hubbert curve by kathleen montz, seth johnston, christopher kemple
TRANSCRIPT
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Hubbert Curve
By Kathleen Montz , Seth Johnston,
Christopher Kemple
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Who is Hubbert?
• Marion King Hubbert
• Born October 5 2009
• Attended University of Chicago
• Studied Math, Geology, and Physics
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Hubbert’s experience
• Worked for Shell oil for 21 years
• USGS researcher for 12 years
• Professor at Stanford and UC Berkeley
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Hubbert’s Novel Idea
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Hubbert’s Novel Idea cont.
• 1956
• Hubbert Curve
• Predicted peak level of oil production worldwide
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Timeline of Hubbert Curve
• Production at time of prediction ~5 gigabarrels
• Worldwide oil production peaks at 12 gigabarrels in 2005
• Predicts future discoveries of 910 gigabarrels
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Hubbert Curve Uses
• Can be applied regionally, nationally, and globally
• Can be used to determined production potential by oil companies
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Uses cont.
• Can also be used for other fossil fuels• Coal
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Peak Oil
• The amount of oil on Earth is finite and the demand for oil has drastically increased in the past 50 years.
• The rate of oil production has grown almost every year for the past century.
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Peak Oil
• Peak oil is often misinterpret red to mean that the oil supply is completely exhausted.
• The real definition is that peak oil occurs when about half the worlds oil reserves have been used up.
• This is the transition from a buyers’ market to a sellers’ market.
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Why Does Peak Oil Occur?
• Oil companies will extract the easy to reach oil first because it costs less to get to.
• Oil closer to the surface has less sulfur content and is thus easier to refine.
• Once this oil runs out more difficult oil nodes must be tapped.
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Why Does Peak Oil Occur?
• When the oil becomes difficult to reach the viability of the oil field drops.
• If it takes the energy of a barrel of oil to extract a barrel of oil then further extraction is useless.
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Evidence
• 1956 predicted oil peak in U.S. in 1970
• Prediction for 2005:– 178.2 Gb cumulative– 1.17 Gb current
production
• In 1970 U.S. oil production peaked
• Actual in 2005:– 176.4 Gb cumulative– 1.55 Gb current
production
Predictions Actual
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Evidence…
1970
File:Hubbert US high.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Not everyone agrees
• Exponential growth and decline for large populations
• Leonardo Maugeri , VP of Italian co. ENI– Recovery rate of oil fields
• 22% in 1980• 35% today
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• Alfred J. Cavallo – Hubbert's theory is incorrect for world production
• Cambridge Energy Research Associates– The curve does not work with all countries– Predicts a plateau before decline
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Expected Date
• Experts do not agree on the expected date for world peak oil.
• Some say that it has recently occurred, some say that it will occur shortly, and some say that a plateau of oil production could sustain the world for up to 100 years.
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Experts prediction on peak
• Campbell, C.J. Oil company geologist; 2010
• Laherrere, J. Oil company geologist; 2010-2020
• CERA Energy consultants; after 2020
• Shell Major oil company; 2025 or later
• Goodstein, D. Vice Provost, Cal Tech; before 2010
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U.S. Impact
• Peak in U.S. has already occurred• U.S. relies heavily on foreign countries.• Are subject to the whims of OPEC• Can cause a recession if oil prices become too
high• Will cause a shit towards more fuel efficient
transportation more than in other countries.
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Global Impact
• Peak oil can cause worldwide depression
• Will force people to change the way they live
• Will force countries to reduce exports faster than they reduce their production.
• Global warming decrease
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Preparedness
• Most of the countries are not prepared
• Use oil as if it was never going to run out
• Slowly getting more prepared
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Education
• Most people are somewhat informed
• People overall are coming to the realization that oil is going to run out
• There are still some that are ignorant of the facts