human genetic diseases
TRANSCRIPT
Human Genetic Diseases
Page 117
Objectives
Describe some common genetic diseases
Examine selective breeding Discuss cloning Analyze genetic engineering Describe current genetic
research Construct personal pedigree
Ways to Cause Genetic Disease
Mutation in DNA of genes Alteration in structure of a
chromosome Change in the number of
chromosomes
Cystic Fibrosis
Recessive disease Affect 1:31 births Disease: Produce abnormally thick
mucus Die early due to infection
118
Sickle-Cell Anemia
Recessive Disease Discovered in 1910 Single nucleotide change from T to A 70,000 American’s Chronic body problems
118
Down’s Syndrome
Three copies of Chromosome 21 Causes
Mental retardation Heart defects
Risk increases with age of mother
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Pedigree Charts 1. Male = Square 2. Female = Circles 3. Normal = Open 4. Disease = Filled 5. Carrier = Half filled
119
Albinism
119
Hemophilia
120
Karyotypes
Picture of all the cells chromosomes lined up in pairs
120
Selective Breeding
Process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation
What desired traits would you like in a dog?
124
Inbreeding
Breed individuals with similar traits Turkey
Plump Quickly maturing
Will also inherit similar genetic defects
124
Hybridization
Breed two genetically different organisms
124
Cloning
An organism that has exactly the same genes as the one it came from.
125
Genetic Engineering
Bacteria Other Organisms Resistant to insects Less bruising
126
Genetic Engineering
Gene Therapy Issues
127
Modern Genetics
Human Genome Project 30,000 genes Average gene is 3,000 bases long
DNA Fingerprinting Cut up DNA and look for difference that can identify
individuals
Quiz