human anatomy & physiology - cells

7/27/2019 Human Anatomy & Physiology - CELLS

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HUMAN ANATOMY &PHYSIOLOGY

Cellsrepared by:Ms. Jonna Karla C. Bien, RN


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Four major categories of tissues andtheir location, structure, and function

Cells vary in size from 2 micrometerto over a meter

( like in nerve cells)

Cells have many different shapes.

Some example shapes:


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disk-shaped


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Some have threadlike

extensions


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toothpick like


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cube like


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Cells have many differentfunctions. Some examples:

White blood cells wander freely

through our body independent of each

other. They defend our body from

foreign substances like bacteria


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Some cells make hormones or

chemicals to regulate other cells

Some help exchange gases in

the lungs

Some cleanse the blood

(kidney tubule cells)


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Cell Theory:

The cell is the unit of structure of

all living things

The cell is the unit of function of

all living things

All cells come from pre-existing

cells


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Remember that all cell types are not exactly

like each other, they do often have some basicparts and functions that are common to all cells.

There are three main regions to a cell

1.nucleus

2.cytoplasm

3.plasma membrane


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Cell Diversity

Specialized Cells

Cells that connect body parts

Fibroblast- this type of cell secretes cable-like

fibers. It has plenty of rough ER and large

Golgi Apparatus. These structures are necessaryto secrete the proteins that are the building

blocks of the cable-like fiber structures


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Cells that cover and line body organs

Epithelial cells - shaped much like the

honeycomb of a beehive. This allows the

cells to be acked into sheets. It hasabundant intermediate filaments that

resist being torn when they are rubbed or

pulled


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Cells that move organs and bodyparts

Muscle cells ( skeletal and smooth) -

these are elongated cells with numerous

contractile filaments. These filaments are

able to contract to move bones or

change the size of internal organs


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Cell that store nutrients

Fat cells- these contain a large

lipid droplet in their cytoplasm. Thisresults in their large spherical shape.


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Cells that fight disease

Macrophages- This type of cell extends

large psuedopods to crawl through tissue to

reach sites of infection. The lysosomes within

the cell digest the microorganisms that it

engulfs. A macrophage is a type

of phagocytic cell


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Cells that gather information and

control body functions

Neurons (Nerve cells)- This type of

cell is equipped with long

processes for the reception of

messages. The cell can then transmit

these messages to other structures

found in the body. The processes are

covered wit an extensive plasmamembrane


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Cells of reproduction

Oocyte (the egg cell)- This is the largest cell

in the human body. It contains many copies of

all organelles. These are ready to be distributed

to the daughter cells that would result from

fertilization.

Sperm - It is built for swimming. It has a long

flagellum that enables it to swim.


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human anatomy & physiology - cells

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