FROM LANDMARKS IN HUMANITIES : 1. Ignatius Loyola Spanish knight, priest, founder of Jesuits 2. Jesuits Anti-Reformation Catholic monastic order 3. Parmigianino’s Madonna of the Long Neck 1500 4. El Greco Court painter to Spanish royal court, Greek 5. Piazza Plaza or open space, Italian 6. Baldacchino Tent-like structure over altar in Italian churches 7. Bernini ’s The Ecstasy of St. Theresa 1600-1700 8. Stucco Plaster used to cover a wall surface, can be decorative 9. Foreshortening Outward-facing perspective, hand reaching out for example 10. Caravaggio Italian painter of New Testament scenes, chiaroscuro 11. Genti leschi’s Judith Slaying Holofernes 1600 12. Puritans Ultra-conservative Christian sect that left England, founded New England 13. John Donne English cleric & poet 14. John Milton English poet, wrote Paradise Lost 15. Paradise Lost Mankind on moral down slide since Garden of Eden 16. Christopher Wren

Oversaw rebuilding of London, St. Paul’s Cathedral 17. Wren’s St. Paul’s Cathedral 1700 18. Camera obscura Painting device, peephole sight-finder 19. Vermeer’s View of Delft 1700 20. Rembrandt van Rijn Dutch portraitist, brown underpainting 21. Impasto Heavy layering of paint on canvas 22. Etching Burnishing technique used to create metal plates for printing 23. Burin Steel or metal tool used to create an etching or engraving 24. Rigaud’s Portrait of Louis XIV 1700 25. Chateau Large French country house or estate 26. Marquetry Inlaid wood surface decoration 27. Salon Meeting of intellectuals and creative people in a traditional French receiving room FROM THE "THE PALACE AT VERSAILLES: SEAT OF AN ABSOLUTE MONARCH" POWERPOINT: 1. The Palace of Versailles Began by Louis XIV Louis XVI completes it 2. Duc de Saint-Simon French critic of Louix XIV 3. Levee

Ceremony surrounds Louis XIV’s waking up 4. Valet de Chambre Could help dress Louis XIV, helped with right sleeve, room attendant 5. Courtiers Noblemen required to live at the palace 6. Justacorps Helping the King get dressed 7. Cravatier Tied the King’s cravat 8. Why were wigs required at Versailles? Because Louis wore them due to baldness 9. Hal l of Mirrors 1700, designed by Mansart & Le Brun 10. Jules Hardouin-Mansart 11. Charles Le Brun 12. The Royal Chapel Royal Family prayed here, last project completed in Louis XIV’s lifetime 13. Promenade Afternoon/after lunch stroll/carriage ride thru the grounds, could get the King’s ear 14. Menagerie Zoo 15. Andre Le Notre Designed the gardens of Versailles 16. Parterres Divisions/flowerbeds of Versailles, geometric design 17. Bosquets Groups of trees of the same species 18. Orangerie Parterre containing exotic & citrus trees 19. Grand & Petite Canal

Major intersecting water features of the gardens, each represents one of the major rivers of France 20. Soiree d'appartement Late afternoon informal gathering held in King’s salon chamber 21. Queen Marie-Therese Louis XIV’s 1st wife 22. Madame de Maintenon Mistress then 2nd wife of Louis XIV 23. Chef Vatel Head of the kitchen at Versailles 24. The Bourbon Family colors Gold, garnet, silver 25. Fetes Large, multi-day parties, usually outdoors 26. Menus-plaisirs du Roi Royal party planners who organized the fetes 27. Couchee Ceremony surrounding Louis XIV’s retiring FROM THE "TRIUMPH OF LIBERTY: THE ENLIGHTENMENT, MODERN DEMOCRACY, AND THE AMERICAN & FRENCH REVOLUTIONS" POWERPOINT: 1. Edict of Nantes Granted religious freedom to the people of France, Louis XVI 2. Philosophes French Enlightenment philosophers 3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Philosophe, authored the Social Contract 4. The Social Contract People give government their power, the government gives the people protection. If the government fails in that, the people can overthrow it 5. The 4 Acts Britain imposed on the Colonies

Sugar Act Stamp Act Townshend Act Tea Act 6. Virtual representation The elected body drawn from the entire population will always vote in its best interest, even if it does not accurately represent the population 7. John Locke English philosophe, advocated the idea of social contract in English society 8. Boston Massacre 1770, March 5 9. Boston Tea Party December 16 1773 10. First Continental Congress Reaction to the Intolerable Acts 11. Whigs & Tories Whigs = independence Tories = stay English 12. Gen. Thomas Gage Commanded the British Army in the American Revolution 13. Minutemen Relatively untrained American militia soldiers 14. John Hancock & Samuel Adams Biggest signatures on the Declaration of Independence 15. Paul Revere American riding messenger who warned of advancing English troops at Concord & Lexington 16. "Concord Hymn" Written by Ralph Waldo Emerson 17. The Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson

Ben Franklin 18. Popular sovereignty The power to govern rests with the people being governed 19. Ancien regime “Old Order” the way things had always worked in France 20. Louis XVI Spending treasury funds, revoked Edict of Nantes, dismissed Estates General 21. The Estates General's 3 estates Roman Catholic Church Nobility Everyone else > largest representation 22. National Assembly Third Estate secedes from EG 23. The Bastille Fortified prison in Paris, enemies of the Crown held there, destroyed on Bastille Day – July 14 24. Motto of the National Assembly “Liberty, equality, fraternity” 25. The Convention Representative body of government in France, members elected by universal male suffrage 26. Robespierre & the Jacobins' target Radical, anti-religious branch of the Convention 27. Reign of Terror 1773-1774, executed people for being enemies of the state/treason, executed Louis XVI & Marie-Antoinette 28. The Directory Moderate ruling body in France that arrested Robespierre and ended Jacobin rule, advocated a new constitution for France, compromised on religion 29. Coup d'etat Overthrow/seizure of the government, Napoleon in France

30. Napoleon Bonaparte Took northern Italy for France, consul, later crowned himself Emperor of France 31. Concordat Made peace between the Catholic Church & France, makes Catholicism the preferred faith of France 32. Napoleonic Civil Code New set of laws in France 33. Napoleon's invasion of Russia Muscovites burned Moscow, winter defeated him