Human rights-based approach to development programming

2-day training course6 – 7 May 2013

6 May: Programme

08.30 – 09.00 Morning coffee/tea and croissants

09.00 – 09.30 Introduction and presentation of the programme

09.30 – 09.45 Voices of the Poor

09.45 – 10.30 What is a HRBA ?

10.30 – 10.45 Coffee/tea

10.45 – 12.30 The human rights system

12.30– 13.30 Lunch

13.30 – 14.00 Summing up group work

14.00 – 14.30 Introduction of HRBA to the 4 steps in the project cycle

14.30 – 14.45 Coffee/Tea

14.45 – 15.30 Group work on HURBA-land – Task 1

15.30 – 16.00 Questions and discussion

What is poverty?

• Write on Post-Its the typical features of a poor person

Voices of the Poor

"Poverty is lack of freedom, enslaved by crushing daily burden, by depression and fear of what the future will bring." — Georgia

"If you want to do something and have no power to do it, it is talauchi (poverty)." — Nigeria

"Lack of work worries me. My children were hungry and I told them the rice is cooking, until they fell asleep from hunger." — an older man from Bedsa, Egypt.

"For a poor person everything is terrible - illness, humiliation, shame. We are cripples; we are afraid of everything; we depend on everyone. No one needs us. We are like garbage that everyone wants to get rid of." — a blind woman from

Tiraspol, Moldova

"When one is poor, she has no say in public, she feels inferior. She has no food, so there is famine in her house; no clothing, and no progress in her family." — a

woman from Uganda

Examples mentioned by poor people to increase their freedom of choice and improve their lives

Material assets Employment, ownership of assets, land, house Right to work (Art. 23)Right to property (Art. 17)

Bodily health Freedom from hunger and disease, strong, healty looking bodies

Right to health (Article 25)

Bodily integrity Freedom from violence and abuse, sexual and reproductive choice, freedom of physical movement

Right to freedom from torture (Art. 5)

Emotional integrity Freedom from fear and anxiety and love Preamble (Freedom from fear)

Respect and dignity Self-respect, respect from others and the community Duties to the community and respect of rights (Art. 29)

Social belonging Belonging to a collective, honour, respect and trust Right of everyone to form trade unions (Art. 8 I ICCPR)

Cultural identity Living in accordance with one’s values and rituals Right to participate in cultural life (Art. 27)

Imagination, information and education

Informed and educated decision making , literacy, entrepreneurship and expressive arts

Right to education (Art. 26)

Organizational capacity Ability to organize and mobilize Right to freedom of association (Art. 20)

Political representation and accountability

Ability to influence those in power, accountability of those in power

Right to take part in government (Art. 21)

Preamble, UN Charter (1945)

We the Peoples of the United Nations Determined

to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and

to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and

to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and

to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom

1950s – 1989: Cold War & East/West stereotypes

© DIHR

Berlin wall”Iron Curtain”International Covenant Civil

and political rights (1966)• Rights to physical

integrity• Liberty and security of

person• Procedural fairness and

rights of the accused• Individual liberties• Political rights

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

• Labour rights• The right to social security• The right to family life• The right to an adequate

standard of living• The right to health• The right to free education• The right to participation in

cultural life

1986: Declaration on the right to development

PREAMBLE:

“Development is a comprehensive economic, social, cultural and political

process, which aims at the constant improvement of the well-being of the entire

population and of all individuals on the basis of their active, free and meaningful

participation in development and in the fair distribution of benefits resulting

therefrom.”

New aspects

– Development is perceived as a realization of the greatest number of human rights (and all human rights are equally important)

– A specific focus on empowerment of all people to decide the content and the process of development (active and meaningful participation in the development of own life and society)

Some important steps

• The Declaration of the Right to Development (1986) – non binding but affirms close links between civil and economic rights and development.

• Vienna Conference on Human Rights (1993) – affirms the indivisibility of

human rights.

• World Social Development Summit in Copenhagen in 1995 – brought further momentum to the indivisibility of rights.

• UN reform: Human Rights based development (1997)

• Influential publications: Amartya Sen’s “Development as Freedom” (1999) and UNDP Human Development Report (2000)

Human Development… Is the process of enhancing people’s capabilities to expand choices and opportunities so that they can take control of their lives

Human Development need the standards and legal guarantees of human rights to avoid being threatened

Human Development… Is the process of enhancing people’s capabilities to expand choices and opportunities so that they can take control of their lives

Human Development need the standards and legal guarantees of human rights to avoid being threatened

THE LINKAGES BETWEEN…THE LINKAGES BETWEEN…

…and Human rights… All people have claims to social arrangements that protect them from the worst abuses and deprivations-and that secure the freedom for a life of dignity The realization of human rights requires capacities that development can make possible

…and Human rights… All people have claims to social arrangements that protect them from the worst abuses and deprivations-and that secure the freedom for a life of dignity The realization of human rights requires capacities that development can make possible

The added value of HRBABasic Needs and Sustainable Livelihoods approaches

Human Rights Based Approaches

Stakeholders Right-holders and duty-bearers

Needs are met through charity and benevolence

Development is an entitlement

Do not take power relations into account Provides a framework for the analysis of power and authority

Needs are met and satisfied Rights are realised (respected, protected and fulfilled)

Basic needs can be met through outcome strategies

Attention is paid equally to outcome and process

From UNICEF Global Guidelines to Human Rights Programming

United Nations definition of HRBA

What is HRBA1) Human rights constitute the GOAL for development

programming through the standards that are found in the HR-framework.

1) Human Rights informes the PROCES of development practise through the principles anchored in the HR-framework.

1) Human rights define the TARGET GROUP and the ANALYTICAL FOCUS for development programming (both duty-bearers and rights-holders)

Menneskerettighedsprincipper

The core principles:1. Universality and inalienability (for everyone, rights

cannot be taken away)2. Indivisibility (no hierarchy)3. Inter-dependence and inter-relatedness

inalienability4. Participation and inclusion5. Accountability 6. Non-discrimination and equality

PANEL-principperneParticipationAccountability

Non-discrimination, Equality and Attention to vulnerable groups

EmpowermentLinkages to human rights standards, progressive realisation of rights and non-retrogression.

16

Duty-BearerState is the primary

Rights-HolderIndividuals (& groups)

Fulfil obligations

towards

Claim rights from

The State has the

obligation to:

- Respect -

Protect - Fulfil

…human rights

The individual is empowered

by:

- Knowledge -

Recognition - Access

…to claim their rights

HRBA= CAPACITATING RIGHTS HOLDERS & DUTY BEARERS

Fig: Developed by MLR, DIHR PANEL accr. by Ampora Tomas

Participation

Accountability & Rule of Law

Non-discrimination, Equality & Vulnerable grpsEmpowerment

Linkages to HR Framework: System & standards

International, Regional and National Human Rights SYSTEMS

End of session