human security.ppt 1

7/25/2019 Human Security.ppt 1

1/36

Human Security

Andrew Collins


2/36

Overview

Varying ways of presenting human security through:

Primary subsistence

Basic and etended human needs

Absence of poverty

All of the above ! Safety

A more formalised terminology emerges "##$s%

&nited 'ations contet( also in academia

Human Security )eport and other references

An in depth loo* at human security informs sustainable developmentand disaster management theory( policy and practice


3/36

Primary

Subsistence +ood

,ater Sanitation

Shelter +uel


4/36

-aslow.s Hierarchy of 'eeds

Basic and etended human

needs


5/36


6/36

Poverty

'eed to thin* carefully as to what is meantby /poverty.

,hat really lies behind poverty0

)hetoric and reality of poverty 1 caretherefore also needed in identifyingvulnerability( resilience( social inclusionand related concepts

Poverty indicators are needed if doingpoverty assessment 1 how do we measurepoverty0 2net 3 slides4

Poverty alleviation approaches derive from6


7/36

6valuating poverty

1 Based on material objectiveclassifcation

2 Based on less-material (possibly moresubjective) classifcations

7


8/36

7ess material poverty

indicatorsi%e% Human vulnerability can be di8cult to5uantify%

Social connectivity

9nclusion

9ndependence

+reedom of choice

Security 8


9/36

/-easuring. poverty

9ncome based measures /absolute.and /relative. wellbeing% S;"%?3per day indicator

'onincome based measures basic

needs approach Capability perspectives 1 abilities(

access and rights emphases9


10/36

-easuring Poverty: eamples of macrocomposite indices:

10

Human development index - UNDP

life expectancy

educational attainment

GDP per capita

Human poverty index - UNDP

percentage of people expected to die before age 40

percentage of illiterate adults percentage of people without access to health

services and safe water

percentage of under-weight children under five


11/36

Capability poverty measure

11

s variously included or implicit in !"DP #nnual $eports in

since %&&'

(ac) of the capability to be well nourished and healthy-

represented by the proportion of mal-nourished under five

children*

+apability for healthy reproduction-proxied by the proportionof births unattended by trained health personnel*

,he capability to be educated and )nowledgeable-

represented by female illiteracy*


12/36

O6C; 2?$$"4 on capability

;e@ning poverty through the core dimensionof capability:

6conomic Capabilityhese are the capacity and right to earn anincome( consume and have assets% heyare *ey to food security( material wellbeing

and social status( and may include thoseassociated with decent employment( land(implements and animals( forests and@shing waters( and credit%

12


13/36


Human capabilities

hese are based on health(

education( nutrition( clean water andshelter% 9llhealth and lac* ofeducation are barriers to productivelivelihoods and therefore to poverty

reduction%

Political capabilities

hese include human rights(representation and inuence over

13


14/36


Sociocultural capabilities

hese concern the ability to participate asa valued member of a community% hey

include social status( dignity and ability tobe included%

Protective capabilities

hese enable people to withstandeconomic and eternal shoc*s( to beresilient when confronted with eternalstresses% 9nsecurity and vulnerability wor*together as focal aspects of poverty%

14


15/36

Poverty and the +ragile6nvironments

15

nvironmental degradation and poverty as cyclical* ,hose closely dependent on natural resources

affected more*

Population change in environmentally fragile areas.

i/ high birth ratesii/ migrations

iii/ forced population displacement and entrapments*

mpoverished people in fragile environments*

+hange in common access regimes and landlessness

and demand for environmental ustice and good

governance*


16/36

Achieving Human Security ;emands an9ntegrated Approach to ;isaster

-anagement and Sustainable ;evelopment +igure ?%?


17/36

)ecovery is about turning

negative processes positive

Critical +indings for Application in ; E

;


18/36

Poverty

nvironmental

Degradation

+igure:


19/36

An integrated poverty and environment view of humanitarian

Poverty- income- basic needs- capabilities

1arginalisationDependent on.

- Gender2 #ge2 3Dis/ability2

(ocation2 +ivil rights and

representation

umanitarian

Disaster +onflict

1aor or $apid

nvironmental vent

nvironmental +hange- economic

- physical- social 3includes

culture2 faith and

behaviour/

Source: Collins( A%6% 2?$$#4 Disaster and Development(


20/36

9dealised reversal of poverty( environment and disasters

5ealth and

5ellbeing- income- basic and

extended needs- capabilities

nvironmental +hange

- economic stability- environmental sustainability

- social cohesion and security

nclusion and $educed

6ulnerability

$especting of.

- Gender2 #ge2 3Dis/ability2

(ocation2 $ights and representation

Disaster

$eduction

- ris) management- emergency

preparedness- resilience2

capacity and

coping

+onflict

1itigation

Source: Collins( A%6% 2?$$#4 Disaster and Development(


21/36

?"

7ustainable livelihoods approach to

uman 7ecurity an example of a people

centred approach to sustainable

development

3overlaps with aspects of community

based disaster ris) reduction/


22/36

??

7ustainable (ivelihoods

8# livelihood comprises the capabilities2 assets

and activities re9uired for a means of living* #

livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with

and recover from stresses and shoc)s and

maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets

both now and in the future2 while not undermining

the natural resource base*:

Department for nternational Development 3DfD ;000 p*%/


23/36

ousehold 7ustainable Development


24/36

(ivelihood #ssets3+apital assets that contribute to human security/

Human capital

Social capital

Natural capital

Physical capital

Financial capital

(political capital)

S

H

P +

'


25/36

?3

uman capital

,he s)ills2 )nowledge2 ability to labour and

good health that together enable people topursue different livelihood strategies and

achieve their livelihood obectives*


26/36

?G

"atural capital

"atural resource stoc)s from which resource

flows and services 3nutrient cycling2 erosion

protection/ useful for livelihoods are derived* (and2

forests2 marine


27/36

?F

Physical capital

,he basic infrastructure and producer

goods needed to support livelihoods* 1ore

essential components are affordable

transport2 secure shelter and buildings2ade9uate water supply and sanitation2 clean

and affordable energy2 and access to

information 3communications/*


28/36

?

=inancial capital

,he financial resources that people use to

achieve their livelihood obectives* #vailable

savings and regular inflow of money*


29/36

?#

7ocial capital

"etwor)s and connectedness betweenindividuals with shared interests*

1embership of more formalised groups* $elationships of trust2 reciprocity and

exchanges*

i.e. Its not just about what you know, butwho you know.

St th d C it


30/36

Strengthened Community

H S

P

F

N

Po

l

iii4 Security Contet:

6nvironmental( Political(6conomic( Climatic( -ilitary

Shoc*s and rends

i47ivelihoo

dAssets

ii4 9ncreasing capacity(rights( representation(access to resources(empowerment and

wealth

Source: Collins( A% 6% 2?$$#4;isaster and ;evelopment(

H 1 HumancapitalS 1 Social capital' 1 'atural

capitalPol 1 Political

$


31/36

H S

P

F

N

Pol

iii47ivelihood

Assets

ii4 9ncreasing displacement( abuse(denied access to resources( loss of avoice or representation( vulnerability

and poverty

,ea*ened Community

"Source: Collins( A% 6% 2?$$#4;isaster and ;evelopment(

i4 Security Contet:

6nvironmental( Political(6conomic( Climatic(-ilitary Shoc*s and

rends


32/36

?

(ivelihood security and responsible well-being

+hambers2 $* 3%&&'/Whose eality !ounts"

Puttin# the $irst last.

ntermediate ,echnology

Publications* p*%0

+rom integrated vulnerability to integrated


33/36

+rom integrated vulnerability to integratedwellbeing

>iological 7usceptibility.- malnourishment

- exposure to ha?ardous

environments and pathogens

- lac) of medicine and health care

6ulnerability

5ellbeing

nsecurity. - displacement

- abuse

- denied access to

resources

- lac) of a voice or

representation

1ental mpairment. - lac) of education

- loss of s)ills2 ideas

and options

- entrapment and

dependency

- cultural isolation

ealth.

- nutrition- water2 sanitation and clean

air2 pathogen avoidance and

control

- shelter and energy

- health care and longevity

$esilience.

- coping - capacity

- adaptability and

creativity

- social2 economic

cultural capital

uman 7ecurity.

- rights - access to resources

- representation

- empowerment

+ollins2 #** 3;00&/ %isaster an&%e'elopment2 $outledge2 p* ;@%*


34/36

IHuman Security depends on HealthSecurityJ

Ban Ki -oon ?Gth September( ?$"3


35/36

owards a Conclusion

he concept and issue of HumanSecurity is fundamental to disasterand development studies%

here are varied emphases of HumanSecurity%

)ather than represent a wea*ness inits conceptual development( themied interpretations of HS open the

door to more in depth identi@cation


36/36

'et Step

'ote: hroughout much of the aboveanalysis of human security we haveencountered issues of human rights

2and responsibilities4%

o this end we need to address a/)ights Based Approach to;evelopment. 1 net session%

human security.ppt 1

Documents