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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wave-particle.jpg and a ray?

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Ray Optics -Ray or geometric optics analyzes light while modeling light as a ray.

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Spherical Mirrors Concave mirrors look like a cave. They reflect on the inside of the sphere. Convex mirrors look like a bump or blister. They reflect on the outside of the mirror.

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Spherical Mirrors

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Concave Mirrors

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Sign Conventions Note that the reference frame is vertically flipped compared to a traditional reference frame if the mirror is on the right. - -+ + - +- + Traditional Mirror on Right

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White light consists of many wavelengths, each of which refracts differently through a prism. Dispersion

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Dispersion in

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for Refraction and Lenses

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Geometric Optics Experiments -Draw out configurations of lenses then PREDICT what the ray diagrams for light being shown through these lenses will look like. -Test these predictions with the PHET simulation Geometric Optics http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/geometric-optics

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Electromagnetic Waves (Wave Optics)

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Examples

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Hypothesize how Electromagnetic Waves with a radio frequency carry information. Materials: PHET Radio waves & electromagnetic fields Production of Electromagnetic Waves

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Representations of EM Waves Electromagnetic waves are oscillations of electric and magnetic fields which propagate through space at the speed of light.

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Wavelengths of Visible Light Range from: 400 nm to 700 nm.0000004 m to.0000007 m Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Common perception of LightSound Wavelength Frequency Amplitude Electromagnetic Spectrum

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The Speed of Light

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The story starts with: Galileo Galilei First to hypothesize that light has a finite speed (1564 1642)

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The Speed of Light (1644 1710) Determined the relative speed of light by viewing the orbital period of Io. The period varied by 14 seconds, depending on Earths approach. Jupiter Earth Orbit From this he calculated it took 22 minutes for light to travel across the orbit of the Earth. Todays accepted value is about 16 minutes. Ole Roemer

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Albert Michelson (1852 1931) In 1926 Michelson was working at the Mount Wilson Observatory in Pasadena California, when he calculated the time light required to make a round trip between two California Mountains 35 Km apart. Determined the speed of light to be: First American to receive the Nobel Prize The Speed of Light

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Frequency (f)Wavelength ()Section of EM Spectrum 10 -14 m 1x10 15 Hz 5x10 -7 m 3x10 10 Hz 10,000m Electromagnetic Spectrum: c, f, and

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Polarization Malus Law

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Superposition - Interference of Waves The amplitudes of waves combine. Superposition of Waves 60

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Interference of Light Waves

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Observation Experiment PHET Waves on a string

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Youngs Double Slit Experiment Youngs double slit experiment shows how monochromatic light (EM waves of a single frequency) interferes when diffracted through a double slit.

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Double Slit Experiment

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Diffraction

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Single Slit Diffraction

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Diffraction Grating

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Explore the photoelectric effect at phet.colorado.edu Photoelectric Effect

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Design Testing Experiments about how objects behave as both waves and particles at phet.colorado.edu Quantum Wave Interference

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