hub and spoke container maritime commerce in the indian ocean

THE INDIAN OCEANFROM ADMIRAL ZHENG HE

TO HUB AND SPOKECONTAINER MARITIME

COMMERCE

Dr Jacques COULARDEAU& Ivan Eve

Barcelona, November 26-27, 2015

Dr Jacques Coulardeau & Ivan Eve

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The strategic position of the Indian Ocean and Sri Lanka



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Hub-and-spoke system and container liner transport



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June 2013

Wang Tingsong, Wuhan University, “Hub-and-Spoke Liner Shipping Network

Design with Demand Uncertainty,”



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Africa



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African and Latin American Deserts



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Container Port 2014 2013

Rank 1,000 TEUs Rank 1,000 TEUs

Shanghai, China 1 35,285 1 33,617

Singapore 2 33,869 2 32,579

Shenzhen, China 3 24,037 3 23,278

Hong Kong, China 4 22,226 4 22,352

Ningbo-Zhoushan, China 5 19,450 6 17,351

Busan, South Korea 6 18,683 5 17,686

Qingdao, China 7 16,580 7 15,522

Guangzhou, China 8 16,378 8 15,311

Dubai 9 15,249 9 13,641

Tianjin, China 10 14,061 10 13,012

First Ten Container Ports in the World



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VESSELS SPECIFICATION LENGTH REMARKS DEADWEIGHT

Coastal Tanker 205m 3,000 – 10,000 DWT

Small Tanker Unspecified on WTR site Size only given by World Trade Reference[1]

10,000 - 19,000 DWT

Handysize1.Handy2.Handymax3.Supramax

150-200m150-200mWTR Classification

2. and 3. Average just under 190m and between 52,000 and 58,000 DWT

1.19,001 - 25,000 dwt 2.Less than 40,000 DWT3.Between 40,000 and 50,000 DWT4.Between 50,000 and 60,000 DWT

Seawaymax 225.6m 28,500 DWT

Handymax 150-200m Between 40,000 and 50,000 DWT

Supramax 150-200m Between 50,000 and 60,000 DWT

Baltimax 240m 100,000 DWT

Aframax Average Freight Rate Assessment

245m 80,000 - 119,000 dwt

Ship Sizes



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Suezmax 285m 120,000 - 150,000 DWT

Panamax 294.13m 50,001 - 80,000 DWT

New Panamax 366m - 427m (locks) The lock sizes vary from one source to another

120,000 DWT

VLCC-Capesize Very Larke Crude Carrier 330m 150,000 - 320,000 DWT

Q-Max (Qatar-max) 345m Zarga (Liquefied Natural Gas),

130,211 DWT

Malaccamax 400m 165,000 DWT

ULCC-Capesize Ultra Large Crude Carrier 415m 321,000+ DWT

Capesize >295m for Suez Canal>370m for Panama Canal (or >430m ?)

Between 156,000 and 400,000 DWT

Chinamax Longer than 360m Between 380,000 and 400,000 DWT



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Trans Pacific Partnership



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Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP)



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Sri Lanka

Colombo



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Hambantota



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Hambantota



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Hambantota, Tincomalee, Galle, Oluvil



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China, India, Sri LankaGDP(trillions)

POP(billions)

TEUs(millions)

M TEUsper 1 T gdp

M TEU per 1 B pop

China (11 leading ports, 2013)

$ 10.36 T 1.364 B 170.1 M 170.1 : 10.36 = 16.41 M TEUs

170.1 : 1.364 = 124.70 M TEUs

India $ 2.067 T 1.295 B 11 M 11 : 2.067 = 5.32 M TEUs

11 : 1.295 = 8.49 M TEUs

Sri Lanka $ 0.075 T 0.021 B 4 M 4 : 0.075 = 53.3 M TEUs

4 : 0.021 = 190.47 M TEUs



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MumBai – Kolkata Maximum normal size of vessel that can be accommodated

Mumbai Kolkata

Length (m)

Depth (m) Displacement (DWT)

Total Length (m) Depth (m) Displacement (DWT)

Total

160 to 300

7.5 to 14.3

Up to 125,000

34 105 to 229

8.0 to 11.5

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China and the New Silk Roads



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Pakistan and Myanmar



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Flags of Convenience

FLAGS OF CONVENIENCETHE LARGEST SHIPPING REGISTRIES ARE PANAMA, LIBERIA,

GREECE, MARSHALL ISLANDS AND THE BAHAMAS, APPROXIMATELY 6,300 SAIL UNDER THE PANAMANIAN FLAG, MAKING PANAMA THE

LARGEST. THE GREEK-CONTROLLED FLEET IS AT ALMOST 90 MILLION GROSS TONS. THE MARSHALL ISLANDS IS FOURTH WITH

1,500 VESSELS AND 37 MILLION TONS. BAHAMAS HAS 1,500 VESSELS AT 27 MILLION TONS. OTHER SIGNIFICANT FLAGS INCLUDE CYPRUS

AND MALTA



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Speck of dust

Big dust bunny

Small dust bunny



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Till next time

https://synopsispaie.academia.edu/[email protected]

https://synopsispaie.academia.edu/JacquesCoulardeau

mailto:[email protected]

hub and spoke container maritime commerce in the indian ocean

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