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Page 1: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

Huawei Optical IntelligenceWhite Paper

Page 2: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

Contents

Trends and Challenges

Huawei Optical Intelligence Solution

Premium Private Lines3.1 Latency Map: Improving Network Monetization Capability

3.2 CPE Plug & Play: Reducing Site Visit of Software Commissioning Personnel and Accelerating

Service Provisioning

3.3 Success Story: Premium Private Line Increases Carriers’ Revenue and Profit

4.1 Optical Network Health Assurance: from reactive to Predictive O&M, Reducing OPEX and

Improving Customer Experience

4.2 Resource Assurance, Automatic Resource Bottleneck Discovery, and Precise Capacity

Expansion

4.3 Highly Reliable Network, Improving Service Reliability

4.4 Success Stories

4.4.1 Huawei and an European Tier-1 Carrier Successfully Completed the First AI-based

Intelligent O&M and Joint Test for an Optical Network

4.4.2 Highly Reliable Network Solution with Reliability Improved from 98.5% to 99.99%,

Saving Annual Cost by 40M+

Zero-Touch Maintenance

Prospects

01 02

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07

08

09

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ContentsHuawei Optical IntelligenceWhite Paper

Page 3: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

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Trends and Challenges01With the rapid development of Internet+, 5G, 4K, and VR services, OTT players have started to tap into

the telecom market. Rapid service rollout in Internet mode and fierce competition brought by extensive

service innovations drive carriers to perform Internet-oriented transformation. Meanwhile, carriers face

the dilemma of sluggish revenue growth in traditional telecom services and constantly high O&M costs.

Both external and internal factors post many challenges to carriers:

On one hand, network investment keeps growing, innovation of new services is weak, and service

provisioning and innovation rely heavily on a few comprehensive vendors. "Selling whatever services

you have" is a typical "push" mode, which cannot keep up with the development of the Internet or

meet user demand. In the Internet+ era, service requirements are ever-changing and new service

opportunities are fleeting. Fast and agile service provisioning is the cornerstone of rapid service rollout.

Therefore, service provisioning efficiency must be measured by days and minutes. For example, for

latency-sensitive financial services, network latency must be accurate to sub-microseconds to ensure

core competitiveness in financial markets.

On the other hand, the network, as the ultimate entity that carries bandwidth traffic, becomes more

and more complex: The network topology is evolving from chain and ring to mesh and 3D-mesh. The

increase in network complexity multiplies O&M costs. As network O&M has exceeded the reasonable

capacity of "manual processing", carriers urgently need automation measures to reduce the skill

requirements for O&M personnel and effectively cut OPEX in a long run.

Figure 1-1 Trends and challenges of optical network development

Resource

From "chain" to "mesh" architecture

How to ensure that network resources

are ready?

Service

From“dumb pipe”to

"premium experience"

How to shorten service TTM and

improve user experience?

From manual to AI-powered/automated O&M

From reactive to proactive O&M

Maintenance

70% of failures are caused by human errors.

90% of maintenance are passive.

How to improve maintenance

efficiency and reduce costs?

Optical Intelligence (OI)

Trends and ChallengesHuawei Optical Intelligence

White Paper

Page 4: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

03

According to the IHS 2018 survey report, optical network automation is increasingly valued by carriers.

The survey results are as follows:

50% of carriers believe that the main driving forces for the deployment of optical network

automation are as follows:

- Higher network O&M efficiency

- Service provisioning automation

- Network capacity planning automation

- Quicker introduction of new services

Source: IHS market survey, 2018

80%+ of respondents believe that the following automation features will be deployed around 2020:

- Real-time network resource visualization

- Real-time network planning

- Network health prediction and proactive O&M

- Enhanced, dynamic network restoration and centralized path computation

Figure 1-2 Driving forces for the deployment of optical network automation

76%

71%

67%

52%

43%

33%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Transport SDN Deployment Drivers

Operating our networks with greatercapital

and operational efficiency

Simplification and/or automation

of service provisioning

Simplification and/or automation

of network capacity planning

Quicker introduction of new services

for faster time to revenue

Coordination/orchestration of services

that span multiple layers

Coordination/orchestration of services that

span multiple network operators

Trends and ChallengesHuawei Optical IntelligenceWhite Paper

Page 5: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

04

Huawei Optical Intelligence SolutionHuawei Optical Intelligence

White Paper

Figure 1-3 Time to deploy optical network automation

Source: IHS market survey, 2018

In a word, carriers require the next-generation optical network to empower intent-driven automation,

intelligence based on big data and Artificial Intelligence (AI), agile interconnections based on open and

programmable features, and high reliability based on dynamic restoration, achieving efficient O&M. An

optical network has been used only as a dumb pipe for a long time. Network deployment is

time-consuming and labor-consuming, service provisioning is slow, and fault locating is difficult.

Therefore, the software solution oriented to traditional static networks can no longer address network

evolution and service requirements. Continuous evolution is required for full-lifecycle automation.

Huawei Optical IntelligenceSolution02In response to carriers' challenges and requirements on networks and services during the

transformation process, Huawei has proposed the Optical Intelligence solution to promote optical

networks to focus on user experience, aimed at building an intent-driven, closed-loop system that

supports full-lifecycle end-to-end (E2E) automation. This solution helps carriers implement pipe

monetization, improve service experience, reduce network O&M costs, and maximize business value.

Page 6: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

05

Figure 2-1 Evolution of the transmission network software architecture

Figure 2-2 Hierarchical architecture of Huawei Optical Intelligence solution

The software architecture of Huawei Optical Intelligence solution consists of the Network Cloud Engine,

device edge intelligence, and core technologies of AI algorithms, big data, and computing power (ABC)

to support full-lifecycle automation use cases, implement premium private lines and zero-touch

maintenance, helping carriers increase revenue and reduce O&M costs.

NMS

QxDCN

Data plane

NMS

QxDCN

Data plane Data plane

Device control plane Device control plane

ManagerController

Analyzer

Evolution Evolution

GMPLS/ASON control and

service self-healing

Integrated manager, controller and

analyzer, and full-lifecycle

automation and intelligence

enabled by AI and optical sensors

Static, manual management

Huawei Optical Intelligence SolutionHuawei Optical IntelligenceWhite Paper

Therefore, to stay relevant to ever-changing user demand, the transmission network software

architecture needs to evolve from static management to integration of manager, controller and

analyzer, and multi-layer intelligence, making optical networks increasingly automated and intelligent.

Manager Controller Analyzer

Optical sensors

ASON 2.0

Network Cloud EngineIndustry's first enhanced controller with

integrated management, control, and analysis.

Scenario-based app, enabling zero-touch

operations.

Intelligent physical networkASON 2.0, scalable large-network mgmt.,

speedy self-healing (optical < 10s, electrical <

200 ms), smart & reliable.

E2E network monitoring through leading

optical sensors.

Capabilities of ABC AI algorithms covering all scenarios of optical

networks.

Big data: 10000+ network-wide optical data

collected in every second.

Computing power 10 times higher than the

industry average.

Networkintelligence

Digitaltwin

Physical network

Page 7: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

06

Figure 2-3 Full-lifecycle automation use cases of Huawei Optical Intelligence solution

Figure 2-4 Technical leadership of Huawei Optical Intelligence solution

The full-lifecycle automation use cases of Huawei Optical Intelligence solution cover two parts:

Premium private lines, which increase carrier revenue.

Zero-touch maintenance, which reduces OPEX through automation and intelligence.

Huawei Optical Intelligence solution leverages core technologies of ABC to enable full-lifecycle

automation and intelligence, achieving network autonomy in the end.

Use case

Leading AI

algorithms

Rich optical

big data

Excellent

computing

power

Optical network health prediction

Regression algorithm for

optical network

Faster data collection, more accurate reproduction of optical network analog signals.

Reinforcement learning and

optimization algorithm

Time series prediction algorithm

Aggregate algorithm for

optical network

Neural network algorithm for

optical network

Smart Commissioning Root cause analysis Resource Analysis

Optimal power spectrum model of deep neural networks

Evaluate Deliver

Feed back

Value

time

Collection withinseconds

15-minutecollection

Faster sampling: 15 min./time to 1s/time.More accurate : estimated to directly measured (such as OSNR and SOP).

Big data collection

Huawei Ascend 310 AI chips based acceleration boards provide 10+ times of computing power than industry.

Edge intelligence (equipment side)

500k+ online optical network devices deployed globally, rich big data for machine learning & modeling.

Inventory big dataOnlinedevices Data-lake

AI @ cloud

AI @ edge

Huawei Ascend 910, a single AI chip with the highest computing density is launched. (256T vs. Industry's best 125T)

Cloud intelligence (sever side)

Huawei Optical Intelligence SolutionHuawei Optical Intelligence

White Paper

Page 8: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

07

Application: Huawei Optical Intelligence solution provides a variety of applications throughout the

entire process.

- Premium private lines: Pipe monetization is achieved through the latency map, CPE plug and play,

OVPN, and SLA assurance.

- Zero-touch maintenance: A bold new O&M mode is created to evolve from passive O&M to

predictive and proactive O&M, build an E2E full-lifecycle, automatic closed-loop process, and reduce

OPEX.

- Resource analysis and prediction: Capacity expansion is performed in advance to improve resource

utilization and shorten the TTM.

AI algorithms: As the key technologies that enable intelligence, the AI algorithms can extract

features from a large amount of data and create models from existing fault features or resource

features based on expert experience to quickly resolve network issues. In addition, the AI algorithms

based on machine learning can create a knowledge map and predict trends to prevent faults and

optimize performance in advance.

Big data: Physical feature data such as optical network parameters, optical power, OSNR, BER,

optical spectrum, SOP, and oDSP are collected in seconds through optical sensors on the physical

network to obtain real-time monitoring parameters. Based on technologies such as big data mining

and AI algorithms, the collected data is trained and models are created, which can be better used in

upper-layer applications to improve automation and lower OPEX.

Computing power: An increase in AI algorithm complexity and the processing of massive data

require high computing power. Huawei-developed AI chips provide powerful computing power for

big data collection, storage, analysis, training, and reporting.

Premium Private Lines03Currently, an optical network gradually evolves from a dumb pipe provider into an E2E OTN service

network, which helps carriers build premium OTN private lines for high-value customers such as

financial institutions, government agencies, and large enterprises. This enables carriers to implement

pipe monetization, maximize business value, and provide excellent user experience.

Figure 3-1 E2E schematic diagram of Huawei premium private lines

Premium Private LinesHuawei Optical IntelligenceWhite Paper

Page 9: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

For financial services, network latency, one of the most demanding indicators for premium private lines,

must be accurate to sub-microseconds. Premium OTN private lines have the lowest latency. Huawei

premium private lines provide an E2E latency solution that can be sensed, sold, committed, and

guaranteed.

Figure 3-2 Latency of premium OTN private lines

Pre-sale

Q2O(quote to order)

Latency map Online portal OVPNOnline E2E resource

confirmation

In-sale

O2A (order to activation)

Automatic, E2E service provisioning

CPE plug and play Visualized provisioningprocess

After-sale

T2R (Trouble to

Resolution)

SLA assurance BOD Smart doctorLatency/Traffic/Status

3.1 Latency Map: Improving Network Monetization Capability

Latency Map

Real-time physical network latency detectionGoogle Maps-style latency map app

Latency Guaranteed

Real-time monitoring of service latency KPIsWarning and elimination of violation risks

Latency Routing Policy

Minimum-latency policyLatency-range policy (20–25 ms)

08

Premium Private LinesHuawei Optical Intelligence

White Paper

1.8 ms

Page 10: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

Figure 3-3 Schematic diagram of CPE Plug & Play

09

Huawei Optical Intelligence solution provides the CPE plug-and-play capability to support rapid

provisioning of private line services. Hardware personnel need only to take CPEs to sites and install and

power on the CPEs. Devices at the central office (CO) automatically discover CPEs and CPEs

automatically go online through software protocols. In the end, software is automatically configured

and commissioned and services are automatically created to provide an IT-based, HBB-like, and

self-service user experience. For carriers, this solution reduces site visit costs of software commissioning

personnel, and shortens the service provisioning time.

3.2 CPE Plug & Play: Reducing Site Visit of Software Commissioning Personnel and Accelerating Service Provisioning

Complex CPE deployment, time-consuming service provisioning, and multiple site visits

RMS

Network management center

· Multiple rounds of communication· Manual data uploadManual data

input

CPE CPECO CO

Multiple site visits· Installation and NE ID configuration· NE commissioning and configuration· Meter-based acceptance test

Step Mode Time/CPE

Onsite CPE installation, power-on, and fiber connections

ID/IP address configuration and NE go-live

By software commissioning personnel

0.5 hour

By hardware installation personnel

1 person-day

CPE parameter configuration

Resource scheduling + service configuration

By software commissioning personnel

0.5 person-day

By software commissioning personnel

0.5 hour

Commissioning, meter-based testing, and acceptance for talent services

Customer service personnel + users

1 person-day

Site visit needed

As Is

3.5 days/person + site visits by software commissioning personnel

Step Mode Time/CPE

Onsite CPE installation, power-on, and fiber connections

ID/IP address configuration and NE go-live

Automatic configuration and go-live

Minutes

By hardware installation personnel

Hours

CPE parameter configuration

Resource scheduling + service configuration

Automatic configuration by software

Minutes

Automatic configuration by software

Minutes

Commissioning, meter-based testing, and acceptance for talent services

Online commissioning

Minutes

Free from site visits

Plug-and-play CPEs, check-free and configuration-free private line provisioning, and

meter-free test

To Be

Real-time resource visualization

Automatic NE ID allocation and NE go-live

ODUk pipe

Metro network A

Metro network Z

Backbone network

CPE CPECO CO

Finished in hours

Only one site visit· Onsite installation and power-on, zero-touch provisioning· Automatic configuration delivery· Meter-free Y.1564 test

Pre-occupancy of inter-CO pipe resources and completion of a line test

Premium Private LinesHuawei Optical IntelligenceWhite Paper

Page 11: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

Figure 3-4 Product package design

Carrier U, a tier-1 carrier in China, is a pioneer in city B's private line market, which is the carrier's top

priority. Currently, the private line in city B is developing steadily. However, carrier U faces external and

internal challenges:

Price competition and product homogeneity with other carriers cut carrier U's profit.

Insufficient service innovation or flagship products cannot attract high-end users.

The provisioning of private line services is slow, decreasing user satisfaction.

In 2018, carrier U and Huawei joined hands to innovate premium private lines as follows:

Product package innovation: Basic bandwidth + Intelligent speed adjustment + Value-added services,

implementing differentiated product combinations to meet the appetite of high-end users. In

addition, the self-service mode goes through the pre-sales, sales, and after-sales phases to improve

purchase and usage experience of subscribers.

Feature competitiveness innovation: The latency map is a selling point of premium private line

services of carrier U, which provides ultra-low latency private lines for high-end financial customers.

Provisioning speed innovation: The E2E service configuration implements the automatic process

from the pipes to the services. In addition, the plug-and-play CPE reduces the site visits of software

commissioning personnel, saves the labor cost, and enables fast service rollout.

Business value:

The private line service provisioning time is shortened from weeks to two days.

The reliability of private line services is improved to 99.99%+.

In 2019, the revenue is expected to increase by USD 70 million, with a share increase of 12% and a

premium of 20%.

3.3 Success Story: Premium Private Line Increases Carriers’ Revenue and Profit

BandwidthLatency

predictionIntelligentspeed-up

Basic Basic Value-addedservice

Value-addedservice

Visualizedindicators

Value-addedservice

Securityencryption

Value-addedservice

Latencyoptimization

Smartdetection

Key guaranteed

service

10M

50M

100M

200M

500M

1G

10G

1 ms

2 ms

3 ms

Instantspeed-up

Bandwidthusage

L1encryption

1 ms

2 ms

3 ms

Productsubscription

Scheduledspeed-up

None

Visualizedlatency

Runningreport

Circuit status OVPN

Noencryption

√ √

√ √

√ √

10

Premium Private LinesHuawei Optical Intelligence

White Paper

Page 12: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

Figure 3-5

Price comparison between existing private line products and new private line products

11

10M 20M 50M

Price

Unit: CNY

Private line level

Price comparison between existing private line products and new private line products

Existing private line products New private line products

Zero-Touch Maintenance04An optical network is a highly dynamic, time-evolving, complex analog system, which features complex

non-linear and coupling effects, as well as complex high-dimensional action space and status space and

involve thousands of states and parameters. Therefore, high engineer skills are required for network

O&M. Fault locating is also a systematic project, which is time-consuming.

Huawei Optical Intelligence features user-centric E2E full-lifecycle automation, enables predictive E2E

closed-loop O&M before fault occurrence and optimize quality before quality deterioration, minimizing

fault loss, and reducing OPEX.

Figure 4-1 Panorama of full-lifecycle automation of Huawei Optical Intelligence

Deployment

Provisioning

Monitoring

Guarantee

Analysis

Planning

User-centricResource visualization

Capacity prediction

Online planning

Resource automation

Automatic service provisioning

SLA assurance

Service automation

Health visualization

Health prediction

Automatic commissioning

Highly reliable network

O&M automation

Zero-Touch MaintenanceHuawei Optical IntelligenceWhite Paper

Page 13: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

Figure 4-2 Optical network health prediction

The O&M of optical network have been reactive for a long time. Maintenance is performed only after a

fault occurs or a user registers a complaint. Carriers cannot identify the tell-tale signs and have to wait

for sub-healthy fibers or optical services to deteriorate until a fault occurs. A large amount of

compensation for breach of contract is often incurred from SLA violation, which increases the

maintenance cost. (According to the analysis of the network fault data of a carrier, it is found that the

fiber faults account for 68% of the total network faults. Gradual OTS/OCh faults account for 56% of all

fiber faults, and 38% of the total network faults. Among them, the bending, shaking, loosening, and

fiber core faults account for 90%.)

Huawei optical network health assurance package provides closed-loop OTS/OCh health monitoring,

sub-health prediction, and automatic optimization based on use cases such as visualized optical

network health, optical network health prediction, and intelligent optical network commissioning. The

optical network health prediction uses the machine learning and AI prediction algorithms to analyze the

health status of each optical fiber and channel. Based on the change trend of optical performance, the

system predicts the risk of faults and specifies faults points in advance. In this way, the system can

prevent network risks, provide recovery suggestions, implement proactive O&M, and reduce service

interruption, avoiding the compensation caused by SLA violation.

4.1 Optical Network Health Assurance: from reactive to Predictive O&M, Reducing OPEX and Improving Customer Experience

CurrentHistorical Forecast

Healthy

Faulty Warning

Actual value

Predicted value

Days/Weeks/Month

Sub-healthy

AI algorithm + ModelEnhanced logistic regression algorithm + Improved pattern recognition prediction algorithm based on time

series + …

Health model Sub-health model Fault model

Data cleansing and analysis

(Data parsing, format conversion, deduplication, and removal of invalid data)

Data production and collection (Object: OTS, OCh, optical amplifiers, WSS, OTU)

OTS: second-level optical power, OTDR fiber fault data, and millisecond-level SOP

OCh: second-level BER, OSNR, and alarm data (service interruption, low optical power, etc.)

12

Zero-Touch MaintenanceHuawei Optical Intelligence

White Paper

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Figure 4-3 Resource assurance

With the rise of OTT players in the Internet industry, new challenges are posed to traditional carriers'

services. The TTM (1 to 2 days) of new services has become a key indicator for seizing new market

opportunities. However, when new services involve network expansion, the TTM lasts at least 1 to 2

months because purchase of boards, logistics, and installation are required. Once service provisioning

becomes time-consuming, a large number of market opportunities will be lost.

By enabling real-time resource visualization and prediction and using AI based algorithm to perform

rolling forecast, the resource assurance package of Huawei Optical Intelligence supports resource

purchase within 1 to 3 months and rolling budget within 6 to 12 months in advance. In addition, it

automatically discovers resource bottlenecks through online planning, provides accurate guidance for

network capacity expansion, and enables resources to be ready in advance, thereby shortening the TTM

to hours.

According to analysis and evaluation jointly conducted by Huawei and a carrier in 2019, the resource

assurance function package reduced the resource check time from 3 weeks to 1 hour, improving the

check efficiency by 98%. The TTM was reduced from 2 months to 2 hours, and the annual revenue

could increase by over USD 0.5 million.

4.2 Resource Assurance, Automatic Resource Bottleneck Discovery, and Precise Capacity Expansion

Planning data RMS

NCE(Live-network

data)

Centralized resource visualization:

network topology, sites and devices,

slots and ports, link and wavelength

usage, service trend, and service

distribution.

Resource comparison, conflict

analysis, and resource combination

based on planning data and

live-network data. In addition,

resource deployment status and

planning status can be

differentiated.

Historical

Forecast

Predictedservicematrix

1. Service matrix of

the upper-layer

network

3. Intelligent prediction based on historical growth

2. Service prediction based on historical growth

rate

Capacity threshold

$=?

New links and boards

Based on the rolling forecast of

historical data of over 12 months,

board procurement of 1 to 3

months and the rolling budget of 6

to 12 months can be supported.

Online capacity expansion planning

is supported and results are

delivered to the NMS, improving

configuration efficiency. Data

includes OCh and fiber parameters.

Planning Design Simulation

Service prediction

PO placement

Budget plan

New service

Routine planning

(OChcapacity

expansion)

Deployment

Deployment

Deployment

Resource visualization Capacity prediction Online planning

Zero-Touch MaintenanceHuawei Optical IntelligenceWhite Paper

Page 15: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

Figure 4-4 High-reliability GMPLS/ASON networks

With the popularization of mesh networking, traditional networks face a number of challenges in

service reliability (fiber faults) and O&M efficiency (dependency on manual operations). The

GMPLS/ASON technology loads the intelligent brain (control plane) on the network to implement

automatic resource discovery and service rerouting. In this way, networks are evolving towards

automation and intelligence. Network meshing and ASON rerouting restoration change one-time

service protection to service connectivity upon path availability, achieving reliability of 99.999%.

Moreover, the automatic recovery capability of rerouting in seconds will greatly improve customer

experience and O&M efficiency.

4.3 Highly Reliable Network, Improving Service Reliability

In early 2019, Huawei and an European Tier-1 carrier successfully completed joint innovation test on

optical network health assurance. After collecting 2-month data from the live network and using the

AI-powered optical network health prediction tool to analyze and predict data, it was found that 200+

OTSs and OChs were in sub-healthy or faulty state, 52% of which were in sub-healthy state. Warnings

were generated more than 2.5 days in advance, and the check accuracy was higher than 90% when

compared with the actual result of the next month.

Customer's comments:

AI will be an important feature of automatic O&M in the future. By identifying and predicting risks,

proactive O&M can save 20% O&M labor costs for fiber faults.

4.4 Success Stories

Highreliability

EfficientO&M

ExtensiveSLAs

High cost-effectiveness

ASONcontrolplane

Qx

CCI NMI

Transport plane

Managementplane

99.999%Rerouting against multiple fiber cuts, reducing

service loss incurred from fiber cuts.

24/7 -> 8/5Automatic service rerouting and restoration,

easing O&M pressure.

5-level SLAsMulti-level SLAs, suiting various service

scenarios.

20%Resource sharing by rerouting and restoration,

cost-effective & reliable network.

4.4.1 Huawei and an European Tier-1 Carrier Successfully Completed the First AI-based Intelligent O&M and Joint Test for an Optical Network

14

Zero-Touch MaintenanceHuawei Optical Intelligence

White Paper

Page 16: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

A carrier's network is located in an island. Due to frequent natural disasters such as earthquake and

tsunami, network reliability was poor (dozens of fiber cuts occurred every month). Traditional static 1+1

protection was used on the network, which had a high cost and low reliability. However, high-end

customers had high requirements on the network reliability. Service interruption would cause severe

penalties.

Network mesh reconstruction, electrical-layer ASON, and rerouting recovery capability against multiple

fiber cuts greatly improve service reliability from 98.5% to 99.99%, reduce the annual downtime from

130 hours to 1 hour, and lower the annual fault compensation by over USD 40 million.

15

Figure 4-5 Prediction result of a carrier

Figure 4-6 High-reliability network case

4.4.2 Highly Reliable Network Solution with Reliability Improved from 98.5% to 99.99%, Saving Annual Cost by 40M+

Shortening service downtime= Saving compensation costs

As Is: Without ASON

Platinum Gold Ratio of Penaltyto Rental

<28min <40min 5%

1h 4h 10%

3h 12h 30%

5h 20h 50%

6h 24h 100%

Static 1+1 protection

To Be: With ASON 2.0

Dynamic protection againstmultiple fiber cuts

Reliability: 98.5%Annual failure duration: 130 hoursCompensation amount: 44.98M

Reliability: 99.99%Annual failure duration: 0.8 hoursCompensation amount: 0.3M(revenue increase > 40M)

Prospects05

ProspectsHuawei Optical IntelligenceWhite Paper

Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, classified human needs into five levels from low to high:

Physiological needs

Safety needs

Page 17: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

ProspectsHuawei Optical Intelligence

White Paper

Figure 5-1 Five levels of customer requirements for transport software solutions

Love and belonging

Esteem

Self-actualization

Similarly, in Huawei Optical Intelligence, customers’ requirements for transport software solutions can

also be divided into five levels, as shown in the following figure.

In the future, Huawei Optical Intelligence aims to build E2E lifecycle automation, realize network

autonomy, enable IT and CT convergence, provide the ultimate user experience, raise revenue and

reduce expenditures, maximize business value, and finally help customers achieve business success.

· Unattended NM centers· Nearly zero resource waste· Always-online services

· Predictable resources, deployment upon planning· Predictable network heath and rerouting

· Open NBIs on NMS, cross-vendor management· Flexible optical-layer grooming, remote service provisioning

· P2P WDM· Manual network

· Service quality: fast service provisioning, latency map, guaranteed bandwidth  on demand, customer self-management· Open and programmable, customized portal, improving tenant experience

IoT

5G + Cloud

4G + Private line

3G + Video

2G + Voice Static connection

Connection automation

Service automation

Intelligence

Networkautonomy

Driving Force Optical Network

Automation HierarchyTypical Demand

16

Page 18: Huawei Optical Intelligence White Paper

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Huawei Industrial Base, Bantian, LonggangShenzhen, ChinaTel:+86 755 28780808Zip code:518129www.huawei.com