http//: ebone - european biodiversity observation network cost-effective and shared biodiversity...

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lEBONE - European Biodiversity Observation Network

Cost-effective and shared biodiversity monitoring in

Europe: the EBONE vision

Ilse Geijzendorffer, Rob Jongman, Alterra, Wageningen UR,

[email protected]

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All based on expert judgement:• CORINE Biotopes• Palaearctic Habitat Classification• EU Habitats Directive Annex 1• EUNIS Habitat Classification

Palaearctic … … PHYSIS

1985 1995 2010

CORINE Biotopes

EUNIS … … … EUNIS

Annex1, may92 … EUR 15 … … EUR 25 … EUR 27

E.Veg.Survey OSPAR, ICES

Pan-European habitat classifications

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Conclusions on European classifications

• National classifications often relate to specific national contexts (histories, policies, environmental conditions);

• Use of terms based on the local value ranges;• Linear and point features are under-

represented;• Many of the classifications are based on

phytosociology, few unvegetated habitats;

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Conclusions of a EBONE-ENCA RS-meeting (March 2010)

• Operational RS methods are being developed in some conservation agencies, but individual agencies are mostly insufficiently equipped for development;

• GMES and other EC programmes should facilitate the provision of earth observation information for biodiversity monitoring;

• Inclusion of nature conservation agencies in the development of Europe-wide biodiversity monitoring will facilitate the harmonisation of national systems into a common European framework;

• Knowledge sharing between conservation agencies is important also because it is cost-effective;

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What do we foresee?

• An increasing need for standardised data at the European level for policy development, evaluation and reporting;

• Global efforts such as IPCC and IPBES require a European cooperative approach

• INSPIRE will guide spatial data standardisation;• Common methodologies will allow for:

– more realistic and reliable data,– facilitate interpretation and – more cost-effective

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Requirements for the Future

A biodiversity monitoring system must be: • Able to link to Annex 1 and EUNIS classifications and

use European definitions• Link biodiversity inside and outside protected areas • Based on decentralised work by national and regional

agencies (EU+: about 100) and NGO’s• Statistically interpretable for trends in habitats and

species at the European level;• Link in situ and RS approaches if possible• Cost effective and exchangeable

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The challenge for the future

• Harmonise communication between countries and regions;

• Develop a system to harmonise habitats at the European level;

• Translate regional environmental references into European references;

• Share tools and databases to be cost-effective;• Develop data collection and data management

according to INSPIRE.

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EBONE is setting up a pilot:

Observational Needs•Types

o Remote sensingo In-situ

•Howo Samplingo Standardso Methodso…

In situ Remote

Observations•Habitats•Species

Observation Products•Data warehouse•Maps•Status indicators•Change metrics•…

Dat

abas

e

Data Extraction & Visualization

Tools

End Users

Managementand coordination

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What is available in 2010?

• EBONE General Habitat Classification (based on Life forms) for field monitoring;

• Annex 1 Habitats field key;• Software for field computers (handheld and

Access);• SynBioSys vegetation database;• EBONE database for habitat and vegetation

monitoring data (INSPIRE based) is being tested.

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General Habitat Categories

• General Habitat Categories (GHC):– are based on classic science as defined by

Raunkiaer (1908) and transcend species – are based on the regression of Life Forms on the

environment

• Explicit rules for definition and determination in the field of GHC’s and its qualifiers;

• No biogeographical terms or local names;– GHC’s allow integration between national

approaches on habitat monitoring.

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Life forms can be integrators, such as for the Italian flora

y = 1.0787x + 19.58

R2 = 0.9014

y = -1.1347x + 49.741

R2 = 0.8510

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 5 10 15 20

Latitude

% o

f sp

ecie

s T

H

Linear (T)

Linear (H)

Data from Pignatti, 1994

46° 04 ’45’’ 38°06’43’’

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Interpretation of forest change

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Stratification for monitoring the wider landscape

• Biogeographical regions do not deliver a proper basis for monitoring as they are too generalised;

• The European Environmental Stratification (EnS) can form an appropriate stratification;

• At present it is analysed to provide basis for sample allocation and insight in regions where EnS performs well, and where subdivision may be needed.

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EU Biogeographical regions

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Environmental Strata EuropeEns_ v8.shp

Alpine NorthBorealNemoralAtlantic NorthAlpine SouthContinentalAtlantic CentralPannonianLusitanianAnotolianMediteranean MountainsMediteranean NorthMediteranean South

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Gradients: important and tricky

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White/green: Alpine, blue: S. Atlantic, yellow: Mediterranean Mountains

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Upscaling of habitat data from national to European level:

• Countryside Survey Great Britain (CS-GB);• National Inventory of landscapes (NILS) in Sweden;• Spanish Rural Landscape Monitoring Systems

(SISPARES) in Spain;• Spatial Indices for land-use sustainability (SINUS) in

Austria;• Northern Ireland Countryside Survey (NICS);• Step-less models for regional environmental variation

in Norway will be started, but is tested to be exchangeable.

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EBONE data Architecture

19

PRESENTATION

INDICATORSpublic access

FIELD / RAW DATArestricted access

EBONE Field Recording

EBONE Field Database

WFS/WMS

Data Schema

View

ings

ervi

ce

Dow

nload service

Existing MonitoringData

Restricted access WFS

/WM

SRe

sult

Sche

ma

Transform Data warehouse

Analysis

Geonetworks (data sets and data services) … META DATA

Biodiversity indicators(report, graph, …)

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Data levels to be integrated• Raw field data• Aggregated data on the level of the landscape

square. • Aggregated data on the level of the reporting

unit

20

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Raw Data Processing

Forest non – forest mask

CORINE land cover

Mathematical morphology based software GUIDOS

Geographic Information

System techniques

Conefor Sensinode

Software

Forest Focus

database

Level 1

EFDAC Map Viewer

Forest spatial pattern maps

Landscape patterns maps

Forest condition maps

ORACLE

database

Aggregation

Query options, selection criteriaVector maps

(shape files)

Raster maps

(Geotiff)

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Conclusions from EBONE:

• Proper estimates of biodiversity at national and EU/EnZ level is required and feasible for a European biodiversity information system;

• It is possible to design a European monitoring system using European environmental references;

• Collaboration between countries and regions will be important for designing cost effective sampling;

• The issue of data sharing and confidentiality has to be solved;

• It is a contribution to the Lisbon Agenda.

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Opportunities

• The possibility of linking to the LUCAS grid (235.000 points samples at 2km regular grid) should be assessed;

• Formal integration of LTER facilities is challenging, because of its great variety, of institutional embedding, size, research objectives (indicators), but could give insight into long term in depth processes.

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The European Challenge:

• To harmonise the European biodiversity monitoring system (Natura 2000 + wider countryside);

• To get the willingness of regions and countries to cooperate;

• Improve cost-effectiveness by sharing efforts, knowledge and database systems;

• Improve reporting mechanism and the science-policy interface.

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Thank youhttp://www.ebone.wur.nl

http//: ebone - european biodiversity observation network cost-effective and shared biodiversity...

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