HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

UNIT 7: CHAPTER 10YOUNG ADULTHOOD: AGES 22-34 YEARS

“Do not marry a man to reform him. That is what reform schools are for.” ~Mae West

“I am convinced that most people do not grow up...We marry and dare to have children and call that growing up. I

think what we do is mostly grow old. We carry accumulation of years in our bodies, and on our faces, but generally our real selves, the children inside, are innocent

and shy as magnolias." ~ Maya Angelou

Welcome

Microphone check If technical issues close out seminar, my students

should meet in the classroom chat room. Tonight: Unit 7 Project, Unit 9 Project - including

extra credit, young adulthood and the biophysical dimension, psychological dimension (field trip), and social dimension (outside information)

Unit 7 Project

Ecomap for Luis Perez Ecomap: graphic visual that illustrates the systems

in a person’s life that influence his or her behavior. It facilitates the identification of points of conflict and points of support.

Examples found on pages 118, 623, and 624 of the textbook, and in the Unit 9 Project Information

What are some of the systems of influence in Luis’ life?

Unit 7 Project

Directions Must include lines showing the strength and direction of influence You may use MS Paint, Paintbrush, MS Word, or another drawing

tool as long as the file is universal You may want to review the final project guidelines before

starting as this map will be used to support that project Grading criteria

Understanding of case study, ecomap illustrates a clear picture of Luis’ systems of influence, 20 points

Uses symbols, including lines and arrows, effectively. Ecomap is visually appealing, 15 points.

Unit 9 Project: Instructions

Title page Introduction: brief summary/history of Luis Perez.

End this paragraph with a CLEAR thesis statement. Body (must incorporate theory and information

from the course): Strongest influences on Luis’ behavior Changes for Luis as he transitions from middle

adulthood to late adulthood Potential biases or prejudices (refer to NOHS ethics)

Unit 9 Project: Instructions

Conclusion: what you may learn about yourself through this case, close with your thesis statement

Reference page: two required sources Format:

Five (or more) complete paragraphs 2-4 pages of text, plus the title and reference page 12 point font, Times New Roman Double spaced Free of typographical errors

Unit 9 Project: Grading Criteria

Introduction, 20 points Greatest influences, 20 points Changes over time, 10 points Prejudices and biases, 20 points Reciprocal relationship between clients and HSPs,

20 points Mechanics, 8 points Reference page, 2 points

Extra Credit: Up to 15 Points

5 points if you have your project reviewed by someone else (a classmate or the Writing Center) and you use their comments to improve your work. You must submit your paper with their comments on it along with your final project.

5 points if you review a classmate's work. You must submit their paper with your comments on it along with your final project.

5 points if you submit your final project before the end of Unit 8, rather than the end of Unit 9 when it is due. Be cautious if you do this, however, that you don't miss bringing in important information from Units 8 and 9 to your paper.

The Biophysical Dimension

Biophysical Trends

Physical performance is typically at its peak in young adulthood

Young adulthood is a good time to establish health conscious behavior, if not already in place. As BMR slows, regular exercise (cardio and strength trng)and a proper diet are critical to maintaining weight

Young adulthood is the optimal time for reproduction PMS/PMDD Poor, ethnic minority males have higher rates of illness

and mortality, and the worst health

The Psychological Dimension

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor stage Preoperational stage Concrete operational stage Formal operational stage

Operations applied to increasingly complex situations and problems in part because of reduced egocentrism and greater objectivity

Not achieved by all due to cognitive limitations, in fact no more than 30% of people reach the highest order of operational thought

Communication

Communication differences occur very early If you have two chairs randomly placed in a room

and put two little girls in the room, what do you think they will do? What will two little boys do?

Women speak twice as many words in day than men.

Field trip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGoC8FTLKSI

Communication

Communication that has a focus on identifying goals & finding solutions

Men use REPORT TALK - involves discussing knowledge & displaying skill

In general, men prefer discussions about activities & events

Communication that involves the expression of emotions & having a perspective that is sensitive to how others feel

Women use RAPPORT TALK - involves discussing similarities & matching experiences

Women usually prefer discussion about their personal lives & feelings

MALES: INSTRUMENTAL FEMALES: EXPRESSIVE

Attitudes and Emotions

Sternberg triangular theory of love (1998) suggests that love has three components: INTIMACY-warmth and closeness PASSION-intense feelings, sexual desire COMMITMENT-intent to maintain the relationship

The triangular theory of love posits eight types of relationships that emerge from the presence or absence of the three components of love & include…

Attitudes and Emotions

Nonlove Liking Infatuation Empty love Fatuous love Romantic love Companionate love Consummate love According to Sternberg (1998) the components of love take

different courses, (e.g., in a long-term relationship, passion often decreases, but intimacy keeps increasing)

Social Cognition

INTIMACY versus ISOLATION (Erikson) Two critical developmental tasks are economic independence

& independent decision-making Emerging adulthood: A distinct stage of development that is

neither adolescence nor young adulthood Period of transition Perspective of self

The transition from adolescence to adulthood involves reaching maturity (independent decision making), leaving home (economic independence) & taking on new responsibilities & other major life changes

What has happened to the average age of marriage? Why?

Additional Theory

Daniel Levinson, 1986 Young adulthood: 17-33 years old Focus is on love, occupation, friendship, values, and

lifestyle Novice phase: primary task is to move into the adult

world and build a stable life structure 7 additional stages to adult development

Psychological Hazards

Young adult years are one of the most difficult periods in a person’s life. Their decisions have a great impact on their life’s trajectory

Growing and major responsibilities can create stress and problems

Many become frustrated when inadequately prepared for the life challenges they now face

Such frustrations & immense responsibilities often relate to psychological problems, such as mental illness (depression and schizophrenia)

The Social Dimension

Your Love Is Not EnoughWhy your respect means more to a man than even your affection

Need #1: Respect his judgment Need #2: Respect his abilities Need #3: Respect in communication Need #4: Respect in public Need #5: Respect in assumptions

Feldhahn, S. (2004). For women only: What you need to know about the inner lives of men. Atlanta, GA: Multnomah Publishing

Transition to Parenthood For older mothers & working mothers the transition to

parenthood is more difficult Curran (1985) surveyed married parents & single mothers &

identified the following common stressors: Economics, finances, budgeting Children’s behavior, discipline, sibling fighting Insufficient couple time Lack of shared responsibilities in the family Communicating with children Insufficient “me” time Guilt for not accomplishing more Spousal relationships (communication, friendship, sex) Insufficient family playtime Over-scheduled family calendar

Multicultural Considerations

Many of their unique problems stem from a history of discrimination, broken treaties & prejudice.

Poor academic attainments (only 57% are high school graduates).

Extremely high unemployment rates. Language problems have affected

progress. Stereotypes promoted by television

and movies

Dialect differences have challenged them.

The stereotype of the “violent black” is influencing their social progress.

Poor academic progress and lack of social progress.

Social conditions that are detrimental to self-improvement like discrimination, racism and lack of opportunities.

NATIVE AMERICANS AFRICAN AMERICANS

Multicultural Considerations

Language problems have been a challenge.

The “model minority” stereotype. With acculturation, family roles &

expectations can conflict with the white American culture.

Value changes in family relationships can lead to a schism between younger and older generations.

Language problems are critical because many Hispanics speak only Spanish.

Poor academic progress and lack of social progress.

Improvement in middle-paying & high-paying jobs.

Lack of appropriate skills for coping in the dominant white society & with discrimination & prejudice.

ASIAN AMERICANS HISPANIC AMERICANS

Gender ConsiderationsWhen will women and men be equal?

According to the results of a survey, it may take another 1,000 years for women to match the political & economic clout of men.

Based on the current rate of progress, it will take 500 years for women to hold equal managerial jobs & 475 more years for women to reach political & economic status. Women hold 41% of management jobs in the United States - 11% of high-

ranking, & 3% of top-level positions Women hold 40% of management jobs in Canada & Australia, 8.3% in

Japan, & 4% in South Korea Greece & Paraguay had a decrease in women managers Only 6 of 179 members of the United Nations have a female head of state Women occupy 3.5% of government cabinet posts worldwide

Gender ConsiderationsHousework

1960s husbands spent 1.1.-1.6 hours on family work daily, wives 7.6-8.1 hours

If the wives worked, husbands participation increased by 0.1 hours

1970s, husbands did family work 1.8 hours daily, wives 6.8

If the wives worked, they did family work 4.0 hours daily Husbands have increased their participation in family

work by about 25%, but their participation continues to be about 1/3 that of their wives

Issues: Divorce

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Financial Problems

Emotional Abuse

Incompatibility

Basic Unhappiness

Communication Problems

Per

ceiv

ed D

ivo

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Cau

ses

Reasons for Divorce for Men & Women

MALE

FEMALE#

Closing

Tonight: Unit 7 Project, Unit 9 Project - including extra credit, young adulthood and the biophysical dimension, psychological dimension (field trip), and social dimension (outside information)

Any questions? Next week:

Unit 8: Chapter 11 Middle adulthood Quiz

Ashford, J.B., LeCroy, C.W., & Lortie, K.L. (2009). The social environment and human behavior. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.