaves in supply chains
Bad business
The private sector knows bad business
Resources The private sector has resources
(human and financial)
Stand up The private sector knows how to lead
Impact Millions can be Helped
6 The Private Sector needs to Step Up
We need a new abolitionist movement across the world 7
A Sense of URGENCY 8
Think of the children as your own
A New Slave Every 5 Seconds
Break
The Private Sector: Emerging Trends
A New Wave of Activism Focused on Slavery
1
1. International Labor Organization Conventions 29, 105, 138 & 182: Provisions ratified by up to 175 countries towards the elimination of forced and child labor.
2. “Strengthening Protections Against Trafficking in Persons in Federal Contracts”; the Ending Trafficking in Government Contracting (ETGC) provisions of the Fiscal Year 2013 National Defense Authorization Act
3. UN Principles on Business and Human Rights 2011, covering: 1) the State Duty to Protect Human Rights; The Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights; and the need for greater Access to Remedy for victims of business-related abuse.
4. European Union Council Decision 2006/618/EC: Requires each EU member state to adopt measures to prevent and combat trafficking in persons.
5. H.R. 2759, the Business Transparency on Trafficking & Slavery Act (federal version of the California Act.)
6. Executive Order, entitled “Strengthening Protections Against Trafficking in Persons in Federal Contracts”;
7. Future: UK and EU versions of similar Acts
Legislation Is Expanding 2
California Transparency in
Supply Chains Act (SB 657)
One Example
Background
• When? As of January 1, 2012.
• Who? All retailers and manufacturers with annual global revenues over $100 million who do business in California
• What? Businesses must disclose on their website homepage what they are doing to remove slavery from their supply chains
• Why? “To educate consumers on how to purchase goods produced by companies that responsibly manage their supply chains”
Five Requirements
Disc losure must inc lude in format ion about what the company is do ing to , inc lud ing
1) Verification: Verify product supply chains to evaluate and address risks of human trafficking and slavery
2) Auditing: Perform independent supplier audits to evaluate compliance with company standards
3) Certification: Require certification by direct suppliers that materials incorporated into company products comply with the laws regarding slavery and human trafficking of the country or countries in which they are doing business 4) Internal Accountability: Maintain internal accountability standards and procedures for employees or contractors that fail to meet company standards on slavery and trafficking
5) Training: Train relevant company employees and management on human trafficking and slavery, particularly concerning the mitigation of risk within supply chains.
56
Penalty for Non-Compliance
• The California Attorney General will order the company to take remedial action
• Non-compliance may result in “naming and shaming” by advocacy groups and media
Corporate Response: Ford
Corporate Response: Ford
“Human Trafficking: CA Disclosure” goes to this
webpage, which describes Ford’s efforts to keep slavery
out of their pig-iron supply chain.
“Naming and Shaming” is Increasing
3
Naming and Shaming is Increasing
21
39
48
2011 2012 2013
Major Articles
Walk Free
ENOUGH GAMES NINTENDO: TIME
FOR ACTION AGAINST SLAVERY
Act Now
Major Investment in investigative Journalism
Consumers are Seeking Information
Changing Public Opinion • Growing public interest and
concern • Consumers are asking
questions about the products they buy
4
Know the Chain
COMPANY NAME SECTOR STATEMENT POSTED
99¢ Only Stores Consumer Discretionary
Abaxis, Inc. Healthcare
Abbott Laboratories Healthcare
Abercrombie & Fitch Co. Consumer Discretionary
AB Sciex LLC Healthcare
Accelrys Inc. Information Technology
Why should Business Care?
Proposed Thai Seafood Boycott
Human Trafficking gives complete
business sectors a “bad name”
1
Human Trafficking under-cuts the costs
of legitimate businesses
Bangladesh Company wins all the
contracts – no salaries paid
2
Human trafficking accusations can aversely hurt a
business concern
3
Hong Kong company looses everything
Legislators don’t feel the private sector is serious
Human trafficking Legislation is becoming
“fine-based” and comprehensive
4
Hotel and Apparel
Examples
“Naming and Shaming” is often not random or
always accurate/fair
5
More Balance is Needed
Naming and Shaming
Positive Support Available
How to Engage the Private Sector?
One Approach
It started with a desire to help!!!
“Go to” and Resource Organization
1 • Training • Technical Assistance • Crisis Management • Legislation/
documentation database
• Relationship Building (NGO, Government)
• Support Service Vetting (auditing, legal, etc.)
• Campaign Management
Business for Freedom: Mekong Club Associates
2 Provide a range of technical, logistical and facilitation support services to member organizations
Using Technology to address the problem
3
Operationalize Private Sector Solutions
4
Where were you?
Educate Others: Face Book, Emails, Twitter
Raise Money and Donate it to Worthy Cause:
Be a Responsible Consumer: Check Things Out
Volunteer Your Time: Join the Fight
Use your comparative advantage – students
What Can YOU do?
Sponsor a similar talk
Find the Courage to REALLY face the Issue….. collectively
Commit to do AT LEAST One Thing
What is needed?
Be a hero (we all have one inside of us)
A Vision for Hong Kong
• Develop a plan
• Get the resources in place
• Get volunteers to help – general public, private sector organizations, YOU!!!!
• Have Hong Kong be a model city
• Collectively, we can ALL make a difference
Imagine this…..
• Imagine: after 5,000 years of slavery, we eradicate it in our lifetime
• Imagine: our generation will go down in history as the one that ended slavery
• Imagine: our children & grandchildren grow up in a world where slavery is seen as an egregious blight on history
Just Giving: The Mekong Club
The Mekong Club.org
Presentations
Film Presentations
Variety Shows
Sweatshop Challenge