huawei - lte system overview

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LTE System

Overview


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Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe LTE development and features

Outline LTE network architecture

Explain LTE key technologies

Describe LTE protocol and channel

Describe LTE deployment


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Contents

1. LTE System Overview

2. LTE Key Technologies

3. LTE Protocol and Channels

4. LTE Deployment


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Contents




4. LTE Deployment


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Contents


1.1 LTE Development

1.2 LTE Network Architecture

1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths


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3G Long Term Evolution--LTE

Year 2002 20042003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 or later

3G-WCDMA in

R99/R4

HSPA in R5/R6

LTE in R8

GPRS/EDGE

DL: ~384Kbps

UL: ~384Kbps

DL: ~14.4Mbps

UL: ~5.76Mbps

DL: ~42Mbps

UL: ~11Mbps

DL: ~141Mbps

UL: ~50Mbps

DL: ~144-360Kbps

UL: ~144-360Kbps

HSPA+ in R7/R8~100 ms

~70 ms

~150 ms

~45 ms

~20ms

•LTE is the next step in the evolution of 3GPP Radio Interfaces to deliver “Global

Mobile Broadband”.


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Drivers for LTE

There are at least three major key drivers for LTE mobile

broadband networks:

Demand for higher data-rates

increasing device capabilities, growing mobile data consumption

New spectrum allocation

Maintaining operator profitability while continued cost reduction and

competitiveness.


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Contents


1.1 LTE Development




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LTE Network Architecture E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

Network)


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LTE/SAE Network Architecture - cont.

SGSN

GPRS

UMTS

E-UTRAN

cdma2000

MME

HSS PCRF

Serving GW PDN GW

BTS BSC/PCU

NodeB RNC

eNodeB

S2a

S1-U

S6a

Gx

S5/8

Gb

Iu

S1-MMES12

S3

S4S11

SGi

S9S10

User plane

Control plane

BTS

Internet

Corporate

Internet

Operator Service

Network

EPS (Evolved Packet System)

S6d

PDSNBSC

SAE

A10/A11


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Contents


1.1 LTE Development




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LTE Operating Bands

LTE supports both FDD mode and TDD mode.

3GPP defines many bands for LTE.


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LTE Channel Bandwidths

LTE must support the international wireless market and

regional spectrum regulations and spectrum availability. To

this end the specifications include variable channel

bandwidths selectable from 1.4 to 20 MHz, with subcarrier

spacing of 15 kHz.

Channel bandwidth

BWChannel [MHz]1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Transmission

bandwidth

configuration NRB

6 15 25 50 75 100

NRB is the number of resource

blocks


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Contents




4. LTE Deployment


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LTE Key Technologies

OFDMA: Orthogonal frequency division multiple access

SC-FDMA: Single carrier-frequency division multiple

access

MIMO: Multiple input multiple output

64QAM


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Multiple access technology in the

downlink: OFDM and OFDMA

OFDMA is used as multiple access technology in downlink.

OFDMA is a variant of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

(OFDM), a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme.

OFDM signal represented in frequency and time


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Multiple access technology in the

downlink: OFDM and OFDMA (cont.)

OFMDA incorporates elements of time division multiple access

(TDMA).


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Downlink OFDM Implementation

P/SIFFTS/Ps(t)

Add

Cyclic

Prefix

n(t)

S/PFFTP/Sr(t)

Remove

Cyclic

Prefix

Transmitter

Receiver

Channel


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Downlink OFDM Implementation (cont.)


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Multiple access technology in the uplink:

SC-FDMA

The high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) associated with OFDM led

3GPP to look for a different transmission scheme for the LTE

uplink.

SC-FDMA is used in uplink as multiple access technology.


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Comparison of OFDMA and SC-FDMA


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Overview of MIMO

MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output

Transmitter ReceiverWireless

Channel

… …

N M

Channel Condition Feedback


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What can MIMO provide?

Here is a example for 2*2 MIMO.

Transmitter ReceiverWireless Channel

Channel Condition Feedback

Data Stream 1

Data Stream 2


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LTE Multiple Antenna Scheme

In downlink LTE can use 2*2 or higher order MIMO to increase

date rate.

In uplink MU-MIMO (multi-user MIMO) can be used to double

uplink capacity.

With MU-MIMO the uplink peak data rate of single user can not be

doubled.


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AMC & 64QAM

AMC, Adaptive Modulation and Coding

the radio-link data rate is controlled by adjusting the

modulation scheme and/or the channel coding rate

DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM


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Contents




4. LTE Deployment


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Contents

3. LTE Protocol Stacks and Channels

3.1 LTE Protocol Stacks

3.2 LTE Channels

3.3 LTE Radio Frame


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Functional Split between E-UTRAN and

EPC

internet

eNB

RB Control

Connection Mobility Cont.

eNB Measurement

Configuration & Provision

Dynamic Resource

Allocation (Scheduler)

PDCP

PHY

MME

S-GW

S1

MAC

Inter Cell RRM

Radio Admission Control

RLC

E-UTRAN EPC

RRC

Mobility

Anchoring

EPS Bearer Control

Idle State Mobility

Handling

NAS Security

P-GW

UE IP address

allocation

Packet Filtering


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Radio Interface Protocol Architecture


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eNB

PHY

UE

PHY

MAC

RLC

MAC

PDCPPDCP

RLC

eNB

PHY

UE

PHY

MAC

RLC

MAC

MME

RLC

NAS NAS

RRC RRC

PDCP PDCP

User-plane protocol stack Control-plane protocol stack

Radio Interface Protocol Architecture (cont.)


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LTE Physical Channel

DL

Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)

Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)

Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)

Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)

Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)

UL

Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)

Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)


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LTE Transport Channel

Physical layer transport channels offer information transfer to medium

access control (MAC) and higher layers

DL

Broadcast Channel (BCH)

Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)

Paging Channel (PCH)

Multicast Channel (MCH)

UL

Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)

Random Access Channel (RACH)


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LTE Logical Channel

Logical channels are offered by the MAC layer

Control Channels: Control-plane information

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Multicast Control Channel (MCCH Dedicated Control Channel)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Traffic Channels: User-plane information

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH): transmission of all uplink and non-

MBMS downlink user data

Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH): transmission of MBMS services


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Channel Mappings


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Frame Structure FDD frame structure

TDD frame structure


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Resource Grid


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Bandwidth Configuration


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Page40

Contents




4. LTE Deployment


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LTE SAE

LTE Network Composition


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LTE Network Transport

eNB

SAE GW

/PDN GW

FE/GE

IP/Ethernet

Network

FE/GE

• 100/1000Base-T, RJ45• 100Base-FX/1000Base-X, SM or MM Fiber, SFP-based connector

eNB eNB

eNB

FE/GE FE/GE

FE/GE

eNBLegacy

2G/3G

FE/GE

IP

MAC

PHY

eNB Daisy-chaining with integrated IP switching

Co-transmission with legacy 2G/3G

FE/GE o/e

FE/GE

RNC/BSC

eN

B

FE/GE

BTS/Node B

Co-transmission for Multi-mode base station


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eNodeB 3900 Series

Modularization

RRU/RFU

BBU

eNB

uniNodeB

1

2

3 Platform

GSM/TD-SCDMA/WCDMA/CDMA/LTE Unified All-IP Base Station Architecture

Modularization

Using BBU plus RRU and RFU leads to a flexible configuration for Distributed and

Macro.

Multimode

Modularization Supports Different Modes


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Smooth evolution to LTE

Investment protection while evolving from GSM/UMTS to LTE

Radio units for GSM/UMTS and LTE are inter-changeable in the same frequency band

Baseband boards in multi-mode BBU are inter-changeable between GSM/UMTS and LTE

LTE Card

LTE (100M/50M)

Same band Different band

Same band Different band

GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RRU LTE RRU

GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RFU LTE RFU

LTE Card

GSM / UMTS / HSPA(14.4M/5.76M) /

HSPA+(28M/11.5M)

BBU

RRU

Cabinet-based Node B

BBU

Software upgrade

Software upgrade

Adding LTE RRU

Adding LTE RFU BBU


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Flexible evolution for Cabinet NodeB

G

S

M

G

S

M

G

S

M

GSM&UMTS operator

UMTS roll out will

reduce GSM

expansion

investment at

hot spot

Operator issue New business ALL IP service

GSM for Voice

HSPA/LTE for Data network

GSM

update/rollout

G

S

M

G

S

M

G

S

M

G

S

M

G

S

M

G

S

M

UMTS/HSPA

rollout

U+H

U+H

U+H

UMTS/HSPA + GSM

U+H

U+H

U+H

U+H

U+H

U+H

L

T

E

L

T

E

L

T

E

UMTS/HSPA + LTEconvergence

GSM + LTE Data

network convergence

G

S

M

G

S

M

G

S

M

L

T

E

L

T

E

L

T

E

L

T

E

L

T

E

L

T

E

L

T

E

L

T

E

L

T

E

LTE

UMTS&LTE operator

LTE for high speed

mobile broadband

Reuse GSM frequency resource for LTE

LTE for mobile broadband

Operator issue New business ALL IP service

G

S

M

G

S

M

G

S

M


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Summary

Standardization in the form of 3GPP Release 8

Support for both FDD and TDD.

Flexible spectrum allocation (1.4 ~ 20 MHz).

IP-based flat network architecture

Multicarrier-based radio air interface

OFDMA and SC-FDMA

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO)

Adaptive modulation and coding

DL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM

UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM

ARQ within RLC sublayer and Hybrid ARQ within MAC sublayer


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LTE Standard Specifications

Freely downloadable from

http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/

Thank youwww.huawei.com

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