human settlements sector plan...
TRANSCRIPT
FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS SECTOR PLAN 2017/18
Compiled by: QKG Consulting
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Municipal Human Settlements Sector Plan (MHSP):
Status of Document: Approved
Document Control
Version No Date Revision Made
5
March 2017
09 03 2017
Plan Approval
Responsibility Council Resolution Date
FBDM Council
SOC 01 04/2017
19 April 2017
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................. 7
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.1 THE PRIMARY AIM OF DEVELOPING THE HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN .............................. 9
1.2 THE PURPOSE OF DEVELOPING HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN ......................................... 10
1.3 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 10
1.4 FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY OVERVIEW ................................................... 12
LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT ........................................................................................................... 15
2.1 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA ACT 108 OF 1996 ................ 15
2.2 THE HOUSING ACT 107 OF 1997 ..................................................................................... 15
2.3 THE NEW HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN (BREAKING NEW GROUNDS, 2005) .................... 16
2.4 THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (VISION 2030) ...................................................... 17
2.5 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS ACT 32 OF 2000 .............................. 17
2.6 THE INTER GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS FRAMEWORK ACT 13 OF 2005....................... 18
2.7 OTHER RELEVANT KEY LEGISLATION; POLICIES; AND PLANS ......................................... 18
3. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 19
3.1 POPULATION ................................................................................................................... 19
3.2 AGE STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................... 21
3.3 DEPENDANCY RATIO....................................................................................................... 26
3.4 MALE PER 100 FEMALE ................................................................................................... 27
3.5 EDUCATION ..................................................................................................................... 28
3.6 HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS ................................................................................................ 29
3.7 HOUSEHOLD SERVICES .................................................................................................... 35
3.8 POVERTY .......................................................................................................................... 40
3.9 UNEMPLOYMENT PROFILE .............................................................................................. 42
3.10 HOUSING DEMAND ....................................................................................................... 43
3.11 GAP HOUSING .............................................................................................................. 43
3.12 RENTAL HOUSING DEMAND .......................................................................................... 44
3.13 TOTAL DEMAND ............................................................................................................ 45
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3.14 SUPPLY OPTIONS ............................................................................................................ 45
3.15 OTHER STAKEHOLDERS .................................................................................................. 49
3.16 ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL CONTEXT ............................................................................ 51
4. STRATEGY ........................................................................................................................... 62
4.1 PROPOSED HUMAN SETTLEMENT STRATEGIES ............................................................... 62
4.2 FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT HUMAN SETTLEMENT STRATEGIES ....................................... 63
5. PROJECTS ........................................................................................................................... 67
5.1 PROJECT LINKED TO IDP AND SDF ................................................................................. 67
5.2 PROJECT PIPELINE .......................................................................................................... 67
5.3 LIST OF APPROVED HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROJECTS .................................................... 67
5.4 LIST OFMUNICIPAL HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROJECTS ..................................................... 68
5.5 PROJECT FINANCE ......................................................................................................... 70
5.6 BLOCKED PROJECTS ....................................................................................................... 71
6. INTEGRATION ..................................................................................................................... 73
6.1 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS (BNG) (2004) ........ 73
6.2 OUTCOME 8: MEDIUM TERM STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 2014-2019 .............................. 73
6.3 LINKAGE, INTEGRATION AND COMPLIANCE TO THE PLANS AND PROGRAMMES ..... 74
7. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ....................................................................................... 77
8. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 83
9. APPROVAL ......................................................................................................................... 84
10. CONCLUDING REMARKS ................................................................................................. 85
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................. 86
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: POPULATION SIZE .................................................................................................. 20
FIGURE 2: AGE GROUP UNDER 15 ........................................................................................ 21
FIGURE 3: AGE GROUP 15 - 19 .............................................................................................. 22
FIGURE 4: AGE GROUP 20 - 34 .............................................................................................. 22
FIGURE 5 AGE GROUP 35 - 39 .............................................................................................. 23
FIGURE 6 AGE GROUP 40 - 64 .............................................................................................. 24
FIGURE 7 AGE GROUP 65 & OLDER ...................................................................................... 24
FIGURE 8 DEPENDANCY RATIO ............................................................................................. 26
FIGURE 9 MALE PER 100 FEMALE ......................................................................................... 26
FIGURE 10 EDUCATION STATUS ............................................................................................ 28
FIGURE 11 HOUSEHOLDS ...................................................................................................... 28
FIGURE 12 HOUSEHOLD SIZE ................................................................................................. 29
FIGURE 13 FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS ......................................................................... 30
FIGURE 14 TYPES OF DWELLINGS - FORMAL ......................................................................... 31
FIGURE 15 TYPES OF DWELLINGS - INFORMAL ..................................................................... 32
FIGURE 16 TENURE STATUS ..................................................................................................... 33
FIGURE 17 FLUSH TOILETS ....................................................................................................... 35
FIGURE 18 REFUSE REMOVAL ................................................................................................ 36
FIGURE 19 TYPE OF REFUSE REMOVAL .................................................................................. 37
FIGURE 20 ACCESS TO WATER .............................................................................................. 38
FIGURE 21 ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY..................................................................................... 39
FIGURE 22 POVERTY STATUS ................................................................................................. 40
FIGURE 23 UNEMPLOYMENT .................................................................................................. 41
FIGURE 24 GAP HOUSING ..................................................................................................... 43
FIGURE 25 DISTRICT AND MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES AND LOCALITY ................................. 51
FIGURE 26 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS ........................................................................................ 51
FIGURE 27 SOCIAL FACILITIES ............................................................................................... 54
FIGURE 28 LOCALITY EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ................................................................... 54
FIGURE 29 LOCALITY OF POLICE STATIONS ......................................................................... 55
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FIGURE 30 CEMETERIES .......................................................................................................... 55
FIGURE 31 PROVINCIAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK (PSDF) ............................. 60
FIGURE 32 FBDM HOUSING STRUCTURE ................................................................................ 77
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: POPULATION SIZE .................................................................................................... 18
TABLE 2.1 MALE/FEMALE AGE STRUCTURE ........................................................................... 20
TABLE 2.2 PERCENTAGE MALE/FEMALE AGE STRUCTURE .................................................... 21
TABLE 3 AGE GROUP 20 - 34 ................................................................................................. 23
TABLE 4 AGE OF HOUSEHOLDS ............................................................................................ 25
TABLE 5 EDUCATION STATUS ................................................................................................ 27
TABLE 6 HOUSING TYPOLOGIES ............................................................................................ 30
TABLE 7 TENURE STAUS ........................................................................................................... 33
TABLE 8 HOUSEHOLD SERVICES ........................................................................................... 34
TABLE 9 TYPES OF REFUSE REMOVAL ................................................................................... 36
TABLE 10 POPULATION WITH ACCESS TO WATER ............................................................... 37
TABLE 11 ACCESS TO WATER ................................................................................................ 38
TABLE 12 POVERTY ................................................................................................................ 40
TABLE 13 UNEMPLOYMENT PROFILE ...................................................................................... 41
TABLE 14 RENTAL HOUSING DEMAND IN THE DISTRICT ........................................................ 43
TABLE 15 TOTAL DEMAND ..................................................................................................... 44
TABLE 16 FOCUS AREA .......................................................................................................... 57
TABLE 17 POTENTIAFOR SEZS ................................................................................................. 59
TABLE 18 DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS.................................................................................. 59
TABLE 19 KEY AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IN THE NORTHERN CAPE ................ 59
TABLE 20 OBJECTIVES OF THE HUMAN SETTLMENTS PLAN .................................................. 61
TABLE 21 STRATEGIES ............................................................................................................ 62
TABLE 22 FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT OBJECTIVES................................................................ 65
TABLE 23 LIST OF APPROVED HOUSING PROJECTS .............................................................. 67
TABLE 24 MAGARENG LIST OF HOUSING PROJECTS .......................................................... 68
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TABLE 25 DIKGATLONG LIST OF HOUSING PROJECTS ......................................................... 68
TABLE 26 PHOKWANE LIST OF HOUSING PROJECTS ............................................................ 68
TABLE 27 POTENTIAL RISKS ..................................................................................................... 71
TABLE 28 MUNICIPAL SECTOR PLAN RELEVANCE TO HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PLAN AND THEIR
EFFECT ON HOUSING ............................................................................................................ 74
TABLE 29 INTERGRATION ....................................................................................................... 74
LIST OF ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE 1 - HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
ANNEXURE 2 - HDA PROJECT PIPELINE
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
Acronyms Description
BNG Breaking New Ground
COGHSTA Department of Cooperative Governance, Human Settlements and
Traditional Affairs
DHS National Department of Human Settlements
CBO Community Based Organisation
DBS Discount Benefit Scheme
EHP Emergency Housing Programme
EPWP Expanded Public Works Programme
FLISP Finance Linked Individual Subsidy Programme IDP
FB Frances Baard
HDA Housing Development Agency
HSS Human Settlements Strategy
HSP Human Settlements Sector Plan
IDP Integrated Development Plan
IGR Intergovernmental Relations
IRDP Integrated Residential Development Plan
LM Local Municipality
MDG Millennium Development Goals
MFMA Municipal Finance Management Act
MIG Municipal Infrastructure Grant
NC Northern Cape Province
NDP National Development Plan
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
NHBRC National Homebuilders Registration Council
PHP People’s Housing Process
SDBIP Service Delivery and Budget Implementation Plan
SDF Spatial Development Framework
Stats SA Statistics South Africa
TRA Temporary Resettlement Areas
UISP Upgrading Of Informal Settlements Programme
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Acronyms Description
FBDM Frances Baard District Municipality
SPLM Sol Plaatje Local Municipality
PLM Phokwane Local Municipality
DLM Dikgatlong Local Municipality
MLM Magareng Local Municipality
WSDP Water Services Development Plans
MHSP Municipal Housing Sector Plan
SEZ Special Economic Zone
ASGISA Accelerated Shared Growth Initiative of South Africa
CRU Community Residential Units
CLaRA Communal Land Rights Act
DBSA Development Bank of South Africa
DORA Division of Revenue Act
DPLG Department of Provincial and Local Government
IEP Integrated Environmental Programme
MEC Member of Executive Committee
MSA Municipal System Act
MSA Municipal Structures Act
MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework
DHS National Department of Human Settlements
NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective
HSS Housing Subsidy System
PDHS Provincial Department of Human Settlements
PGDS Provincial Growth and Development Strategy
PLRO Provincial Land Reform Office
SMME Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise
SHS Sustainable Human Settlements
UDZ Urban Development Zones
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
NHNR National Housing Needs Register
NUSP National Upgrading Support Programme
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INTRODUCTION
In terms of Section 9(1) of the National Housing Act 107 0f 1997, every municipality must as part of
the municipality’s process of Integrated Development Planning (IDP) take all reasonable and
necessary steps to ensure that the inhabitants within its area of jurisdiction have access to
adequate housing on a progressive basis by setting housing delivery goals, identifying suitable
land for human settlements development and planning, facilitating, initiating and coordinating
human settlements development in its area of jurisdiction.
The IDP planning process compel the Municipalities to compile sector plans for various
development sectors. Also as part of IDPs, the Housing Act 107 of 1997 stipulates that municipalities
should compile housing strategies and targets. The plan will serve as a guiding framework for the
strategic engagement of the municipality in housing development. The need for Human
Settlements Plans arises from a concern that, in most municipalities, the Integrated Development
Planning (IDP) process inadequately address issues related to the provision of housing.
1.1 THE PRIMARY AIM OF DEVELOPING THE HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN
The primary aim of developing the Human Settlement Plan, is to enable the municipality to adhere
to the following key factors when out-rolling the human settlement development; which are:
Human Settlements should be provided closer to employment opportunities;
Human Settlements development should provide wider choice with regard to type of
house, materials, tenure;
Human Settlements development should take measures not to harm the environment;
Housing should be prioritized to the poorest of the poor;
The special housing needs of the disabled and HIV/AIDS victims should be addressed;
Houses should be designed in a manner that accommodates future extensions;
Promote higher density in respect of human settlements development to ensure the
economical utilization of land and services;
Human Settlements development should be based on integrated development
planning;
Promote racial, social, economic and physical integration in urban and rural areas;
Human Settlements development should be administered in a transparent,
accountable and equitable manner and uphold the practice of good governance;
Promote education and consumer protection in respect of human settlements
development;
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Promote the establishment of socially and economically viable communities and safe
and healthy conditions to ensure the elimination of slums;
Facilitate the active involvement of all relevant stakeholders in housing development,
and
Provide community and recreational facilities in residential areas
1.2 THE PURPOSE OF DEVELOPING HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN
The main purpose of a Human Settlements Sector Plan is as follows:
To ensure the effective allocation of limited resources;
To provide a formal and practical method of prioritizing human settlements projects and
obtaining political consensus for the sequencing of the implementation;
To ensure more integrated development through bringing together the relevant cross
sectoral role players to coordinate their development interventions in one plan;
To provide greater spatial linkages between the spatial development framework and the
physical implementation of projects on the ground;
To ensure effective subsidy budgeting and cash flows both at the municipal and provincial
levels.
1.3 METHODOLOGY
1.3.1 Guiding Principles
The Housing Sector Plan Development was informed by the following guiding principles:
Principle Description
Simplicity The system will need to be kept as simple as possible to ensure that
the municipality can develop, implement, manage and review
the system without placing an unnecessary great burden on the
existing capacity of the municipality.
Politically acceptable and
administratively managed
The system must be acceptable to political role players at all levels.
Flexibility It must be sufficiently flexible to allow for adjustment due to
changes in the environment.
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Principle Description
Implementable The Human Settlement Sector Plan should be implementable with
the resources (which will include time, institutional, financial and
technical resources) immediately available and accessible to the
municipality.
Transparency &
Accountability
The Human Settlement Sector Plan process should be inclusive,
transparent and open. The general public should be made aware
of the process.
Public Participation The general public and other service providers should be given an
opportunity to participate and inform the process.
Integration The Human Settlement Sector Plan should promote integrated
development process.
1.3.2 Methodology
The standard planning process phases’ as per the integrated development planning guide are
as follows:
Analysis
Strategy
Projects
Project Preparation & Initiation
Status Quo Analysis Strategic Planning
Framework
Comprehensive Close Out
Report
Consolidation of Human
Settlement Sector Plan
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2 3
4 5
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Integration
Approval
The above-mentioned phases were covered in the proposed phases developed by QKG
Consulting. The Analysis Phase was covered under the Status Quo Analysis. The Strategy &
Projects Phases were covered under the Strategic Planning Framework Phase. The Integration
Phase was covered under Consolidation Phase. Lastly Approval Phase covered under Project
Close Out Phase. Thus means the approach proposed by QKG Consulting was in line with the
standardised planning methods.
1.4 FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY OVERVIEW
1.4.1 Vision Statement
The Northern Cape Province of South Africa is divided into five districts, of which the Frances Baard
District is one of the five districts with its main city Kimberley, which is also the capitol of the
Province. The Frances Baard district is the smallest district in the Northern Cape Province and
covers an area of 13,518 sq km, which accounts for 3.4% of the total area of the province. The
District Municipality includes the Dikgatlong, Magareng, Phokwane and Sol Plaatje municipalities
(Frances Baard District Municipality Web Portal). According to the IDP (2012-2017), the district
accommodates the largest proportion of the population in the province, giving it the largest
population density.
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1.4.2 Vision Statement
“To be a municipality with a clear development focus to improve the quality of life of all
communities in the district.”
1.4.3 Mission Statement
The mission statement of the municipality reads as follows:
To promote the quality of services and thereby improving the standard of living of all its
communities by:
Promoting social and economic development.
Promoting the provision of sustainable, affordable and optimal quality of service.
Utilizing all available resources economically, efficiently and effectively.
Effective community participation of all stakeholders.
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2. LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT
2.1 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA ACT 108 OF 1996
Section 26 (2) of the Constitution, Act 108 of 1996 confers the right to housing and prescribes that
the state must take reasonable legislative and other measures within its available resources to
achieve the progressive realization of this right. The Housing Act No. 107 of 1997 was enacted to
provide a legislative framework to effect the right to housing. An examination of schedule B of the
constitution highlights the limited role of municipalities in housing development. Beyond land and
beneficiary identification, the role of the Municipality is that of constructive coordination of
housing development within its area of jurisdiction. The core powers of implementation can be
assigned to the municipality by the provincial government through assignment and delegation of
powers.
Whilst housing is a concurrent legislative competence of national and provincial government in
terms of Schedule 4, Part A of the Constitution (1996), the pivotal role of the local sphere in ensuring
horizontal and vertical integration of human settlement delivery is acknowledged in housing-
related legislation and policy. The intention is to locate all national housing instruments at
municipal level. As a result, the national accreditation and assignment framework sets out the
Constitutional and legislative mechanisms for the decentralization of the administration of national
housing programmes.
Municipalities are required to take the lead role in negotiating the location of housing supply to
facilitate spatial restructuring; facilitate a match between demand and supply of different state-
assisted housing typologies; and, ensure alignment of housing delivery, spatial planning,
infrastructure investment, land-use planning and management, transportation systems and social
services provision. Municipalities are accredited or assigned responsibilities by provinces for the
administration of national housing programmes in order to facilitate such integrated planning and
delivery.
2.2 THE HOUSING ACT 107 OF 1997
The Housing Act of 1997 (Act 107 of 1997), states that, municipalities must develop appropriate
strategies to facilitate housing development within their jurisdiction. The Housing Act, 1997 (Act
No. 107 of 1997) (“the Housing Act”) which states in Section 9 (1) (f) that “Every municipality must,
as part of the municipality’s process of integrated development planning (IDP), take all
reasonable and necessary steps within the framework of national and provincial housing
legislation and policy to initiate, plan, co-ordinate, facilitate, promote and enable appropriate
housing development in its area of jurisdiction”.
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2.3 THE NEW HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN (BREAKING NEW GROUNDS, 2005)
The New Human Settlement Plan (Breaking New Ground, 2005) moves the focus of government
to develop sustainable human settlements, to contribute towards the alleviation of poverty
through housing. Breaking New Ground provides the following guidelines:
1. Residents should live in a safe and secure environment, and have adequate access to
economic opportunities, a mix of safe and secure housing, and tenure types, reliable
and affordable basic services, educational, entertainment and cultural activities, and
health, welfare and police services.
2. Ensure the development of compact, mixed land use, diverse, life-enhancing
environments with maximum possibilities for pedestrian movement and transit via safe
and efficient public transport in cases where motorised means of movement is
imperative.
3. Ensure that low-income housing is provided in close proximity to areas of opportunity.
4. Integrate previously excluded groups into the city, and the benefits it offers, and to
ensure the development of more integrated, functional and environmentally sustainable
human settlements, towns and cities. The latter includes densification.
5. Encourage Social (Medium-Density) Housing – Social Housing is generally medium-
density, and this housing intervention may make a strong contribution to urban renewal
and integration.
6. There is a need to move away from a housing-only approach to a more holistic
development of human settlements, including the provision of social and economic
infrastructure.
7. Multi-purpose cluster concept will be applied to incorporate the provision of primary
municipal facilities, such as parks, playgrounds, sports fields, crèches, community halls,
taxi ranks, satellite police stations, municipal clinics, and informal trading facilities.
8. More appropriate settlement designs and housing products, and more acceptable
housing quality.
9. Enhancing settlement design by including design professionals at planning and project
design stages, and developing design guidelines.
10. There is a need to focus on changing the face of the stereotypical RDP houses, and
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settlements, through the promotion of alternative technology and design.
The New Human Settlement Plan (Breaking New Ground, 2005) clearly articulates the intention of
government to develop sustainable human settlements, to contribute towards the alleviation of
asset poverty through housing. It concludes that asset poverty is a result of inadequate access to
assets by individuals, households and communities including inadequate shelter (which manifests
in badly located low cost and overcrowded dwellings), the inadequate provision of appropriate
infrastructure and the inadequate provision of basic services such as health, safety, emergency
services and education facilities amongst others. Post 1994 housing development has been urban
biased. New policy highlights the need to address this through a stronger focus on rural housing
instruments. Further more rural housing interventions provide government with an opportunity to
facilitate the installation of infrastructure in rural areas (Breaking New Ground 2005)
2.4 THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (VISION 2030)
The National Development Plan (NDP) Vision 2030 offers a long‐term perspective. It defines a
desired destination and identifies the role different sectors of society need to play in reaching that
goal. It aims to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality by 2030.
Chapter 9 of the NDP highlights problems around human settlement planning and the provision
of infrastructure that supports these settlements. It proposes that the responsibility for housing
should shift to the level at which planning is executed mainly at the municipal level.
It recognises the challenges that local government faces including poor capacity, weak
administration systems, and undue political interference in technical and administrative decision‐
making and uneven fiscal capacity. It calls for the asymmetric allocation of powers and functions
and for more diversity in how development priorities are implemented.
2.5 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS ACT 32 OF 2000
In terms of Section 25 and 26 which compels all municipalities to develop Integrated Development
Plans (IDP) that are primary investment tools for all municipalities. With their respective sector plans
they are subject to annual reviews. Through the IDP Municipalities are mandated to participate in
all development planning activities that take place within their jurisdiction and ensure that they
are aligned and informed by the overall government strategic thrust. The functions and powers of
Municipalities are further described in chapter 5 of the Local Government Municipal Structures
Act no. 11 of 1 as amended. The relevant sections are sections 83 to 89. These plans are single, all
inclusive, strategic plans.
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2.6 THE INTER GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS FRAMEWORK ACT 13 OF 2005
The Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act, 2005 (Act 13 of 2005 – ‘the IGR Act’) establishes
a framework for the national government, provincial governments and local governments to
promote and facilitate intergovernmental relations, and to provide for mechanisms and
procedures to facilitate the settlement of intergovernmental disputes.
Chapter 3 of the Intergovernmental Relations Act provides for organs of state to enter into an
implementation protocol as an Agreement where the implementation of a policy, the exercise of
a statutory power, the performance of a statutory function or the provision of a service depends
on the participation of organs of state in different spheres of government.
An effective system of intergovernmental relations and cooperative government is predicated on
appropriate and effective institutions. These institutions are responsible for the development of
appropriate systems and processes as well as initiating and overseeing joint work and projects.
2.7 OTHER RELEVANT KEY LEGISLATION; POLICIES; AND PLANS
The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (Act 16 of 2013);
The National Housing Code (2009);
Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act (Act 19 of 1998);
Extension of Security of Tenure Act (Act 62 of 1997);
Communal Land Rights Act (CLARA - Act 11 of 2004);
The Municipal Systems Act, Act 32 of 2000;
Municipal Structures Act, Act 117 of 1998;
Intergovernmental Relations Act of 2006;
The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (16 of 2013);
Public Finance Management Act (1 of 1999); and
Municipal Finance Management Act (56 of 2003)
Comprehensive Plan for Sustainable Human Settlements: Breaking New Ground (2005);
Outcome 8: Medium Term Draft Strategic Framework 2014-2019;
Northern Cape Provincial Growth and Development Strategy 2011;
Northern Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework 2012
Northern Cape Human Settlement Strategy 2015 (HDA)
Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design; and
NHBRC Technical Standards contained in Government Gazette R1406
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3. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
The rationale behind conducting situational analysis is aimed at ascertaining the demographic
profile of the local municipalities which will therefore reflect the holistic picture of the entire district
in regards to the demographics. This information will serve as the guiding framework in determining
the housing demand for each municipality and consolidated demand for the entire Frances
Baard District Municipality. The following variables are analysed:
population and household profile;
age profile;
employment profile;
household income and expenditure profile;
tenure status
economic profile; and
access to services.
The approach that was used during situational analysis, stem from the comparison of Statistics
South Africa Census 2011 Report and Statistics South Africa Community Survey 2016 Report. The
selected variables were compared; and future projection determination was made hence the
Human Settlements Sector Plan is developed for the next 5 year period (2017/18 – 2021/22).
3.1. POPULATION
Table1 Population Size
Municipality
2016 2011 Increase
/Decline
Increase
/Decline
2011 - 2016
% Increase
/Decline PA
2021
(Projected)
Sol Plaatjie 255 351 248 037 7 314 1,03 0,21 262 881
Dikgatlong 48 164 46 839 1 325 1,03 0,21 49 526
Magareng 24 059 24 207 -148 0,99 0,20 23 912
Phokwane 60 168 63 000 -2 832 0,96 0,19 57 463
District Total 387 742 382 083 5 659 1,01 0,20 393 782 Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
The Table 1 above, indicates population dynamics in the four local municipalities for the period
2011 to 2016. The results demonstrate a decline in population over a five-year period in the
Phokwane and Magareng municipalities. Phokwane shows an average decline of -0.96%, thus an
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absolute figure of 2,832 people, over the five-year period. Magareng has a drop of -0.99%,
absolute figure of 148 people.
These could be attributed to factors such as migration to other provinces, other municipalities or
other districts in the province or mortality rates. These could also be attributed to better
understanding of birth control techniques. The, Dikgatlong and Sol Plaatje municipalities has an
increase in the annual growth for the period year 2011 to 2016, with both having an increase of
1.03%. These municipalities have some pull factors such as job opportunities, infrastructure and
services hence an increase in population. Figure 1 below graphically represents the population
dynamics over the five year period.
Taking the above factors into consideration it is evident that the population in the district has
remained relatively stagnant (382 086 people in 2011 and 388 051 people in 2016), an increase of
1.01% and it could be expected to remain this way, if there is no significant economic
development in the area. Having been a primarily mining area and with the decrease in mining
activities, the population numbers could even decrease.
The decline of the population growth in Magareng and Phokwane will also result into a decline in
relation with the housing demand within these respective local municipalities. The projections for
the next five year period (2017 – 2021), the municipalities that experienced the decline during
2011 – 2016 period will not have significant changes as there are no new prospects of economic
development initiatives planned in these respective local municipalities.
The growth rate for the period 2007 – 2011 was 1.6% and this has now reduced to 1% for the period
2011 – 2016. Should the current growth rate of 1% continue the population for the district will
increase to 393,782 by 2021. This is an actual number of 5,731 people.
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Figure 1: Population size
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
3.2. AGE STRUCTURE
As indicated in Table 2.1 below, the number of females for each age group is substantially more
than those of males in the district, except for the 35 – 64-year age group where the number of
males outweigh the females.
Table 2.1 Male/Female Age Structure
Municipality
Male Female
Total
0–14
(Children
15–34
(Youth)
35–64
(Adults)
65+
(Elderly)
0–14
(Children
15–34
(Youth)
35–64
(Adults)
65+
(Elderly)
Sol Plaatjie 31 816 40 796 41 452 13 701 37 329 44 156 31 365 14 737 255 351
Dikgatlong 6 913 7 509 7 304 2 895 7 810 7 715 5 646 2 373 48 164
Magareng 3 325 3 698 3 746 1 501 3 779 3 936 2 459 1 615 24 059
Phokwane 8 235 9 093 9 178 3 223 10 618 9 438 6 563 3 821 60 168
District Total 50 288 61 095 61 681 21 320 59 535 65 244 46 032 22 545 387 741 Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Community Survey 2016
Taking the above information into consideration, the percentage of males to females for each
category of age group, per municipality, can be developed. See table 2.2 below. The table
depicts that the number of males to females per age category, in the four municipalities, is
relatively the same.
-50000
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
PhokwaneDikgatlong
MagarengSol Plaatjie
Frances
Baard
District
63000 46841
24204
248041
382086
6016848473
24059
255351
388051
Population Size
2011 Population 2016
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Table 2.2 Percentage Male to Female per Age Structure per Municipality
Municipality
Male % Male
Population
Female % Female
Population
Total
Sol Plaatjie 127 765 0,50 127 587 0,50 255 352
Dikgatlong 24 621 0,51 23 544 0,49 48 165
Magareng 12 270 0,51 11 789 0,49 24 059
Phokwane 29 729 0,49 30 440 0,51 60 169
District Total 194 385 193 360 387 745
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Community Survey 2016
Figure 2 – 6 indicates the increase or decrease in population amongst the various age groupings.
The percentages represented by the graphs is in relation to the overall population of the
respective municipalities.
Figure 2 below indicates that there has been a drop in the age group of under 15 year olds age
structure from 2011 to 2016 across the four municipalities. Phokwane and Magareng has had an
overall decrease of 7% (1523 and 501 respectively), followed by Sol Plaatje with 2% (1053) and
Dikgatlong with 1% (103).
Figure 2 Age Group Under 15 Year Olds per Municipality
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Dikgatlong Magareng Phokwane Sol Plaatjie
00-04 10.14 10.17 11.50 9.55
05-09 10.99 10.09 10.30 8.94
10-14 9.44 9.26 9.53 8.59
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
Age Group under 15
22
Figure 3 below indicates that there has been a drop in the age 15 group 15 – 19 year olds.
Phokwane has a decrease of 21.19% (1300) and Sol Plaatje 4.12% (952). Dikgatlong and
Magareng has had an increase in this age group of 1.33% (57) and 1.00% (23) respectively.
The age group 15 – 19 and 20 -34 is also makes up the group referred to as the youth of the country.
Figure 3 Age Group 15 – 19 Year Olds per Municipality
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Figure 4 Age Group 20 – 34 Year Olds per Municipality
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
A decline among the people aged between 20 - 34 years old is also observed during the same
period, for all four municipalities, as indicated in figure 4 above. This age group bracket is
considered economically active, and usually participate in migration more than other age
structures presented. The reason for migration is mostly employment, better services and
education.
Dikgatlong Magareng Phokwane Sol Plaatjie
15-19 9.04 9.68 8.04 8.67
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Age Group15-19
Dikgatlong Magareng Phokwane Sol Plaatjie
20-24 8.17 8.51 7.48 8.75
25-29 8.40 7.22 8.20 8.40
30-34 5.99 6.32 7.08 7.44
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.009.00
10.00
Age Group 20 -34
23
Table 3 below indicates the change in numbers between 2011 and 2016 with the associated
percentages that each represents in terms of the overall population for the respective
municipalities.
Table 3 Age Group 20 – 34 Year Olds per Municipality
Municipality Age
Group
% Age
Group
Age
Group
% Age
Group
Age
Group
% Age
Group Total
2016
Totals
2011 20-24 20-24 25-29 25-29 30-34 30-34
Dikgatlong 3 935 8,17 4 046 8,40 2 887 5,99 2 901 11 943
Magareng 2 047 8,51 1 737 7,22 1 520 6,32 1 534 5 940
Phokwane 4 498 7,48 4 935 8,20 4 262 7,08 4 277 15 252
Sol Plaatjie 22 355 8,75 21 442 8,40 19 010 7,44 19 026 67 137
FBDM Totals 32 835 8,23 32 160 8,05 27 679 6,71 27 738 100 272 Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Figure 5 Age Group 35 – 39 Year Olds per Municipality
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
The age group 35 -39 as represented in figure 5 is the group that reflects and overall increase
across the four municipalities. This is primarily your young or newly married couples that return
home to raise their families. Also these are your more stable group. Your special cases such as
would primarily be derived from this group. This group makes up 7.36% of the population of the
district.
Dikgatlong Magareng Phokwane Sol Plaatjie
35-39 6.83 6.16 6.99 7.66
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
Age Group 35-39
24
Figure 6 Age Group 40 – 64 Year Olds per Municipality
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Figure 6 above represents the age group 40 -64 and just as the previous group reflects and overall
increase across the four municipalities. This is your married couples that are raising their families.
This group represents the group that is given preference in terms of housing subsidies and makes
up 47% of the population of the district.
Figure 7 Age Group 65 Year Olds and Older per Municipality
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Dikgatlong Magareng Phokwane Sol Plaatjie
40-44 5.48 7.05 5.45 6.55
45-49 5.44 4.52 4.84 5.60
50-54 4.82 4.09 4.51 4.98
55-59 4.31 3.97 4.37 3.73
60-64 3.11 3.51 3.07 3.11
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.00
Age Group 40 - 64
Dikgatlong Magareng Phokwane Sol Plaatjie
65-69 3.15 4.48 3.23 3.19 3.27
70-74 2.13 1.74 2.68 2.05 2.14
75-79 1.14 1.03 1.54 1.40 1.37
80-84 0.86 0.97 0.78 0.79 0.81
85+ 0.55 1.23 0.40 0.60 0.60
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
Age group 65 & Older
65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+
25
Figure 7 represents the retired group. The numbers indicate a dramatic increase of over 65-year-
old individuals in all four municipalities. Although Dikgatlong has the highest increase of 53% in
terms of its population for that age grouping, followed by Sol Plaatje 51%, Magareng 47% and
Phokwane 44%. The reason for an increase across the four municipalities could be due to a
majority of people returning back home after reaching their retirement age.
Table 4 Age of Heads of Household per Municipality
2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Dikgatlong 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 6 72 12 132 39 13
Magareng 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 15 28
Phokwane 9 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 9 0 15 10 12 0 21 0 51 79
Sol Plaatjie 36 0 15 0 6 0 9 0 9 0 15 15 27 0 36 190 72 518
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
The table above represents child headed households and indicates the ages of the heads of
households in each of the four municipalities for the ages 10 - 18 years. As can be seen from the
table the number of child headed households has increased overall from 462 household in 2011
to 1058 households in 2016. It is clear from the table that the impact of child headed households
will play a significant role in the district and special focus will have to be placed on assisting these
households, particularly in Sol Plaatje that has 68% of the total child headed households.
3.3. DEPENDENCY RATIO
Figure 8 below, indicates the percentage of people in the four municipalities that are dependent
on a state subsidy and/or social grants. This is also supported by the fact that there is a significant
drop of those economically active; see age structure, (15-64), while there is an increase in the
number of over 65-year-olds dependent on a state subsidy. Phokwane has the highest annual
growth of 1.08%, among all four municipalities.
26
Figure 8 Dependency ratio
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
The above information may also indicate that the number of people that may be eligible for a
house subsidy could increase as the dependency ratio have increased in line with the population
increase.
3.4. MALE PER 100 FEMALE
Male and female ratio is high among all four municipalities, see Figure 9 below. Thus, for every 100
females, there are a total of 98.6 males in 2016, while in 2011 the figure was 94.7 males per 100
females. In this case a possibility of a higher birth rate is a reality. Results are indicated in Figure 8
below. Magareng municipality has the highest male to female ratio of 1.06% over the five year
period, while the average for the district is 1.04%.
Figure 9 Male Per 100 Female
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Phokwane
Dikgatlong
Magareng
Sol PlaatjieFrances Baard District
2 0 1 12 0 1 6
A V G G R O W T H
2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 6
61.5
66.6
1.0
8
58.5
62.1
1.0
6
60.7
63.9
1.0
5
51
54.1
1.0
6
231.7
246.7
1.0
6
DEPENDENCY RATIO
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng Sol Plaatjie
Male per 100 Female
M/100 F 2011 M/100 F 2016
27
3.5 EDUCATION
3.5.1. No schooling
Education status over five years, from 2011 to 2016 is indicated in table 5 and the results are further
illustrated in figure 10 below. The findings indicate that there is a decrease in the number of people
schooling, thus, less people in all four municipalities were going to school during 2011 to 2016,
which indicates a decrease in the literacy rate. Dikgatlong has the highest declining rate of -1.44
followed by Phokwane and Magareng with -0.82 respectively and Sol Plaatje having the lowest
percentage, -0.52.
Table 5 Education status
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
3.5.2. Matric
The results further indicate an increase in matriculants in all four municipalities. Magareng has the
highest increase of 0.82% pa, followed by Sol Plaatje with 0.72% pa, while Phokwane has the
lowest, 0.44% pa.
3.5.3. Higher Education
An increase in higher education is prevailing in Sol Plaatje, with 0.22% pa and Dikgatlong which
received an increase of 0.14% pa during period 2011 until 2016. Magareng and Phokwane face
a decline in this education category. This could indicate that the migration is more apparent in
Sol Plaatje and Dikgatlong, hence an increase in population in these two municipalities as seen
above. Moreover, Sol Plaatje is the home to Sol Plaatje University (University of the Northern Cape)
that opened its doors in 2014.
2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016
Municipalities AG AG AG
Phokwane 17.7 13.6 -0.8 21.9 24.1 0.44 6.6 6 -0.12
Dikgatlong 17.7 10.5 -1.4 20.3 22.7 0.48 2.7 3.4 0.14
Magareng 16.6 12.5 -0.8 24 28.1 0.82 3.5 2.1 -0.28
Sol Plaatjie 7.1 4.5 -0.5 29.2 32.8 0.72 10.4 11.5 0.22
Frances Baard District 59.1 41.1 -3.6 95.4 107.7 2.46 23.2 23 -0.04
No schooling Matric Higher education
Education
28
Figure 10 Education status
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
3.6. HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS
3.6.1 Households and average size
Figure 11 Households
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
No
schooling
Matric Higher
education
2011 2016 Avg/Annum
2011 -2016
2011 2016 Avg/Annum
2011 -2016
2011 2016 Avg/Annum
2011 -2016
Education status
Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng Sol Plaatjie Frances Baard District
Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng Sol Plaatjie
Households 2011 17544 11967 6120 60297
Households 2016 19597 14824 6970 71939
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Households
Households 2011 Households 2016
29
Figure 11 above provide results pertaining to household dynamics in the four listed municipalities.
The number of households have increased from 95 928 in 2011 to 113 330 in 2016. This represents
an increase of 17 402 houses or 18%.
Figure 12 Household size
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
The Figure above reflects that there was a decline in the average household size within Frances
Baard District over a five year period (2011 – 2016). During year 2011, the average size was 3.9;
and now as per the Community Survey 2016, the average size is 3.5. This average size is still within
the bracket of the national average household size which is 3.8. In as much as there has been a
decline within the district municipal area; Phokwane and Magareng have dropped drastically
due to the movement that was attested by the population dynamics table and figure in previous
pages.
3.6.2. Female Headed Household
It is evident that for the period 2011 – 2016 there was an increase in the number of female headed
household as seen in Figure 13 below. In Magareng the percentage of female headed
households has increased to 43.40%, Sol Plaatje 42.40%, Phokwane to 40.40% and Dikgatlong to
37.50%. Phokwane has the highest annual growth (0.48), of female headed household over the
five year period and Dikgatlong followed with 0.42 female headed household. Sol Plaatje receive
the lowest, 0.28. This analysis reflects the need to prioritise female headed households when
allocating houses, hence they fall under vulnerable groups.
Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng Municipalities
Series1 3.26 3.06 2.90 2.82
2.50
2.60
2.70
2.80
2.90
3.00
3.10
3.20
3.30
Household Size
30
Figure 13 Female headed
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
3.6.3 Housing Typologies
Annexure 1, Table 6 and Figure 14 & 15 below, indicates the change in the number of housing
arrangements across the district. The types of housing structures have increased across the district
between the period 2011 to 2016, from 95,907 to 387,740, this is a direct increase of 291,833.
The increase in housing structures can be attributed to the reduction in household sizes, migration
and the reduction mortality rates. Once again Sol Plaatje Municipality has had the biggest
increase from 60,288 to 255,351, an increase of 195,063 structures, followed by Phokwane,
Dikgatlong and Magareng. On the other hand, the results show a movement away from
traditional dwellings in Phokwane.
Table 6 Housing Typologies
Municipality
House or
brick/concrete
block structure on
a separate stand or
yard or on a farm
Flat or apartment
in a block of flats
Cluster house
in complex
Townhouse
(semi-
detached
house in a
complex)
Semi-detached
house
House/flat/ room
in backyard
Room/flatlet
on a
property or
larger
dwelling/
servants
quarters/
granny flat
2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016
Sol Plaatjie 44 412 194 132 1 569 3 708 162 224 303 549 1 506 3 213 942 20 122 315 372
Dikgatlong 9 192 32 094 51 0 12 0 9 40 66 392 51 5 315 9 60
Magareng 5 061 18 894 30 0 15 0 6 359 165 259 42 538 6 0
Phokwane 13 938 49 089 261 312 30 0 27 201 156 195 261 896 21 133
District Total 72 603 294 209 1 911 4 020 219 0 345 1 149 1 893 4 059 1 296 26 871 351 565
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00
Phokwane
Dikgatlong
Magareng
Sol Plaatjie
Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng Sol Plaatjie
2016 40.40 37.50 43.40 42.40
2011 38.00 35.40 41.70 41.00
Female Headed Households
31
Sol Plaatje as usual has again had the biggest increase in all forms of housing typologies. While
the number of formal houses has increased, it is the increase in the number of “Flat or apartments”
and “House/flat/ room in backyard” that has shown a dramatic increase. This indicates the huge
demand for rental properties in Sol Plaatje which can be directly attributed to the impact of Sol
Plaatje university.
Overall there has been an increase in the different forms of housing typologies, with a few
exceptions in the “flat or apartment in a block of flats” in Dikgatlong and Magareng and “Cluster
house in complex” in Dikgatlong, Magareng and Phokwane, the decrease was not significant.
Figure 14 Types of dwellings - Formal
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
0 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000 200,000
House or brick/concrete block structure on a
separate stand or yard or on a farm
Flat or apartment in a block of flats
Cluster house in complex
Townhouse (semi-detached house in a complex)
Semi-detached house
House/flat/ room in backyard
Room/flatlet on a property or larger dwelling/
servants quarters/ granny flat
Formal Dwellings
Phokwane Magareng Dikgatlong Sol Plaatjie
32
Figure 15 Types of dwellings - Informal
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Annexure 1 represents the different types of dwellings. The Annexure indicate an annual growth
in structures from 17,289 to 56,643 in informal dwellings and from 78,618 to 331,097 in formal
structures, that represents an increase of 78,708 and 252,479 respectively.
3.6.4 Tenure Status
The financial arrangements between people in terms of in what way, or the rights that has been
assigned to them occupy or live in a house or apartment, refers to the tenure. Rent and owner
occupied is the most common form. Table 6 and Figure 10 below, illustrates the tenure status in
the District as well as the Sol Plaatje, Phokwane, Dikgatlong and the Magareng municipalities.
An increase, especially in houses owned indicates a positive economic growth in the area.
Dikgatlong has experience growth in terms of their population in the period up to 2016 as per the
Community Survey Report, which resulted into an increase of informal dwelling. Other contributing
factors to this increase of informal dwelling, might be the fact that Dikgatlong is in the close
proximity to Sol Plaatje which is the economic hub of the Frances Baard District.
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Informal dwelling/shack in backyard
Informal dwelling/shack not in backyard (e.g. in
an informal
Caravan/tent
Other
Informal Dwellings
Phokwane Magareng Dikgatlong Sol Plaatjie
33
Table 7 Tenure Status
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Overall the tenure status has increased in the district. A concern however is that owned and fully
paid off has increased from 26,790 to 137,840, an increase of 111,050 or 515%. There have been
no significant developments in the district that could have fueled such an extensive growth and
neither has so many subsidy houses been built.
Figure 15 Tenure status
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
The demand for housing has increased significantly over the period 2011 -2016. Rental demand
has doubled across the district with the exception of Sol Paatje where it has tripled (10 857 to
30 171). There a number of contributing factors to the growth that is experienced in Sol Plaatje,
such as the establishment of the university whereby students will need more accommodation;
development opportunities that are currently taking place within Sol Plaatje municipal area,
which has moved people from their original place of birth to come and look for employment
opportunities in Sol Plaatjie. The table below reflects, there is a huge demand for rentals.
-30000 10000 50000 90000 130000 170000 210000 250000
Rented from private individualRented
Owned; but not yet paid off
Owned and fully paid off
Occupied rent-free
Other
Tenure Status
FBDM Total Phokwane Magareng Dikgatlong Sol Plaatjie
Municipality Rent
Owned; but not
yet paid off
Owned and fully
paid off
Occupied rent-
free Other
2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011
Sol Plaatjie 30 171 10 857 44 011 10 131 137 840 26 790 14 340 9 273 27 925 3 249
Dikgatlong 2 329 1 227 883 261 41 865 5 373 1 968 4 458 775 648
Magareng 1 054 768 481 237 21 479 3 351 591 1 302 335 462
Phokwane 4 698 2 439 1250 465 46 764 9 834 4 533 4 086 2 608 720
34
In as much as Dikgatlong experienced the growth in population during the 2016 Community
Survey, there was no growth in the demand for flats or apartments simply because the people
who have recently migrated to Dikgatlong can only afford rent at the informal
settlement/dwelling, hence the table in the previous pages on dwelling types registered a growth
in the informal dwelling variable.
3.7 HOUSEHOLD SERVICES
The number of people with access to services have increase since 2011. The Community Survey
2016 indicates that more than 17 000 people have gained access to water, more than 6 000 to
sanitation and more than 61 000 to electricity.
Table 8 Household services
Municipality Water Sanitation Electricity
2011 2016 Increase /
Decrease 2011 2016
Increase /
Decrease 2011 2016
Increase /
Decrease
Sol Plaatjie 241 371,00 255 351,00 13 980,00 247 779,00 255 351,00 7 572,00 216 336,00 255 351,00 39 015,00
Dikgatlong 44 676,00 48 164,00 3 488,00 46 770,00 48 164,00 1 394,00 36 540,00 48 164,00 11 624,00
Magareng 23 058,00 24 059,00 1 001,00 24 198,00 24 059,00 139,00 21 162,00 24 059,00 2 897,00
Phokwane 61 602,00 60 168,00 1 434,00 62 919,00 60 168,00 2 751,00 52 671,00 60 168,00 7 497,00
FBDM 370 707,00 387 742,00 17 035,00 381 666,00 387 742,00 6 076,00 326 709,00 387 742,00 61 033,00
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
3.7.1 Sanitation
The Community Survey 2016 concentrated on the access to sanitation in terms of its position on
an erf and not the type of sanitation available as in the Census 2011. The results in Table 8 and
Figure 17 below reflect a decrease in the number of flush toilets in all four municipalities, in relation
to the population size. Although Dikgatlong shows a significant decline, in comparison with other
three municipalities. This is evident by the fact that Dikgatlong experienced a population growth
during the five year period (2011 – 2016). The new residents that has recently joined Dikgatlong
resides primarily in the informal structures, hence the sanitation that is used in the informal structure
is not a flush toilet. This means the population growth resulted into negative implications to
household services. Dikgatlong Municipality must address this backlog which have resulted due
to the population growth that they have experienced over the 5-year period.
35
Figure 16 Flush Toilets
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
3.7.2 Refuse Removal
Table 7 above and Figure 18 below, reflect that there is a decline in refuse removal across four
municipalities, in relation to the population size. Dikgatlong has the highest decline in comparison
with the other three municipalities, followed by Magareng. The decline in Dikgatlong on refuse
removal was also attested through the Operations and Maintenance of Public Amenities Report,
which was based on providing support to local municipalities in terms of maintaining their public
amenities. Dikgatlong has a huge number of illegal dumping sites as compared to the other
municipalities. The population growth, which resulted into the growth in the informal dwelling
residents has resulted into this decline of refuse removal. Dikgatlong Municipality must introduce
alternative methods in order to eliminate this environmental health risk.
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00
Phokwane
Dikgatlong
Magareng
Sol Plaatjie
Frances Baard District
Flush Toilets
2016 2011
36
Figure 18 Refuse Removal
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
3.7.3 Types of Refuse Removal
The results in Table 9 and Figure 19 below show an increase of annual average growth in
municipality removal dump, 17.1%, although Sol Plaatje has the highest increase, 408.% followed
by Phokwane, 62.5%. Own refuse dump is also significant across the municipalities.
Table 9 Types of refuse removal
Municipality
Removed by local
authority/private company/community
members at least
once a week
Removed by local authority/private
company/community members less
often than once a week
Communal refuse dump
Communal
container/central collection
point
Own refuse dump
Dump or leave
rubbish anywhere (no
rubbish disposal)
Other
2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016
Sol Plaatjie 212 286 212 665 3 546 5 829 18 501 5 183 0 1 525 16 002 11 920 8 757 15 109 3 780 3 120
Dikgatlong 24 438 13 950 4 236 6 132 11 751 932 0 63 11 349 2 1920 5 103 4 508 1 101 659
Magareng 15 495 15 156 576 1 069 6 387 267 0 98 6 258 7 392 1 539 14 126 64
Phokwane 39 486 37 741 4 731 3 574 14 049 2 909 0 43 12 603 9 028 4 260 6 640 225 232
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Table 9 indicates that there has been a general increase in the refuse removal process of 9%. The
number of other forms of refuse disposal has decreased, but the disposal of refuse illegally in Sol
Plaatje has increased by 173%. The with the exception of Phokwane where it has reduced.
Overall the disposal of refuse is still a serious concern which need to be addressed more seriously
and vigorously by the local municipalities.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Phokwane
Dikgatlong
Magareng
Sol Plaatjie
Frances Baard District
Refuse removal
2016 2011
37
Figure 19 Type of refuse removal
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
3.7.4 Access to Water
Table 10 below reflect that there has been a general increase in the accessibility to water in all
municipalities. In relation to the population, only 96% of the population had access to water in
2011, whereas now the Community Survey 2016 reflects that all people in the district has access
to water (100%). See table 10 below. This fact presents a challenge and is contrary to what the
four local municipalities reported in their February 2017 Back-to Basics reports. The municipalities
reported as follows:
Table 10 Population with Access to Water
Municipality Population
2016
Households
Backlog
Heads per
Household
Total Population with
No Access
Sol Plaatje 255 351 64 3.50 224
Magareng 24 059 2 156 3.50 7 546
Dikgatlong 48 164 1 760 3.30 5 808
Phokwane 60 168 5 899 3.10 18 287
FBDM Total 387 742 9 879 3.35 31 865
Source: Back-to-Basics Report February 2017
-30000
20000
70000
120000
170000
220000
Refuse Removal
Sol Plaatjie Dikgatlong Magareng Phokwane
38
Figure 20 and table 11 below provides a representation of the different sources that provides
communities with access to water in the respective municipalities. It is evident that the provision
of piped water by the municipalities has increased, resulting in a direct decrease in the alternate
sources, an exception is the “other” sources of water which had an increase, particularly in Sol
Plaatje.
Figure 20 Access to water
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Table 11 Access to water
Municipality Piped Water Borehole Rain-water tank in yard
Water-carrier/tanker
Flowing water/stream/river
Other
2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016
Sol Plaatjie 238 050 253 900 1 617 424 204 0 987 83 360 441 153 503
Dikgatlong 38 280 46 566 3 834 1 147 54 0 480 137 873 273 1 155 41
Magareng 20 769 23 299 1 392 257 78 100 756 294 51 0 12 109
Phokwane 57 189 56 397 3 150 3 044 204 0 795 147 186 152 78 428
FBDM Total 354 288 380 162 9 993 4 872 540 100 3 018 661 3 481 867 1 398 1 081
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000
Piped Water
Borehole
Rain-water tank in yard
Water-carrier/tanker
Flowing water/stream/river
Other
Access to Water
Phokwane Magareng Dikgatlong Sol Plaatjie
39
3.7.5 Access to Electricity
All four municipalities experience an increase in electricity supply for lighting between 2011 and
2016. Magareng has the most number of people with access to electricity (95%), followed by
Phokwane and Sol Plaatje (93%), while Dikgatlong has the lowest, 89%.
Figure 21 Access to Electricity
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
3.8 POVERTY
Poverty intensity and headcount
The intensity of poverty (or poverty gap) is the gauge used to assess the extent to which the
standard of living of the poor population is below the poverty line. This indicator is measured in
terms of the comparative difference between the average standard of living of the poor
population and the poverty edge.
Head count is the proportion of the population that lives below the poverty line.
Poverty intensity as indicated in Table 12 and Figure 22 below shows that there has been a
decrease in Sol Plaatje, -0.36, and Magareng, -0.3. Nevertheless, there is an increase of poverty
intensity mostly in Phokwane which indicates an annual growth of 1.9 followed by Dikgatlong with
0.26. The main reason for a decline of poverty intensity in Magareng, it is because this municipality
has experienced a decrease in population due to the fact that it inhabitants are searching for job
0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 400.00
Phokwane
Dikgatlong
Magareng
Sol Plaatjie
Frances Baard District
Access to Electricity
2016 2011
40
opportunities in other municipalities. An increase of poverty intensity in Phokwane, result from the
unavailability of job opportunities in Phokwane.
Table 12 Poverty
Poverty
2011 2016
Avg. for
Period
2011 2016
Avg. for
Period
Poverty
intensity
Poverty
headcount
Phokwane 32.1 41.6 1.9 10 7.6 -0.48
Dikgatlong 42.1 43.4 0.26 11 9.8 -0.24
Magareng 40.2 38.7 -0.3 7.6 8.1 0.1
Sol Plaatje 44.1 42.3 -0.4 5.6 3.6 -0.4
Frances Baard
District 39.63 41.50 0.38 8.55 7.28 -0.25
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
In relation to poverty headcount, there has been a decrease except in Magareng, which
experiences an increase of 0.1.
Figure 22 Poverty status
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Poverty
intensity
AG Poverty
headcount
AG
2011 2016 2011 2016
Poverty status
Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng Sol Plaatjie Frances Baard District
41
3.9 UNEMPLOYMENT PROFILE
There has been an increase of unemployment in all four municipalities as indicated in Table 13
and Figure 23. Magareng, (4.8%) and Dikgatlong, (4.6%), have the highest increase in
unemployment while Sol Plaatje has the lowest, 2.8.
Table 13 Unemployment profile
Unemployment profile
2011 2016
Avg. for
Period Unemployed
Phokwane 19 38 3.8
Dikgatlong 17 40 4.6
Magareng 17 41 4.8
Sol Plaatje 18 32 2.8
Frances Baard
District 18 38 4
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Figure 23 Unemployment profile
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2011 2016
Unemployed
Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng
Sol Plaatjie Frances Baard District
42
3.10 HOUSING DEMAND
The prioritisation of the areas with the greatest need when the housing projects are being
implemented should be the driving factor behind development. Simply because there are
limitations in terms of the housing subsidies that are allocated to the municipalities.
There are two main ways of determining housing demand and need within municipal areas, which
are:
Using statistical calculations captured through the census or other relevant studies or
Through the analysis of National Housing Needs Register
An understanding of where demand originates from, and by whom can inform decisions
regarding the types, tenure and location of homes needed as well as decisions on spending and
prioritisation. Urbanisation and a rapid increase in population affect future trends that guide
planning and the setting of priorities. Housing applicants have preferences with regards to choice
of settlement, as well as tenure aspirations.
3.11 GAP HOUSING
The National Department of Human Settlements has defined the gap as the housing market
specifically for individuals or households whose income is inadequate to qualify for a home loan,
but exceeds the maximum limit applicable to access the free basic house' subsidy scheme. These
are people who fall in income margins between R3 501 and R15 000 per month and Finance-
linked Individual Subsidy Programme or Flisp as it is known was developed to assist these
individuals.
The analyses for gap housing demand is therefore based on the number of people who fall within
this income bracket in the District Municipality. The figure below illustrates the gap housing in the
District.
43
Figure 24 Gap Housing
Source: Frances Baard District Municipality: NHNR
As depicted by figure 24 above, most of the individuals/households falling within the gap market
fall within in the Sol Plaatje Municipality with approximately 53.7% (12,898) of people falling within
this income bracket. Phokwane Municipality is the second with approximately 21.7% (5,207) of
people within the gap housing market. Both Dikgatlong and Magareng Municipality comprises
lowest percentages of people in this market with approximately 15.7% (3,771) and 7.9% (1,917)
respectively.
3.12 RENTAL HOUSING
Table 14 Rental housing demand in the District
Municipality Rent Occupied rent-free
2016 2011 2016 2011
Sol Plaatjie 30171 10857 14340 9273
Dikgatlong 2329 1227 1968 4458
Magareng 1054 768 591 1302
Phokwane 4698 2439 4533 4086
FBDM Total 38252 15291 21432 19119
Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
As indicated in table 7 on page 31, rental demand has doubled across the district, but tripled in
Sol Paatje (10 857 to 30 171). Sol Plaatje with the opening of the Sol Plaatje University has
experienced a remarkable growth in the need for more accommodation, The table below
reflects, the demand for rentals.
As can be seen from table 14, Sol Plaatje has the highest demand for rental housing of more than
30 000. This is followed by the Phokwane (4 698) and Dikgatlong Local Municipalities (2 329) and
lastly Magareng with1 054.
05000
10000150002000025000
Sol Plaatje Dikgatlong Magareng Phokwane FrancesBaard
Gap Market 12898 3771 1917 5207 23993
Gap Housing
44
3.13 TOTAL DEMAND
The total demand for the district is summarised in the following table.
Table 15 Total Demand
Subsidised
Housing
Gap
Market Rental
Sol Plaatjie 33 403 12 898 30171
Dikgatlong 10 321 3 771 2329
Magareng 4 011 1 917 1054
Phokwane 9 473 5 207 4698
FBDM Total 57 208 23 793 38252 Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016
Table 15 indicates that the demand for housing has increased since 2011. Subsidised and rental
housing demand make up the bulk of the demand. Rental demand has increased by more
than 33 000 units and subsidized housing by 40 000 units.
3.14 SUPPLY OPTIONS
While analysing demand aspects, consideration also need to be given to the supply aspects, as
these normally do not match. The following are the housing programme, subsidy mechanisms and
other instruments which are available to assist in determining and alleviating the demand.
3.14.1 National Housing Programmes, Subsidy Mechanisms and Financial Instruments
This section sets out the various subsidy programmes available from the National Department of
Human Settlements. These include: Upgrading of Informal Settlements Programme (UISP),
Integrated Residential Development Programme (IRDP), Emergency Housing Programme (EHP),
Enhanced People's Housing Process (EPHP), as well as capital contributions from municipal
finances and other relevant instruments, including the Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG).
It should be pointed out that other programmes and subsidy mechanisms might be altered or
become available from time to time. The below-mentioned focuses on current programmes and
mechanisms.
3.14.2 National Upgrading Support Programme (NUSP)
The National Upgrading Support Programme (NUSP) was designed to support the National
Department of Human Settlement (NDHS) in its implementation of the Upgrading Informal
Settlements Programme (UISP)
45
The objective of this support is the ultimate upgrading of all informal settlements in the country.
The NUSP, through the UISP and Urban Development Settlement Grant are the main vehicles used
to address the upgrade of informal settlements, which continues to be of great importance as a
consequence of the inability of the supply of low income houses to meet the housing demand.
3.14.3 Upgrading Informal Settlements Programme (UISP)
The Upgrading of Informal Settlements Programme (UISP) is the Government of South Africa’s
overarching policy approach to the upgrading of the country’s informal settlements. It details the
process and procedure for the in situ upgrading of informal settlements as it relates to the provision
of grants to a municipality to carry out the upgrading of informal settlements within its jurisdiction
in a structured manner.
The grant funding so provided will assist the municipality in fast tracking the provision of security of
tenure, basic municipal services, social and economic amenities and the empowerment of
residents in informal settlements to take control of housing development directly applicable to
them. The Programme includes, as a last resort and in exceptional circumstances, the possible
relocation and resettlement of people on a voluntary and cooperative basis as a result of the
implementation of upgrading projects.
The Programme is instituted in terms of section 3(4) (g) of the Housing Act, 1997 (Act No.107 of
1997), (“The Housing Act”) and is referred to as the National Housing Programme: Upgrading of
Informal Settlements.
The key policy objectives of the programme are to facilitate the structured in situ upgrading of
informal settlements as opposed to relocation in order to achieve the following complex and
interrelated policy objectives:
Tenure Security: to enhance the concept of citizenship, incorporating both rights and
obligations, by recognising and formalising the tenure rights of residents within informal
settlements;
Health and Security: to promote the development of healthy and secure living
environments by
facilitating the provision of affordable and sustainable basic municipal engineering
infrastructure to
The residents of informal settlements. This must allow for scaling up in the future; and
Empowerment: to address social and economic exclusion by focusing on community
empowerment and the promotion of social and economic integration, building social
capital through participative processes and addressing the broader social needs of
communities.14
The above policy objectives are also aligned with the goals and objectives of the
46
National Upgrading Support Programme itself.
3.14.4 Enhanced People’s Housing Process
To engage with the sector in the development of a new programme, national People’s Housing
Process (PHP) Forums were held in October 2005 and February 2006, out of which a new PHP
strategy was developed. The strategy recognized that a number of different approaches to
community development needed to be accommodated with community involvement in the
decision making processes, community empowerment and the leveraging of additional resources
being the determining factors for making it a project. This broadening of the scope of the PHP,
with a focus on the outcomes of the housing process as a whole rather than just how the housing
product is delivered, informed the development of the Enhanced People’s Housing Process (EPHP)
policy and programme. EPHP therefore replaces the PHP and should be seen as a new housing
programme, with dedicated support and funding for harnessing community initiative, community
empowerment and the building of community partnerships.
The EPHP provides for a process in which beneficiaries actively participate in decision-making over
the housing process and housing product and make a contribution in such a way that:
a) Beneficiaries are empowered individually and collectively so that the community
ultimately takes control of the housing process themselves. This includes identifying the
land, planning the settlement, getting approvals and resources to begin the
development, contracting out or building the houses and providing the services, living in
and upgrading their homes and continually improving the community;
b) Various partnerships are created;
c) Social capital is retained and expanded upon as the process builds on existing livelihood
strategies and creates all kinds of associated poverty alleviation opportunities for the
community;
d) Housing is valued as an asset far beyond its monetary value for all the value added
components it provides for individual household members and for the family as a whole;
e) Housing citizenship is built, with beneficiaries being aware of their housing rights and
responsibilities;
f) Local economic development is promoted with money spent being kept in the
community increasing the local multiplier effect;
g) Stable communities with a direct stake in the future of their neighbourhoods are fostered;
h) Houses are built that are better suited to the needs of individual households;
i) Women and youths are more directly involved in the process, ensuring skills transfer;
j) Human settlements are built that are more sustainable because they are more inclusive
and more responsive to the needs of the community and because communities have
invested directly in the process.15
47
3.14.5 Integrated Residential Development Programme (IRDP)
As the name suggests, this programme provides a tool to plan and develop integrated settlements
that include all the necessary land uses and housing types and price categories to become a
truly integrated community.
The Programme in particular provides for planning and developing an integrated project, which
provides for housing as well as the social and economic needs of different income categories. It
does away with the requirement found in other policy programmes to identify subsidised housing
recipients up front and provides for both subsidised, as well as finance linked housing, social and
rental housing, commercial, institutional and other land uses to be developed.
Owing to the holistic planning and development approach, the instrument also provides for
substantial economies of scale to be realised. Integration is achieved through the provision of
both bonded and subsidised housing in a mix appropriate to the projects location, which in turn
lends itself to facilitating inclusionary housing development (which requires a certain number of
affordable housing units to be delivered in any residential development).
Projects can be planned and developed in two phases. The first phase encompassing planning,
land acquisition, township establishment and providing serviced residential stands in a variety of
price categories as well as stands for other land uses to ensure a holistic and sustainable
community. In the second phase, houses are constructed for qualifying housing beneficiaries and
the Sole of stands to non-qualifying beneficiaries and to commercial interests, etc. is undertaken.
In summary, the Integrated Residential Development Programme (IRDP) provides for a phased
approach to provide for:
Land acquisition where required;
Township planning and municipal engineering services design;
The provision of municipal engineering services to all the stands where no alternative
funds are available;
Township establishment;
The Sole of the stands not identified for subsidized housing created in the township; and
The construction of houses by registered contractors for housing subsidy beneficiaries
who chose contractor built houses. This can be achieved through a variety of
contracting options.
Where the need has been identified for the construction of rental housing on the stands created
through the IRDP and or where beneficiaries elect to construct their own houses through the
People’s Housing Process, the rules applicable to those specific programmes will apply to projects
to be undertaken in the township16.
48
3.14.6 Rural Subsidy: Communal Land Rights (RS&CLR)
Owing to the difficulty of defining rural and urban areas, the conventional wisdom tends to view
human settlements on a continuum from major metropolitan urban agglomerations through
various secondary settlements, to small towns and down to widely dispersed homesteads in
remote areas. All are regarded as interdependent and fulfil different functions.
The various housing subsidy instruments need to cater for all these diverse circumstances. Bearing
in mind the policy principle of tenure security, the subsidy instruments provide for assistance in all
types of settlements along the continuum where freehold or rental tenure can be achieved.
In areas of communal tenure and where traditional leaders allocate land for settlement to
households or persons, freehold tenure can in most cases not be easily secured. Hence it was
necessary to develop a programme to assist households in areas with communal tenure to access
housing subsidies.
The Rural Housing Programme requires that tenure rights first be confirmed through the processes
prescribed by the Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform. Furthermore, subsidies are only
available on a project basis but and can be flexibly applied to meet real needs.
The Programme thus deals with the rules for housing subsidies for housing development on
communal land registered in the name of the state or which will be held by community members
subject to the rules or custom of that community. It is a prerequisite for the allocation of subsidies
under the Programme that a beneficiary community member provides proof of uncontested land
tenure rights and qualifies for a new order tenure right on the portion of land allocated to him or
her.
The housing subsidy may be utilised for the development of internal municipal services where no
alternative funds are available, house building, upgrading of existing services where no alternative
funding is available the upgrading of existing housing structures or any combination of the said
options.
3.15 OTHER STAKEHOLDERS
3.15.1 Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG)
The Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) aims to provide all South African citizens with a basic level
of service. MIG provides funding towards the provision of bulk infrastructure in municipalities,
which is mostly used for the provision of water and sanitation services, roads and storm water
services. A lesser portion of the Grant is used for street lighting, solid waste removal and sport
facility provision.
49
3.15.2 Department of Water and Sanitation
This department plays a vital role in the development of human settlements as the provision of
basic services is the fundamental element linked to the provision of housing. Alignment between
Human Settlements and DWA is crucial to ensure the viability and success of projects.
3.15.3 Social Housing regulatory Authority (SHRA)
The Social Housing Regulatory Authority (the "SHRA") was established in August 2010 by the Minister
of Human Settlements in terms of the Social Housing Act, No. 16 of 2008. The SHRA is classified as
a public entity in terms of Schedule 3A of the Public Finance Management Act.
Functions of SHRA include:
Promote the development and awareness of social housing by providing an enabling
environment for the growth and development of the social housing sector;
Provide advice and support to the Department of Human Settlements in its development
of policy for the social housing sector and facilitate national social housing programmes;
Provide best practice information and research on the status of the social housing sector;
Support provincial governments with the approval of project applications by social
housing institutions;
Provide assistance, when requested, with the process of the designation of restructuring
zones and Enter into agreements with provincial governments and the National Housing
Finance Corporation to ensure the co-ordinated exercise of powers.
3.15.4 National Housing Finance Corporation LTD (NHFC)
The National Housing Finance Corporation (NHFC) is a development finance institutions
established by the South African government to fund and facilitate the development of
affordable housing. NHFC’s principal mandate is to broaden and deepen access to affordable
housing finance and housing structures for the benefit of the low- to middle-income households.
3.15.5 Rural Housing Loan Fund
The Rural Housing Loan Fund (RHLF) is a Section 21 Company,” Associated Not for Gain”, wh ich
was established in 1996 by the national Department of Housing, South Africa with initial grant
funding from the German development bank, the Kreditanstalt "fur Weiderbaufbau (KFW). RHLF
was set up as a wholesale development finance institution with the mandate of enabling low
income earners to access small loans that they could afford to repay.
50
3.15.6 NURCHA
The National Urban Reconstruction and Housing Agency (Nurcha) was established in 1995 by the
Open Society Institute and the South African government to address the severe housing shortage
in the nascent South African democracy. By providing training and bridge loans to small
contractors, Nurcha not only supports the creation of affordable housing, it also stimulates
employment, skill-building and community development. Nurcha has assisted nearly 1,000
independent contractors in this way, helping them to grow into successful construction
companies.
3.16 ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL CONTEXT
The basic principle of spatial planning is one of acknowledging that the required post-apartheid
transformation rests not only in addressing historic imbalances but rests fundamentally in the
traditions of planning and development that are being established. The municipal human
settlement plan should begin to make positive advances in the spatial restructuring, economic
reorientation and the development of sustainable human settlements.
This would lead to an incremental progression towards efficient and equitable settlements. The
Constitution allows that the right to adequate housing cannot be achieved immediately but must
be achieved over time. However the municipality must demonstrate that it has worked as
effectively as possible to achieve this right. Consequently the municipality would need to devise
a scheduled implementation program.
3.16.1 Spatial Location and Boundaries
Figure 25 indicates the District Municipal boundaries and the local municipalities situated within it.
51
Figure 25 District and Municipal Boundaries and Locality
Source: Frances Baard SDF 2014
3.16.2 Settlement Patterns
The map in figure 26 indicates the position and general concentration of urban centres together
with their rural hinterlands, situated within the various local municipal areas in the Frances Baard
District.
Figure 26 Settlement Patterns
Source: Frances Baard Online GIS
52
3.16.3 Dispersed Rural Settlements
The levels of services in these settlements are generally low with the majority of the residential
structures being self-built. Normally these areas are identified as areas known for agricultural
activities there is generally no sign of economic activity outside the urbanized areas.
Thus rural settlements serve as residential areas with a very limited economic base. Inhabitants are
dependent on external sources of income and social welfare grants. The dispersed nature of these
settlements has negative implications for the provision of bulk infrastructure. Provision of bulk
infrastructure is cost effective where there are high population densities, whereas in low density
settlements the cost of providing bulk infrastructure is very high.
Residents in rural settlements have always constructed their own dwellings. Furthermore the post
1994 government housing subsidy system set out requirements that automatically excluded rural
areas. The project linked subsidy (PLS) was the preferred subsidy instrument with the following
stipulations:
Proclamation of a formal township with a general plan issued by the Surveyor General;
Serviced land with onsite water connections and water borne sewerage; and
Formal titles had to be issued to beneficiaries
This has resulted in households deserving of housing support unable to access housing support.
The introduction of the rural subsidy instrument is a fundamental policy shift facilitating equity.
Consequently, government has identified rural housing as a delivery priority (BNG 2005). Housing
subsidization can now be awarded in villages that are communally owned.
3.16.4 Peri-Urban and Semi-Urban Settlements
These areas provide opportunities for economies of agglomeration that will result to the provision
of higher order services. These are obvious areas of development, however, the level of basic
services (social, economic and infrastructure) are minimal to provide a viable option to the village
centre. The key advantage of these areas is that land is owned by the state.
Thus the following should be the development focus of the municipality in these areas:
Formalization of tenure (tenure upgrade);
Upgrade of services such as bulk infrastructure to be able to install water borne sewerage
and in-house connections; and
Provision of social services
3.16.5 Urban Settlements
The following maps indicate the urban settlements within their respective local municipal urban
edge boundaries. As determined in the previous section on demographic analysis the demand
53
for housing and supply is found in urban settlements where there are higher concentrations of
population numbers. This demand is primarily in the less formal settlement areas.
Each municipality has a defined urban edge as can be determined in the following maps. The
urban edge is essentially a strategy to counter urban sprawl, encourage densification and
protect natural resources.
3.16.6 Spatial Integration
From a housing and human settlement point of view, the key issue is to promote the social,
economic and spatial integration of the District and local municipalities. The distribution of
land uses in a municipality clearly outlines the spatial configuration of the municipality. The
ideal outcome is to change the spatial footprint of the municipality. However the municipality can
neither socially nor economically afford to drastically change long- established settlement
patterns.
The strategic response to spatial integration particularly to the tribal settlements in the periphery
encompasses two major planning interventions, namely:
To ensure access to social and economic services; and
Topromotemixedusethatincludeseconomicactivitiesbasedonskillsthatalready exist in the
community.
Housing development provides a platform for the delivery of other basic services such as
electricity, water, road infrastructure amongst others. Furthermore it is critical that the identified
land for housing development promotes spatial integration and access to social services (with
basic amenities, sports and recreation, clinics, libraries, shopping malls, cemeteries, schools and
other social services), economic (access to employment opportunities, trade and industry).The
following maps from the FBDM SDF 2014, figure 27 -30, indicate the District level spread of ancillary
services and amenities.
54
3.16.7 Access to Social Services
Figure 27 Social Facilities
Source: FBDM SDF 2014
3.16.8 Access to Educational Facilities
Figure 28 Locality Educational Facilities
Source: FBDM SDF 2014
55
3.16.9 Safety
Figure 29 Locality of Police Stations
Source: FBDM SDF 2014
3.16.10 Access to Cemeteries
Figure 30 Cemeteries
Source: FBDM SDF 2014
56
3.16.11 Spatial Analysis in terms of land availability for development
This is the discussion on land availability on future housing projects. It is important to view land
acquisition in terms of its merits with regard to its closeness to bulk services, suitability and ownership
status. Most housing projects are failing as most of the land identified, is in one way or another, not
conducive for the development of houses.
3.16.12 Alignment with National spatial objectives
The following spatial objectives need to be considered in drawing up sustainable human
settlement strategies in the next section.
a) National Spatial Objectives
The following are the national spatial objectives (Department of Human Settlements, South African
Human Settlement Report, 2013).:
Shifting jobs and investment towards dense townships which are located on the
margins/outskirts of cities;
Moving away from building new settlements which are far from places of work;
Planned economic and settlements developments possibilities ought to be streamlined
into economically active corridors and development nodes linking them to adjacent
growth centres;
In terms of spatial, economic, social and environmental objectives former
disadvantaged, traditional, rural, squatter camps, slums and land holdings owned either
by state or enterprises should be integrated into spatial forms of the different levels of
governance; and
New spatial plans for cities, improved public transport and upgrading informal
settlements should be developed
b) Provincial Spatial Objectives
With regard to planning for dwellings, consideration should be taken pertaining to government
strategic objectives in particular the spatial and racial integration of post-apartheid communities.
This holistic approach as proposed by Department of Human Settlements, (South African Human
Settlement Report, 2013), will contribute positively in addressing housing backlogs and alter the
apartheid spatial forms and make sure that low income households both in rural or urban areas
have easy access to economic centres
The following table summarises key national, provincial and local focus areas
57
Table 16 Focus Area
National Investment Direction Northern Cape Examples
National
Development
Plan: Vision for
2030
Informal Settlements upgrading Upgrading
of Snake Park
Informal
Settlement
National
Spatial
Development
Perspective
There must be guiding principles and mechanisms for
directing infrastructure investment and development
decisions The bulk supply of infrastructure must be
directed to areas showing potential growth nodes.
Bulk
Infrastructure
Plan
SPLUMA There must be a clear strategy which provide direction
for development, investment in infrastructure promoting
effective, sustainable as well as well-planned key
investment areas in all economic sectors indicating main
priority areas for investment
NC Provincial
Growth and
Development
Strategy
State of the
Nation Address
(2014)
The control and management system of land use should
incorporate all municipality areas and particularly
include provisions that are flexible and relevant for
managing poor areas, informal settlements as well
former homelands.
Providing houses as well as additional services to revive
mining towns.
Fast-tracking the settlement of outstanding land claims
It is expected of mining companies to transform or
upgrade hostels into family units, get the tenure rate of
one person per room and also assist home ownership
alternatives for mine workers.
Promotion of inclusive economic growth as well as
building a more well-off society
See Mining
Towns
Minister’s
Budget
Speech (2014)
Target to build 216 000 houses and connect 905 000
households to electricity over the Medium Term
Expenditure Framework (MTEF ) period.
Accelerated public infrastructure investment; Support for
special economic zones and manufacturing incentives
in the Industrial Policy Action Plan
Refer to :
Special
Economic
Zones
58
National Investment Direction Northern Cape Examples
Provincial
Growth and
Development
Strategy
The PDGS intends to uplift, diversify and transform
provincial economy. Infrastructure pertaining to
economic growth as well as social development
should be enhanced.
Development
of a Bulk
Infrastructure
Plan
Provincial
Spatial
Development
Framework
The PSDF intends to make it a point that new
developments enhance qualitative urban integration,
reasonable housing as well as densificationing
financially viable way without compromising existing
property value.
Develop Inner
City Infill
Strategies
Provincial
Budget
Speech (2014
According to MEC of Finance in the Northern Cape
human settlements(housing)provision and eradication of
informal settlements are the focal point in the province
infrastructure investment.
NC Informal
Settlements
Upgrading
Strategy
Opening of
Parliament:
Provincial
Address(2014)
Observe transformed emphasis in the areas of housing.
Increase infrastructural growth Housing backlogs be
addressed through the integrated housing
development plan
Targettorectify150houses, planning and surveying of
5187 sites, servicing 2980 sites and constructing of 3542
houses in the province
About 35 FLISP subsidies are planned in order to yield
over 50 GAP housing opportunities all over the province
Human
Settlements
Multi- Year Plan
3.16.13 Special Economic Zones
There is only one SEZ in the Northern Cape which is situated in Upington and the airport there is
earmarked for manufacturing of related agricultural products, electronics goods production, SKA
and solar energy goods and services. During the 2014 budget speech by the Minister of Finance
Mr. Pravin Gordhan, he stated that one of governments focus area is with regards to supporting
Special Economic Zones and manufacturing incentives.
The following table demonstrates the potential for SEZ initiatives in the Northern Cape
59
Table 17 Potential for SEZs
Proposed SEZ Development Location Types of SEZ
Frances Baard SEZ (Kimberly
Diamond Hub)
Kimberly CBD Business Enterprise Zone
and Hybrid Export
Processing Zone
3.16.14 Development Corridors
According to the Northern Cape Provincial Growth and Development Strategy there is a need to
create development corridors within the Province. The implication is that priorities must be on
providing continuous support to catalyze top economic development linked to transport/corridors
and within special resource areas as well as providing required infrastructure and sustainable
services in support of economic development alongside transport/corridors and resource areas.
One way of providing support to this initiative will be to ensure that there is adequate housing
provision in close proximity to the corridors. The following table highlights the specific agricultural
based corridors.
3.16.15 Key Agricultural Development Areas
Table 18 Development corridors
Corridor Locality Municipality
This corridor stretches from
Hartswater, Jan Kempdorp through
to Prieska via Hopetown and
Douglas.
Phokwane, Sol Plaatje,
Siyathemba, Siyancuma
and Thembelihle local
municipalities
Table 19 Key agricultural development areas
District Municipality Local Municipality Towns Product
Frances Baard Phokwane Hartswater Crop and
livestock farming
3.16.16 Spatial Development Frameworks
The spatial analysis culminates in the compilation of a final SDF for the province, district and each
municipality. In the review of same, new projects will be updated and remapped during annual
review. The composite plans are included here for integration purposes as a snapshot, the
intention is not to replicate the SDF more detail is available on the large scale maps contained in
the approved FB SDF 2014. Figure 31 depicts the information as per the SDF.
60
3.16.17 Provincial Spatial Development Framework(PSDF)
Figure 31 Provincial Spatial Development Framework (PSDF)
Source: Northern Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework
3.16.18 Capacity of Bulk Services
There is no doubt that access to basic services improves the quality of life of households. The
planning for the provision of bulk services through the Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) should
at the district level seek alignment with the housing projects and focused human settlement
development, particularly to address the acute water and sanitation backlogs. Identification of
projects that are listed in the District Water and Sanitation Plan should be informed by the priority
municipal housing projects identified in this plan.
3.16.19 Findings of the Spatial Analysis
Like the rest of South Africa, the Frances Baard District Municipality, recognises the challenges for
many people living in the district who are settled in places which have been defined by
inadequate past spatial planning and land use laws and practices resulting in unsustainable
settlement patterns. The inefficiency of multiple laws at different spheres of government has
created fragmentation, duplication and unfair discrimination. It also recognises that some parts
of our urban and rural areas are excluded from the benefits of spatial development planning and
land use management systems.
NC Development Regions and
Corridors
61
4. STRATEGY
Analysis of much of the new legislation contained in section 3 of this report concentrates on policy
and intent to move from housing development to sustainable human settlement development
these new pieces of legislation, policies, strategies and objectives have been drafted over the
past 10 years and call for reforms to the current planning system, development of a strategy for
densification of cities, substantial investment into public transport provision, a national spatial
development framework and norms to improve the balance between location of jobs and
people, a comprehensive review of the grant and subsidy regime for housing, a national spatial
restructuring fund, a national observatory for spatial data and analysis, citizen activity for local
planning and development initiatives and more effective land markets for the poor.
4.1 PROPOSED HUMAN SETTLEMENTS STRATEGIES
Provincial Human Settlement Strategies. The following are the provincial Human Settlement
Strategy Objectives as defined in the HDA Provincial Strategy.
Table 20 Objectives of the Human Settlements Plan
Objectives Description
1 Revitalisation of Mining Towns This objective is derived from the national imperative
which aims at the revitalization of mining towns. This is very
vital for the Northern Cape Province since the mining
sector is the largest economic contributor.
2 Aligning Housing Delivery to
economic development
direction
This objective will focus on establishing linkages with the
Department of Trade and Industry. Development initiatives
and plans may include SEZs and Development Corridors.
3 Aligning Housing Delivery to
municipal development plans
This objective will focus on re-enforcing linkages with
Municipal development plans
4 Aligning Housing Delivery to
Provincial Economic
development and tourism
activity
This objective will focus on establishing linkages with the
Department of Economic Development and Tourism.
Development initiatives and plans may include nodes and
development corridors.
5 Aligning Housing Delivery to
Agriculture, Land reform and
rural development
This objective will focus on establishing linkages with the
provincial Department of Agriculture and Land Affairs as
to foster sustainable and economic agricultural activity in
the province. This is very vital for the Northern Cape since
62
Objectives Description
the agricultural and agro-processing sector is the second
major economic contributor
6 Address existing Housing
Backlogs
This objective focuses on addressing backlogs in all
municipalities throughout the province. It is also in
alignment with Outcome 8 of the National Development
Plan and the National Human Settlements mandate of the
provision of housing
7 Planning for areas with High
population growth
This objective will focus on providing integrated
sustainable human settlements for the Northern Cape
residents
8 Planning for areas with High
urbanization rate
This objective will focus on creating diversified housing
typologies such as Rental Housing to meet the present and
anticipated population growth.
9 Addressing Apartheid
induced segregation,
fragmentation and inequality
This objective will focus on establishing integrated and
coordinated planning.
10 Supporting historically black
townships
This objective will focus on developing hubs, nodes
and linkages within previously disadvantaged
communities.
11 Creating dignified places This objective will focus on promoting the values of
equality, integration and sustainable development.
12 Attainment of sustainable
Human settlements
This objective will focus on considering guidelines and
principles with regards to sustainable human settlements.
13 Addressing previous social
exclusion
This objective will focus on promoting a mix of race and
classes through social cohesion.
4.2 FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT HUMAN SETTLEMENTS STRATEGIES
Table 21 Strategies
Goals Strategies Target / Indicator
To provide more
houses to cover
the housing
backlog
Apply for housing subsidies from the
Provincial National Department of Human
Settlements to provide the current and
future backlog.
Target:
Eradication of the housing
backlog.
Identification and packaging of
future housing projects.
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Goals Strategies Target / Indicator
Promote other housing programmes such
as People’s Housing Process, CRU, Social
Housing, Institutional Housing, Middle-
Income Housing, rental housing, hostel
redevelopments and farm worker housing.
Allocate subsidies to programmes in terms
of agreed percentages stated in the
Housing Sector Plan
Indicator:
Number of approved subsidies.
Number of houses built.
Approval from COGHSTA for
future housing projects.
To identify and
develop suitably
located land for
housing projects
Identify suitably located government-
owned land for housing development
In the event that government land is not
available, purchase adequate land to
provide stands for the housing backlog.
Survey and service stands for allocation and
housing development
Target:
Identify and secure sufficient
land to eradicate backlog.
Indicator:
Number of services and surveyed
land.
To ensure the
building of
quality houses
The Municipality to inspect the construction
of houses from foundation to completion to
ensure that quality houses are built. Enforce
compliance to building regulations, NHRBC
standards and municipal by-laws including
the use of SABS approved materials.
Project Steering Committees to be formed
involving the developer, ward committee
members, representatives and other local
stakeholders to oversee the execution of
the project.
Target:
To provide quality houses without
any defects.
Indicator:
Number of households without
defects and according to
NHBRC, SABS and Municipal
Standards.
To provide for
institutional
development
and a policy
framework
To ensure proper allocation and transfer of
erven and units to rightful owners.
Proper management and updating of
waiting list.
Develop sufficient skills and capacity on
local level.
Target:
Fully functioning institutional and
policy framework
Measurable Indicator:
Frequently update and proper
management of waiting lists.
Number of Title deed transfers
compared to units developed
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Goals Strategies Target / Indicator
Time taken to transfer ownership
Allocations according to
allocation policy
To maximise the
economic
benefits of
housing
provision
New housing developments need to be
located in areas that facilitate access to
employment opportunities and services.
Alternatively, employment nodes need to
be developed alongside proposed housing
developments. Each development should
have access to public transport and thus
provision should also be made for
supporting infrastructure such as taxi and
bus ranks.
The housing subsidy scheme should give rise
to empowerment of previously
disadvantaged local communities along
with emerging companies. The emphasis is
on utilisation of local labour and skills
transfer.
Target:
To maximise the economic
impact of developments.
To locate new developments in
close proximity to employment
nodes
Measurable Indicator:
Bus and taxi routes in all new
developments
Number of households within in
close proximity to employment
node.
Number of local people
employed to undertake skilled,
semi-skilled and unskilled tasks.
Value of work undertaken by
local people in terms of skilled,
semi-skilled and unskilled jobs.
Number of local contractors able
to tender or is subcontracted for
new construction projects.
To provide basic
services
All new housing developed needs to
include pay as you go electricity provision,
as well as sewer and water connections. (It
is easier and cheaper to service areas as
they are developed rather than at a later
stage.)
The HSP can provide input into the
municipalities SDBIP and IDP planning
processes in terms of service provision.
Target:
Provide services to all housing
projects
Indicator:
Inclusion of water, sanitation and
electricity for all housing projects.
Number of houses with access to
services
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Table 22 Frances Baard District Objectives
Goal Objective
Infrastructure
Improved
access to
sustainable
basic services
in the District.
To assist LM’s with Projects Identification, Review and Prioritisation in IDP’s
annually.
To support the provision of potable water, sanitation, facilities, electricity
and streets and storm water to all households in the district by 2016/2017
To support Operation and Maintenance of infrastructure in the LM’s
annually.
To promote Transport Planning in the LM’s in the district by 2016/2017
To create job opportunities for unemployed through the promotion of
EPWP principles in the district and LMs by 2016/2017
Housing
Facilitate the
creation of
sustainable
human
settlements
Facilitate the reduction of the Housing backlog.
Capacitate the consumers of human settlements in the district
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5. PROJECTS
5.1 PROJECTS LINKED TO IDP AND SDF
The Frances Baard District has identified the need to plan properly for implementation of projects
as one of the most critical components in the delivery of sustainable human settlements is
planning. Through the various policies and frameworks that the District has put in place this can
be achieved. The previous section on spatial analysis has demonstrated the linkage with the IDP
and SDF which guides the overall spatial planning within the jurisdiction of the District. It
respectively sets out the long term spatial development vision of the District. As a result, all the
human settlement plans and projects are planned in a manner that adheres to the spatial vision
of the Spatial Development Framework.
5.2 PROJECT PIPELINE
Coghsta been involved in a process of planning and phasing of projects for effective
implementation with the support of the Housing Development Agency (HDA). See annexure 2.
The ‘Project Pipeline’ has been done to verify the status and to determine progress that has been
achieved for these projects within the District. This process has also been able to determine the
readiness of different projects for implementation. The District is now able to categorise projects
that still need to undergo town planning and engineering and design processes as well as those
which are ready for the construction of top structures. The Project Pipeline has therefore enabled
the District to prioritise its projects, seek funding timeously, adhere to the spatial vision of the District
and more importantly deliver on the developmental objectives and priorities.
5.3 LIST OF APPROVED HOUSING PROJECTS
Table 23 below indicates the list of projects approved for funding by Coghsta for the 2017/18
financial year. Once all of the projects have been identified and initially prioritized, individual
programs and cash flows are determined. Once all of the programs and cash flows are
completed they are summarized into an overall project program schedule and then into a single
cash flow spread sheet.
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Table 23: List of Approved Projects
Approved Projects 2016/ 2017 Project List
HSS Reference
No. Municipality Town Project description
A16010004 All FLISP
A16010001 All
Project description Pre
94
A16010002 All Accreditation
HSS Reference
No. Municipality Town Project description
A16010008 Dikgatlong Delportshoop Proteahof
A14010004 Sol Plaatje Level 2 Kimberley Jacksonville (339)
A15010001 Sol Plaatje Level 2 Kimberley Promised Land (50)
A14100002 Sol Plaatje Kimberley Snake Park
A11080004 Magareng Warrenton Magareng
A13110003 Phokwane Jankempdorp Masakeng 1200
A12070002 Phokwane Ganspan Kingston 685
NEW Phokwane Ganspan
Ganspan Bulk
Sanitation Feasibility
Priority Project
A15020005 Sol Plaatje CATALYTIC Lerato Park
A15020004/1 Sol Plaatje Lerato Park
Source: Housing Development Agency
5.4 LIST OF MUNICIPAL HOUSING PROJECTS
Each of the three local municipalities have submitted a list of projects which have been approved
by their respective municipal councils. These lists, represented by tables 24 -26, have been
included to represent the projects already funded by Coghsta and those that could be funded
going forward.
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Table 24 Magareng List of Housing Projects
No Project Description Number of Units Project Status
1. Majeng 150 Current project
2. Ikhutseng 1,290 Future Project
3. Warrenville 558 Future Project
4. Vaalhuis 57 Current Project
5. Military Veteran village 110 Future Project
6. Mixed Development 800 Future Project
Source: Magareng Municipality
Table 25 Dikgatlong List of Housing Projects
No Project Description Number of Units Project Status
1. Kutlwano 230 To be undertaken
2. Hebronpark 250 To be undertaken
3. Proteahof 217 To be undertaken
4. Ya Rona Infill
5. Rooikoppies 200 Future
6. Proteahof 265 Future
7. Koopmansfontein 12 Future
Source: Dikgatlong Municipality
Table 26 Phokwane List of Housing Projects
No Project Description Number of Units Project Status
1. Jan Kempdorp Valspan 274 Completed
2. Jan Kempdorp Valspan and Andalusia Park
Grinaker
647 Completed
3. Jan Kempdorp Valspan 1000 13 Outstanding
4. Jan Kempdorp Valspan Kingston 685 Currently Running
5. Jan Kempdorp - Tshireletso 661 Completed
6. Hartswater PHP 636 Completed
7. Pampierstad 1422 48 Outstanding
8. Pampierstad 250 Completed
9. Pampierstad 900 35 Outstanding
10. Jan Kempdorp Ganspan 531 Future Projects
11. Jan Kempdorp Ganspan 294 Future Projects
12. Jan Kempdorp Guldenskat 608 Future Projects
13. Pampierstad Shanty Section 600 (Infill) Future Projects
14. Valspan Kingston Ext Jan Kempdorp 338 Future Projects
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No Project Description Number of Units Project Status
15. Hartswater 127 Future Projects
16. Hartswater Nkandla 2 489 Future Projects
17. Magogong 32 Future Projects
18. Valspan Jan Kempdorp 500 (Infill) Future Projects
Source: Phokwane Municipality
5.5 PROJECT FINANCE
A municipality must constantly review its financing and funding models associated with all forms
of housing development and delivery to develop integrated housing. The imperative of ensuring
the on-going delivery of housing opportunities must be matched with appropriately sustainable
housing funding models. In this regard the linking and alignment of the various state housing
subsidy programmes is essential to ensure integrated and diverse housing and community
developments.
Whilst the state housing subsidy mechanisms are the key catalysts for housing opportunity delivery,
these must be appropriately linked to the various other state funding initiatives available whilst
being geared to other non-governmental resources. In this regard the seamless interaction of state
funding from all sources (i.e. Department of Land Affairs, Department of Provincial and Local
Government, Department of Housing, National Treasury et al) must be continually pursued,
thereby limiting the burden on the municipal funds whilst, simultaneously utilising the various fund
provisions to maximise the quality and volume of housing opportunities delivered.
By utilising all available grant funds, the municipality should be able to enhance the quality of the
services provided to citizens whilst simultaneously limiting the on-going maintenance costs
associated with the infrastructure installed to service the various housing developments. The
formalisation of the municipal informal settlements allows for the expansion of direct monthly
invoicing for services rendered by the various departments (which in turn allows for expanded
revenue collection opportunities for the town). Funds so obtained are, inter alia, utilised for the
expansion of the municipal’s informal settlements and related upgrade/development
programmes.
A municipality should, through a structured housing maintenance programme, establish a process
where major state funding is released to ensure the refurbishment and upgrading of its housing
rental properties. Whilst this major upgrading programme will enhance the municipal housing
70
asset base, the imperatives associated with this upgrading programme embody the expansion of
the municipal monthly charge collection mechanisms in terms of the appropriate debt
management policies and by- laws.
A municipality, by ensuring a financial parachute to its housing occupants, should provide
targeted pro poor funding for the various services incorporated in its service offering. These
instruments include, inter alia, housing grants (rental and selling schemes), rates rebates, and free
basic water and electricity. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, a comprehensive review of the
municipal‘s various financial processes and interventions ensures the development of housing
opportunities and communities whilst ensuring that a financially sustainable approach is adopted.
5.6 BLOCKED PROJECTS
Typical issues that block housing delivery:
a. Water and Sanitation, the water and sanitation connection for all the projects is
incomplete whereas payments have been effected. Consequently beneficiaries refuse
to sign happy letters
b. Land Transfer, there are delays in the transfer of land from the national government to
the municipality for the purposes of title deed handover to beneficiaries.
c. Land Invasions, sites approved on the Surveyor General’s map have been invaded
resulting in a shortage of sites for approved beneficiaries.
d. Structural Defects, the quality of the workmanship on some of the units is of poor
standard.
5.6 Project Risk Assessment
Risk assessments is a fundamentally important part of the project implementation. It allows the
District to understand better potential threats and opportunities in the implementation of projects.
Equally, by planning for unexpected events, the District is able to put in place a framework that
allows for swift response when unexpected events arise. The District’s risk planning process
involves establishing a list of internal and external risks, the likelihood of occurrence of each
respective risk and proposed actions to manage and mitigate against the risk. Table 27 below
outlines the risks identified, their likelihood and proposed actions to address the risk.
71
Table 27 Potential risks
RISK
CATEGORIES
IDENTIFIED RISKS LIKELIHOOD
H/M/L
PROPOSED ACTIONS TO MITIGATE RISKS
Funding Funding Allocations insufficient to
deliver on targets
H Set up framework to outline and guide funding
priorities for the District.
Funding for accreditation
insufficient for adequate
capacitation
H Continue to use services of Housing Development
Agency.
Institutional Interdepartmental coordination
weak
H Focused effort to ensure coordination between
the infrastructure, Town Planning, IDP unit, and the
relationship with Province.
Weak communication with local
municipalities
H Ensure systematic approach to foster active
communication and dissemination of information
between the District and local municipalities.
Beneficiaries Administration of beneficiaries in
projects still problematic
H Effort to improve communication with the
supported local municipalities and the
involvement of communities.
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6. INTEGRATION
6.1 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS (BNG)
(2004)
Ten years after the introduction of the housing programme in 1994, a comprehensive review was
undertaken of the outcomes of the programme and the changes in the socio‐economic context
in the country. This lead to the approval of the Comprehensive Plan for Sustainable Human
Settlements commonly referred to as “Breaking new Ground” or “BNG”, by Cabinet in September
2004.
This plan is a fundamental document giving effect to the National Department’s mandate in terms
of the provision of adequate housing to all with reference to section 26 of the Constitution. This
plan shifts the focus to improving the quality of housing and housing environments by integrating
communities and settlements, while retaining the basic principles of the Housing White Paper. The
plan provides for a shift in focus from providing housing to creating sustainable human settlements.
6.2 OUTCOME 8: MEDIUM TERM STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 2014-2019
The Department of Human Settlements (DHS) has developed a Draft Medium Term Strategic
Framework (MTSF Draft) to Achieve Outcome 8 and the NDP Vision 2030. The Framework
acknowledges the challenge that people who live in informal settlements face in terms of finding
employment and thereby improving their income. Unemployment prevents them from moving
out of informal settlements and access more formal accommodation. Most migrants use informal
settlements as landing points in towns and cities as these offers an affordable means of
accommodation.
Better spatial planning to better target resource allocation
Ensuring that poor households have adequate housing in better living environments
Supporting the development of a functionally and equitable residential property market
Improving institutional capacity and coordination
The Framework includes clear actions, indicators and targets to deliver the outcomes. The
Department of Human Settlements will manage implementation of the plans expressed in the
73
MTSF and will coordinate through the Social and Economic Clusters. They will report through
MinMec, Technical MinMec, Human Settlements Technical Implementation Forum and Human
Settlements Delivery and Coordination/ Forums established by all three spheres of government at
national, provincial and local levels.
6.3 LINKAGE, INTEGRATION AND COMPLIANCE TO OTHER PLANS AND
PROGRAMMES
The purpose of “Integration” is to ensure that the projects elaborated above are integrated with
the other projects identified in the IDP Main Document to achieve proper co-ordination and
alignment taking into account their contents, location and timing. For example, housing projects
can be aligned with the infrastructure, land acquisition and education-related projects to enable
maximum impact to be made on housing the homeless, creating job opportunities, stimulating
the local economy and providing basic municipal services which will also help alleviate poverty
and fight diseases. This in short provides the correct way to realising integrated development in a
true sense.
Integration of all the relevant sector department delivery programs should be achieved through
an effective Human Settlements Plan. The Plan should summarise all relevant infrastructure
development plans and then match them with the proposed multiple housing project delivery
plan. It is the responsibility of the service provided (or Municipal Official if the Human Settlements
Plan is completed internally) with the assistance of the Municipal Housing Official to collect all of
the relevant sector plans and other relevant information in the IDP to ensure that the proposed
housing delivery program matches the delivery of the other relevant sector department
interventions. While infrastructural development requirements are of primary importance
alignment of other sector departments such as health and education etc. should not be ignored.
The Human Settlements Plan should also be instrumental in detailing an institutional framework for
housing delivery in the Municipality which has as its core function the integration of relevant
governmental sectors (e.g. Water, Roads, Sewer, Electricity, Health, Education etc.) at a project
level during implementation. It should be noted that whilst IDP’s and specifically the Human
Settlements Plan play an important role in co-ordinating and enabling development, additional
work is required to ensure that they translate into meaningful integration at the project level, even
though the municipality does not have accreditation and is assisted by the District Municipality
74
with Human Settlement development roll out, the integration of processes needs to be
understood.
Tables 28 and 29 indicates the role of the various developmental plans in relation to Human
Settlements.
Table 28 Municipal Sector Plan relevance to Human Settlements Plan and their effect on housing
Name of
Integrated
Programme
Purpose and Content
Effect on Housing Issues
Water Services
Development
Plans
Integrated
Transport Plans
Integrated
Waste
Management
Plan
These plans are not part of the IDP, but only
a summary of the plans. They are sector
specific plans dealing with issues pertaining
to water and sanitation, transport and waste.
There is a need to ensure that any proposed project
and the effect of such a project to water and
sanitation, transport and waste management be
included in these sector plans.
For example any new housing development will
increase the water usage in the town. The WSDP
needs to consider this and ensure sufficient water
provision.
5-Year
financial Plan
It considers all financial aspects of the
municipality
The effect of payment of services or possible non-
payment of services by occupants of a new housing
project on the future financial viability of the
municipality
5-Year Capital
Investment
Programme
It links all the projects with possible sources of
financing and by doing it generates and co-
ordinates public
Costs of all housing projects must be included in this
programme.
Table 29 Integration
Name of Integrated
Programme
Purpose and Content Effect on Housing Issues
5Year Action
Programme
Providing the municipality with an
overview of the major activities resulting
from the IDP
Include all the activities pertaining to
projects
Related to housing asset out in the project
design in this programme
Performance
Management System
The KPIs for the housing issue should be
set and it performance
Should be ensured that they are
continuously measured
75
Name of Integrated
Programme
Purpose and Content Effect on Housing Issues
of the municipality
Spatial Development
Framework
It controls strategies for land Use
management
It is important that all housing projects are
considered in the spatial development
framework and that their location is clearly
marked on the map.
Integrated Poverty
Reduction and Gender
Equity Programme
These programmes must ensure that
poverty is reduced and indicates how
the municipality is contributing to
gender equality
Almost all low-cost housing projects can be
considered as poverty alleviation and is
therefore part of the municipality’s fight
against poverty.
Integrated
Environmental
Programme
The municipality should ensure that
environmental issues are adequately
addressedandthatallenvisagedprojects
donotimpactnegativelyonthenaturalen
vironment.
There is a need to consider how the
designed housing projects will influence
the environment and if an EIA is
necessary or not.
Measures must be put in place to ensure
that all housing projects do not degrade
the environment, but rather contribute to
more sustainability
Integrated LED
All municipalities must implement LED
projects and promote LED at all time.
Due to the labour intensive nature of
housing development, housing projects are
a great opportunity for the municipality to
create jobs.
Integrated Institutional
Programme
This programme is about the institutional
capacity and transformation of the
municipality This also includes projects.
Building material adds another dimension,
which can result in employment
generation.
There is a need to ensure that the
municipality has enough capacity to
handle its housing issues.
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7. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
It is important to have capacity to implement, in the delivery of housing. Some municipalities lack
capacity due to unfilled positions and or funding, others are not financially stable. The housing
department in the municipality is a technical department and requires staff with a broad
technical skill set.
One needs to recognize, that the housing function is a cross-cutting one, which requires co-
ordination with a wide range of council activities. Most municipalities’ have the housing function
located in engineering or operating as a separate housing function. There is no ideal location for
the housing function; however, deeper integration is required with the engineering function. This
can be done through the creation of a housing working group. The primary aim of this working
group would be to allow the housing function to coordinate the housing related activities of other
functions.
In the District Municipality the Housing Unit forms part of the Infrastructure Services Department.
The Department comprises of three units:
Municipal Infrastructure Services
Housing
Planning & Design
In terms of reporting mechanisms, the Housing Unit reports to the Social Development Committee.
The Housing Unit is supported by the following units within the District:
Engineering
Three technicians, one per municipality
PMU & Operations and Maintenance
Information Technology
Financial
Budget, accounting and financial management
Internal Audit
Environmental Health
Human Resources
Planning and development (Town Planning & GIS)
77
Currently the Housing Unit comprises of a Housing Manager, Housing Specialist, Building Inspectors
(3), and Housing Administrators (3).
Figure 32 FBDM Housing Structure
Roles and responsibilities of the District Municipality
To manage and maintain an efficient and effective Housing unit in order to properly
Administer Human Settlements Programmes;
To demonstrate the capacity to undertake Human Settlements projects;
To secure funding from the Department or Human Settlements Projects in the MTEF
period;
To enter into Service Level Agreements with Phokwane, Magareng and Dikgatlong
Municipalities
Head of Department
Manager Housing
Housing Specialist
(In process)
Building Inspectors X3
(3x Filled)
Project Managers X2
(1 x Vacant, 1 x in process)
Chief Housing admin Officer
(Vacant)
Senior Admin Officer
(In process)
Clerk
(Filled)
Clerk
(Filled)
Senior Admin Officer
(Vacant)
Clerk
(Filled)
Manager Infrastructure
78
In respect of the national housing programmes for which it has been accredited, the Municipality
shall undertake the following functions on behalf of the Phokwane, Magareng and Dikgatlong
Local Municipalities:
subsidy budget planning and allocation, and priority programme management and
administration
o National Housing Needs Register
o Development of Housing Sector Plans
housing subsidy budgetary planning functions across national housing programmes and
projects;
o subsidy allocation
o project identification
project management and administration, including:
o project evaluation and approval;
o submission of a project business plan to the Frances Baard Regional office;
o contract administration and management;
o subsidy registration on HSS;
o Beneficiary Administration
o Beneficiary list must accompany Business Plan
o Identification
o application submission
o physical verification
Procurement of service provider
o Compilation of specifics
o Advertise
o Evaluate
o Adjudicate
o Appointment of the service provider
o Signing of agreement between municipality and service provider
Programme management including cash flow projection and management; and
technical quality assurance.
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To develop and implement a Housing Consumer Education Programme;
To ensure the effective exercise of these functions, the Frances Baard District Municipality
has the following roles and responsibilities:
In terms of relevant guidelines, to prepare, and submit an approved Housing Sector Plan to the
Department and to ensure that the Housing Sector Plan is:
adopted as part of the Municipality’s Integrated Development Plan and budget;
integrated into the Municipality’s Performance Management System;
aligned with other strategic planning frameworks of the Municipality, such as the Spatial
Development Framework, the Infrastructure Master Plan, the Water Services
Development Plan, Informal Settlements Management Plan, the Environmental
Management Plan and the Integrated Transport Plan;
to put in place the required, or to utilize existing, municipal capacity and systems to
perform the accredited functions, including: budget tracking; document management;
reporting; project tracking; procedures and operations manual; municipal housing
subsidy system; and cash-flow tracking;
to assist the municipalities in identifying suitable land for the development of integrated
human settlements;
to mobilize appropriate resources in order to ensure the development of integrated
human settlements
to make available at the requirement of the Auditor-General for examination all books,
registers and documents in the possession of and under the control of any municipal
employee which would facilitate the carrying out of such an audit;
in the performance of its accredited functions, carry out the policy directives of the MEC
consistent with national housing policy, including the rules of any applicable national
housing programme;
to report to the MEC on the activities of the Municipality in terms of the approved Housing
Sector Plan and in terms of any other requirements stipulated by the MEC;
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to report in terms of both the DoRA and the Municipal Finance Management Act
(MFMA), 2003 (Act No. 56 of 2003) requirements;
to report to the MEC any allegations of fraud or corruption associated with the
administration of national housing programmes on behalf of the MEC;
to report to the MEC any risks associated with the administration of national housing
programmes and to inform the MEC of mitigating actions that have been undertaken by
the municipality; and
to inform the MEC of any support and capacity requirements for the administration of
the national housing programmes.
to provide technical and administrative support to non-accredited municipalities in its
district in areas where they lack adequate capacity in terms of human settlements
developments
to act as the entry point for human settlements development in its district for non-
accredited municipalities; and
to enter into service level agreements with non-accredited municipalities in terms of the
type and level of support it will provide as contemplated.
Public Participation
The Constitution stipulates that one of the objectives of municipalities is “to encourage the
involvement of communities and community organizations in the matters of local government”.
The White Paper for Local Government (WPLG) emphasizes the issue of public participation (not
only in municipal planning). It goes into some detail on how to achieve public participation and
of the role local government has to play to ensure the involvement of citizens in policy formulation
and designing of municipal programmes, as well as implementation and monitoring and
evaluation of such programmes. Public participation is meant to promote local democracy. While
the WPLG emphasizes that the municipalities themselves should develop appropriate strategies
and mechanisms to ensure participation, some hints on how are given, such as.
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Chapter 4 of the Municipal Systems Act stipulates that all municipalities must develop a culture of
participatory governance. This implies that municipalities need to ensure that all its residents are
at all times well informed about the affairs of the municipality. Opportunities should therefore be
created for the general public to take part in the decision making of the council.
Since the IDP is the strategic plan of a municipality, indicating the distribution of limited resources,
it makes sense to plan with residents in order to ensure that their needs are address with a sole
purpose of improving their living conditions. Mechanisms must therefore be created to allow
residents within a municipality to participate in the planning process of development projects.
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8. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
Performance Management System is a system that is intended to manage and monitor service
delivery progress against the identified strategic objectives and priorities. It is a system through
which the municipality sets targets, monitors, assesses and reviews the organisational and
individual’s employees performance, based on municipality’s priorities, objectives and measures
derived from the municipal integrated development plan.
A Performance Management System enables the municipality to conduct a proper planning,
measuring, monitoring, reviewing and reporting on its performance.
The main principles of Performance Management System are that it should:
1. Drive change and improve the performance of the organisations
2. Focus the organisations work on its priorities
3. Measure the organisations overall performance against set objectives
4. Align strategic objectives and priorities with individual work plans
5. Identify success as well as failure and ,
6. Identify good practice and learning from other successes
The Human Settlements Plan, like all other sector plans of the IDP, is subjected to the evaluation
and review process. The purpose is to establish whether the targets as in the form of objectives
have been achieved. In cases where no tangible results have been made, it then becomes
important to establish the reasons thereof. It is during this stage that some strategies may be
changed in order to achieve the desired results. In conclusion, as Human Settlements Plan is a
component of the IDP, it needs to be reviewed as well during the main IDP review process.
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9. APPROVAL
The approval of the Human Settlement Sector Plan together with the Human Settlement Chapter
of the IDP is a regulatory requirement, expected at the end of the IDP review process .
The Human Settlement Sector plan together with the broader district IDP must be circulated to the
other spheres and sectors of government in order to determine their contributions to the
implementation of the IDP and its Housing Chapter and the alignment with their sector policies,
strategies and programmes.
The final documents are approved by the municipal council.
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10. CONCLUDING REMARKS
The IDP planning process compel the Municipalities to compile sector plans for various
development sectors. Also as part of IDPs, the Housing Act 107 of 1997 stipulates that municipalities
should compile housing strategies and targets. The plan will serve as a guiding framework for the
strategic engagement of the municipality in housing development. The need for Human
Settlements Plans arises from a concern that, in most municipalities, the Integrated Development
Planning (IDP) process inadequately address issues related to the provision of housing.
In terms of Section 9(1) of the National Housing Act 107 0f 1997, every municipality must as part of
the municipality’s process of Integrated Development Planning (IDP) take all reasonable and
necessary steps to ensure that the inhabitants within its area of jurisdiction have access to
adequate housing on a progressive basis by setting housing delivery goals, identifying suitable
land for human settlements development and planning, facilitating, initiating and coordinating
human settlements development in its area of jurisdiction.
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Department of Cooperative Governance and Human Settlements Traditional Affairs. (2011).
Provincial Strategic development Framework (SDF). Kimberley. (2011).
Frances Baard District Municipality IDP
Frances Baard District Municipality SDF 2013
HDA 2015 : Provincial Human Settlements Strategy
Magareng Local Municipality. (2015). IDP.
Magareng Local Municipality. (2015). IDP Draft review.
Phokwane Local Municipality. (2015). IDP.
Phokwane Local Municipality ( 2015) SDF
Sol Plaatje Local Municipality. (2015). IDP.
The local government handbook. Stats SA. (2011).
Stats SA Census Data 2011
Stats SA Community Survey 2016
Dikgatlong Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan. 2012-2017.
Financial and Fiscal Commission. 2012. Report on the Public Hearings on Housing Finance.
Frances Baard District Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2012-2017.
Magareng Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan. 2012-2017.
Magareng Spatial Development Framework- 2008.
Northern Cape Strategy and Programme for the Upgrading of Informal Settlements, 2014.
Northern Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework, 2012.
Phokwane Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan. 2012-2017.
Phokwane Local Municipality: Strategy and Programme for the Upgrading of Informal Settlements
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