html notes by heera

8/14/2019 HTML Notes by HEERA

1/107

GUJ@

Fmouhouv

>/ Aousmexfuamo um GUJ@ 3

3/ GUJ@ Cnvafv Undv 6

6/ GUJ@ Nuusacxuhv >;

5/ GUJ@ lmsjnuuaod Undv >;/ GUJ@ Ajndhv 5>

>>/ GUJ@ Uhwu @aobv 53/ GUJ@ Ajndhv @aobv 8>

>6/ GUJ@ Hjna` @aobv 85

>5/ GUJ@ Unc`hv 88/ GUJ@ Lsnjhv 4/ GUJ@ @nqmxuv 44

>7/ GUJ@ Fm`msv 73

>1/ GUJ@ Lmsjv 74

3;/ GUJ@ Cnfbdsmxoev 17

3>/ GUJ@ Hjche Jx`uajhean >;3

33/ GUJ@ Vuq`hv >;7

36/ GUJ@ Vfsa{uv >>;

[sh{nshe cq GHHSN VAODG /U

>


2/107

GUJ@

>/ AOUSMEXFUAMO UM GUJ@

>/> Tgnu av GUJ@=

GUJ@ av n `nodxndh lms ehvfsacaod thc {ndhv/

GUJ@ vunoev lmsGq{hsUhwu Jnsbx{ @nodxndh

GUJ@ av omu n {smdsnjjaod `nodxndh, au av n jnsbx{

`nodxndh

N jnsbx{ `nodxndh av n vhu mljnsbx{ undv

GUJ@ xvhv jnsbx{ undv um ehvfsach thc {ndhv

>/3 GUJ@ Undv9GUJ@ jnsbx{ undv nsh xvxn``q fn``he GUJ@ undv

GUJ@ undv nsh bhqtmsev vxssmxoehe cq nod`h csnfbhuv

àbh 0guj`?

GUJ@ undv omsjn``q fmjh ao {nasv àbh 0c? noe 0-c?

Ugh lasvu und ao n {nas av ugh vunsu und, ugh vhfmoe und av ugh

hoe und

Vunsu noe hoe undv nsh n`vm fn``he m{hoaod undv noe f`mvaod

undv

>/6 GUJ@ Emfxjhouv : Thc [ndhv

GUJ@ emfxjhouv ehvfsach thc {ndhv

GUJ@ emfxjhouv fmounao GUJ@ undv noe {`nao uhwu

GUJ@ emfxjhouv nsh n`vm fn``he thc {ndhv

Ugh {xs{mvh ml n thc csmtvhs 'àbh Aouhsohu Hw{`mshs ms

Lashlmw! av um shne GUJ@ emfxjhouv noe eav{`nq ughj nv thc

{ndhv/ Ugh csmtvhs emhv omu eav{`nq ugh GUJ@ undv, cxu xvhv ugh

undv um aouhs{shu ugh fmouhou ml ugh {ndh9

0guj`?

0cmeq?

0g>?Jq Lasvu Ghneaod0-g>?

0{?Jq lasvu {nsndsn{g0-{?

0-cmeq?

0-guj`?


3


3/107

GUJ@

3/ GUJ@ Cnvaf Undv9

Ugh cnvaf vusxfuxsh lms n`` GUJ@ emfxjhouv av vaj{`h noe

vgmxè aof`xeh ugh lm``mtaod jaoajxj h`hjhouv ms undv9

0guj`? * Ugh jnao fmounaohs lms GUJ@ {ndhv

0ghne? * Ugh fmounaohs lms {ndh ghnehs aolmsjnuamo

0uau`h? * Ugh uau`h ml ugh {ndh

0cmeq? * Ugh jnao cmeq ml ugh {ndh

Shjhjchs ugnu chlmsh no m{hoaod 0guj`? und, no WGUJ@

emfxjhou fno fmounao ugh m{uamon` WJ@ ehf`nsnuamo, noe au vgmxè

n`tnqv fmounao n EMFUQ[H ehf`nsnuamo aoeafnuaod tgafg |hsvamo ml

WGUJ@ au xvhv/

Omt th ta`` hw{`nao hnfg ml ughvh undv moh cq moh/ Ao ugav

uxumsan` qmx ta ` laoe ugh uhsjv h`hjhou noe und nsh xvhe

aouhsfgnodhnc`q/

3/> Ugh 0guj`? H`hjhou9

Ugh 0guj`? h`hjhou av ugh fmounaoaod h`hjhou lms ugh tgm`h

GUJ@ emfxjhou/ Hnfg GUJ@ emfxjhou vgmxè gn|h moh 0guj`?

noe hnfg emfxjhou vgmxè hoe taug n f`mvaod 0-guj`? und/

Lm``mtaod utm h`hjhouv n{{hns nv eashfu fgaèsho ml no 0guj`?

h`hjhou9

>/ ) 0ghne?

3/ ) 0cmeq?

Nv vxfg, vunsu noe hoe GUJ@ undv hof`mvh n`` ugh mughs

GUJ@ undv qmx xvh um ehvfsach ugh Thc {ndh/

3/3 Ugh 0ghne? H`hjhou9

Ugh 0ghne? h`hjhou av ixvu n fmounaohs lms n`` mughs ghnehs

h`hjhouv/ Au vgmxè ch ugh lasvu ugaod um n{{hns nluhs ugh m{hoaod

0guj`? und/

Hnfg 0ghne? h`hjhou vgmxè fmounao n 0uau`h? h`hjhou

aoeafnuaod ugh uau`h ml ugh emfxjhou, nùgmxdg au jnq n`vm fmounao

noq fmjcaonuamo ml ugh lm``mtaod h`hjhouv, ao noq msehs9


6


4/107

GUJ@

) Ugh 0cnvh? und av xvhe um nshnuh n #cnvh# xs` lms n`` àobv

mo ugh {ndh/ FghfbGUJ@ Cnvh und/

) Ugh 0mcihfu? und av ehvadohe um aof`xeh ajndhv, In|nVfsa{u

mcihfuv, L`nvg noajnuamov, J[6 la`hv, ^xafbUajh jm|ahv noe mughs

fmj{mohouv ml n {ndh/ FghfbGUJ@ Mcihfu und/

) Ugh 0àob? und av xvhe um àob um no hwuhson` la`h, vxfg nv n

vuq`h vghhu ms In|nVfsa{u la`h/ FghfbGUJ@ @aob und/

) Ugh 0vuq`h? und av xvhe um aof`xeh FVV sx`hv aovaeh ugh

emfxjhou/ FghfbGUJ@ Vuq`h und

) Ugh 0vfsa{u? und av xvhe um aof`xeh IN\NVfsa{u ms

\CVfsa{u aovaeh ugh emfxjhou/ FghfbGUJ@ Vfsa{u und/

) Ugh 0jhun? und aof`xehv aolmsjnuamo ncmxu ugh emfxjhouvxfg nv bhqtmsev noe n ehvfsa{uamo, tgafg nsh {nsuafx`ns`q gh`{lx`

lms vhnsfg n{{àfnuamov/ FghfbGUJ@ Jhun und/

Hwnj{`h9

Lm``mtaod av ugh hwnj{`h ml ghne und/

0ghne?

0uau`h?GUJ@ Cnvaf undv0-uau`h?

0jhun onjh:#Bhqtmsev# fmouhou:#GUJ@, Thc [ndhv# -?

0jhun onjh:#ehvfsa{uamo# fmouhou:#GUJ@ Cnvaf Undv# -?

0cnvh gshl:#guu{9--ttt/uxumsan`v{maou/fmj# -?

0àob sh`:#vuq`hvghhu# uq{h:#uhwu-fvv# gshl:#u{/fvv# -?

0vfsa{u uq{h:#uhwu-in|nvfsa{u#?

xnffu : #XN*363316#2

xsfgaoUsnfbhs'!2

0-vfsa{u?

0-ghne?

3/6 Ugh 0uau`h? H`hjhou9

Qmx vgmxè v{hfalq n uau`h lms h|hsq {ndh ugnu qmx tsauh

aovaeh ugh 0uau`h? h`hjhou/ Ugav h`hjhou av n fgaè ml ugh 0ghne?

h`hjhou!/ Au av xvhe ao vh|hsn` tnqv9

) Au eav{`nqv nu ugh |hsq um{ ml n csmtvhs taoemt/

) Au av xvhe nv ugh ehlnxù onjh lms n cmmbjnsb ao csmtvhsvvxfg nv AH noe Ohuvfn{h/


5
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5/107

GUJ@

) Au av xvhe cq vhnsfg hodaohv ugnu xvh auv fmouhou um gh`{

aoehw {ndhv/

Ughshlmsh au av aj{msunou um xvh n uau`h ugnu shn``q ehvfsachv

ugh fmouhou ml qmxs vauh/ Ugh 0uau`h? h`hjhou vgmx`e fmounao mo`q ugh

uhwu lms ugh uau`h noe au jnq omu fmounao noq mughs h`hjhouv/

Hwnj{`h9

Ghsh av ugh hwnj{`h ml xvaod uau`h und/

0ghne?


0-ghne?

3/5 Ugh 0cmeq? H`hjhou9

Ugh 0cmeq? h`hjhou n{{hnsv nluhs ugh 0ghne? h`hjhou noe

fmounaov ugh {nsu ml ugh Thc {ndh ugnu qmx nfuxn``q vhh ao ugh jnao

csmtvhs taoemt, tgafg av vmjhuajhv shlhsshe um nv cmeq fmouhou/

N 0cmeq? h`hjhou jnq fmounao noqugaod lsmj n fmx{`h ml

{nsndsn{gv xoehs n ghneaod um jmsh fmj{`afnuhe `nqmxuv fmounaoaod

lmsjv noe unc`hv/

Jmvu ml tgnu qmx ta`` ch `hnsoaod ao ugav noe ugh lm``mtaod

la|h fgn{uhsv ta`` ch tsauuho chuthho ugh m{hoaod 0cmeq? und noef`mvaod 0-cmeq? und/

Hwnj{`h9

Ghsh av ugh hwnj{`h ml xvaod cmeq und/

0cmeq?

0{?Ugav av n {nsndsn{g und/0-{?

0-cmeq?

3/8 [xuuaod n`` umdhughs9

Omt al th ta`` {xu n`` ughvh undv umdhughs, au ta`` fmovuauxuh n

fmj{`huh GUJ@ emfxjhou nv lm``mtv9

0guj`?

0ghne?


0jhun onjh:#Bhqtmsev# fmouhou:#GUJ@, Thc

[ndhv# -?


8


6/107

GUJ@

0jhun onjh:#ehvfsa{uamo# fmouhou:#GUJ@ Cnvaf

Undv# -?

0cnvh gshl:#guu{9--ttt/uxumsan`v{maou/fmj# -?

0`aob sh`:#vuq`hvghhu# uq{h:#uhwu-fvv#

gshl:#u{/fvv# -?

0vfsa{u uq{h:#uhwu-in|nvfsa{u#?

]xnffu : #XN*363316#2

xsfgaoUsnfbhs'!2

0-vfsa{u?

0-ghne?

0cmeq?

0{?Ugav av n {nsndsn{g und/0-{?

0-cmeq?

0-guj`?

3/< GUJ@ Jhun Undv

GUJ@ `huv qmx v{hfalq jhunenun * aolmsjnuamo ncmxu n

emfxjhou snughs ugno emfxjhou fmouhou *ao n |nsahuq ml tnqv/ Ugh

JHUN h`hjhou fno ch xvhe um aof`xeh onjh-|n`xh {nasv ehvfsacaod

{sm{hsuahv ml ugh GUJ@ emfxjhou, vxfg nv nxugms, Hw{asq Enuh, n`avu ml bhq tmsev, nxugms huf/

Ugh 0jhun? und av no hj{uq h`hjhou noe vm emhv omu gn|h n

f`mvaod und, snughs, 0jhun? undv fnssq aolmsjnuamo taugao nuusacxuhv,

vm qmx ohhe n lmstnse v`nvg fgnsnfuhs nu ugh hoe ml ugh h`hjhou/

Jhunenun {sm|aehe cq xvaod jhun und av n |hsq aj{msunou {nsu

ml ugh thc/ Au fno nvvavu vhnsfg hodaohv ao laoeaod ugh chvu jnufg

tgho n xvhs {hslmsjv n vhnsfg/ Vhnsfg hodaohv ta`` mluho `mmb nu noq

jhunenun nuunfghe um n {ndh * hv{hfan``q bhqtmsev * noe snob au

gadghs ugno nomughs {ndh taug `hvv sh`h|nou jhunenun, ms taug om

jhunenun nu n``/

3/ Neeaod Jhun Undv um Qmxs Emfxjhouv9

Qmx fno nee jhunenun um qmxs thc {ndhv cq {`nfaod 0jhun?

undv chuthho ugh 0ghne? noe 0-ghne? undv/ Ugh fno aof`xeh ughlm``mtaod nuusacxuhv9



7/107

GUJ@

Nuusaxuh Ehvfsa{uamo

Onjh Onjh lms ugh {sm{hsuq/ Fno

ch noqugaod/ Hwnj{`hv

aof`xeh,bhqtmsev,ehvfsa{uamo,nxugms,

sh|avhe, dhohsnums huf/

fmouhou V{hfalahv ugh {sm{hsuq$v |n`xh/

vfghjh V{hfalahv n vfghjh um xvh um

aouhs{shu ugh {sm{hsuq$v |n`xh 'nv

ehf`nshe ao ugh fmouhou nuusacxuh!/

guu{*h~xa| Xvhe lms guu{ shv{movh jhvvndh

ghnehsv/ Lms hwnj{`h guu{*h~xa| fno

ch xvhe um shlshvg ugh {ndh ms um vhu

n fmmbah/ \n`xhv aof`xeh fmouhou*

uq{h, hw{ashv, shlshvg noe vhu*fmmbah/

OMUH9 Fmsh nuusacxuhv lms n`` ugh h`hjhouv nsh eavfxvvhe ao ohwu

fgn{uhs/

Jhun Und Hwnj{`hv9

@hu$v vhh lht aj{msunou xvndh ml Jhun Undv/

Th v{hfalq bhqtmsev tgafg ta`` ch xvhe cq ugh vhnsfg hodaoh um

vhnsfg n thc {ndh/ Vm xvaod lm``mtaod und qmx fno v{hfalq

aj{msunou bhqtmsev sh`nuhe um qmxs {ndh/

0ghne?

0jhun onjh:#bhqtmsev# fmouhou:#GUJ@, jhun

undv, jhunenun# -?

0-ghne?

3/4 Emfxjhou Ehvfsa{uamo9

Ugav av ndnao aj{msunou aolmsjnuamo noe jnoq vhnsfg hodaoh

xvh ugav aolmsjnuamo nv th`` tga`h vhnsfgaod n thc {ndh/ Vm qmx

vgmx`e da|h no n{{sm{sanuh ehvfsa{uamo ml ugh {ndh/

0ghne?


4


8/107

GUJ@

0jhun onjh:#ehvfsa{uamo# fmouhou:#@hnso ncmxu

Jhun Undv/#-?

0-ghne?

3/7 Emfxjhou Sh|avamo enuh9

Ugav aolmsjnuamo uh``v ncmxu `nvu uajh ugh emfxjhou tnv

x{enuhe/

0ghne?

0jhun onjh:#sh|avhe# fmouhou:#GUJ@,

3-3;;1# -?

0-ghne?

3/1 Emfxjhou Shlshvgaod9

Qmx fno v{hfalq n exsnuamo nluhs tgafg qmxs thc {ndh ta``

bhh{ shlshvgaod/ Al qmx tnou qmxs {ndh bhh{ shlshvgaod nluhs h|hsq

>; vhfmoev ugho xvh ugh lm``mtaod vqounw/

0ghne?

0jhun guu{*h~xa|:#shlshvg# fmouhou:#>;# -?

0-ghne?

3/>; [ndh Sheashfuamo9

Qmx fno v{hfalq n {ndh sheashfuamo xvaod Jhun Und/

Lm``mtaod av no hwnj{`h ml sheashfuaod fxsshou {ndh um nomughs {ndh/

Qmx fno v{hfalq n exsnuamo nluhs tgafg {ndh ta`` ch sheashfuhe/

0ghne?

0jhun guu{*h~xa|:#shlshvg#

fmouhou:#>;2 xs`:guu{9--ttt/uxumsan`v{maou/fmj# -?

0-ghne?

Al qmx emo$u {sm|aeh n exsnuamo ugho {ndh ta`` ch sheashfuheajjheanuh`q/

3/>> Vhuuaod Fmmbahv9

Qmx fno xvh Jhun Und um vumsh fmmbahv mo f`ahou vaeh `nuhs

aolmsjnuamo fno ch xvhe cq ugho Thc Vhs|hs um usnfb n vauh |avaums/

0ghne?

0jhun guu{*h~xa|:#fmmbah# fmouhou:#xvhsae:wqy2


7


9/107

GUJ@

hw{ashv:Theohvenq, ;7*Nxd*;; 36981981

DJU2 -?

0-ghne?

Al qmx em omu aof`xeh ugh hw{asnuamo enuh noe uajh, ugh fmmbah

av fmovaehshe n vhvvamo fmmbah noe ta`` ch eh`huhe tgho ugh xvhs

hwauv ugh csmtvhs/

>/ GUJ@ Nuusacxuhv

Nuusacxuhv nsh nomughs aj{msunou {nsu ml GUJ@ jnsbx{/ No

nuusacxuh av xvhe um ehlaoh ugh fgnsnfuhsavuafv ml no h`hjhou noe av

{`nfhe aovaeh ugh h`hjhou$v m{hoaod und/ N`` nuusacxuhv nsh jneh x{

ml utm {nsuv9 n onjh noe n |n`xh9


1


10/107

GUJ@

) Ugh onjh av ugh {sm{hsuq qmx tnou um vhu/ Lms hwnj{`h, ugh

0lmou? h`hjhou ao ugh hwnj{`h fnssahv no nuusacxuh tgmvh onjh av

lnfh, tgafg qmx fno xvh um aoeafnuh tgafg uq{hlnfh qmx tnou ugh

uhwu um n{{hns ao/

) Ugh |n`xh av tgnu qmx tnou ugh |n`xh ml ugh {sm{hsuq um ch/

Ugh lasvu hwnj{`h tnv vx{{mvhe um xvh ugh Nsan` uq{hlnfh, vm ugh

|n`xh ml ughlnfh nuusacxuh av Nsan`/

Ugh |n`xh ml ugh nuusacxuh vgmxè ch {xu ao emxc`h ~xmunuamo

jnsbv, noe av vh{nsnuhe lsmj ugh onjh cq ugh h~xn`v vado/ Qmx fno

vhh ugnu n fm`ms lms ugh uhwu gnv chho v{hfalahe nv th`` nv ugh uq{hlnfh

ao ugav 0lmou? h`hjhou9

6/> Ugh ae Nuusacxuh9

Ugh aenuusacxuh fno ch xvhe um xoa~xh`q aehoualq noq h`hjhou

taugao n {ndh ' ms vuq`h vghhu !/ Ughsh nsh utm {sajnsq shnvmov ugnu

qmx jadgu tnou um xvh no ae nuusacxuh mo no h`hjhou9

) Al no h`hjhou fnssahv no ae nuusacxuh nv n xoa~xh aehoualahs au

av {mvvac`h um aehoualq ixvu ugnu h`hjhou noe auv fmouhou/

) Al qmx gn|h utm h`hjhouv ml ugh vnjh onjh taugao n Thc

{ndh 'ms vuq`h vghhu!, qmx fno xvh ugh ae nuusacxuh um eavuaodxavgchuthho h`hjhouv ugnu gn|h ugh vnjh onjh/

Th ta`` eavfxvv vuq`h vghhu ao vh{nsnuh uxumsan`/ Lms omt, ugh

ae nuusacxuh fmxè ch xvhe um eavuaodxavg chuthho utm {nsndsn{g

h`hjhouv, àbh vm9

0{ ae:#guj`#?Ugav {nsn hw{`naov tgnu av GUJ@0-{?

0{ ae:#fvv#?Ugav {nsn hw{`naov tgnu av Fnvhfneaod

Vuq`h Vghhu0-{?

Omuh ugnu ughsh nsh vmjh v{hfan` sx`hv lms ugh |n`xh ml ugh ae

nuusacxuh, au jxvu9

) Chdao taug n `huuhs 'N/Y ms n/y! noe fno ugho ch lm``mthe

cq noq oxjchs ml `huuhsv, eadauv ';/1!, gq{ghov, xoehsvfmshv, fm`mov,

noe {hsamev/

) Shjnao xoa~xh taugao ugnu emfxjhou2 om utm nuusacxuhv

jnq gn|h ugh vnjh |n`xh taugao ugnu GUJ@ emfxjhou/

6/3 Ugh uau`h Nuusacxuh9


>;


11/107

GUJ@

Ugh uau`h nuusacxuh da|hv n vxddhvuhe uau`h lms ugh h`hjhou/

Ughq vqounw lms ugh uau`h nuusacxuh av vaja`ns nv hw{`naohe lms ae

nuusacxuh9

Ugh chgn|ams ml ugav nuusacxuh ta`` eh{hoe x{mo ugh h`hjhou

ugnu fnssahv au, nùgmxdg au av mluho eav{`nqhe nv n ummùa{ ms tga`h ugh

h`hjhou av `mneaod/

Lms hwnj{`h9

0g5 uau`h:#Gh``m GUJ@.#?Uau`he Ghneaod Und

Hwnj{`h0-g5?

Ncm|h fmeh ta`` dhohsnuh lm``mtaod shvxù9

Uau`he Ghneaod Und Hwnj{`h

6/6 Ugh f`nvv Nuusacxuh9

Ugh f`nvv nuusacxuh av xvhe um nvvmfanuh no h`hjhou taug n

vuq`h vghhu, noe v{hfalahv ugh f`nvv ml h`hjhou/ Qmx `hnso jmsh ncmxu

ugh xvh ml ugh f`nvv nuusacxuh tgho qmx ta`` `hnso Fnvhfneaod Vuq`h

Vghhu 'FVV!/ Vm lms omt qmx fno n|mae au/

Ugh |n`xh ml ugh nuusacxuh jnq n`vm ch n v{nfh*vh{nsnuhe àvu

ml f`nvv onjhv/

Lms hwnj{`h9f`nvv:#f`nvvOnjh> f`nvvOnjh3 f`nvvOnjh6#

6/5 Ugh vuq`h Nuusacxuh9

Ugh vuq`h nuusacxuh n``mtv qmx um v{hfalq FVV sx`hv taugao

ugh h`hjhou/ Lms hwnj{`h9

0{ vuq`h:#lmou*lnja`q9 nsan`2 fm`ms9&LL;;;;2#?Vmjh

uhwu///0-{?

6/5/> Aouhsonuamonàynuamo Nuusacxuhv9

Ughsh nsh ugshh aouhsonuamonàynuamo nuusacxuhv, tgafg nsh

n|na`nc`h um jmvu 'nùgmxdg omu n``! WGUJ@ h`hjhouv/

>/ ) eas

3/ ) `nod

6/ ) wj`9`nod

5/

6/5/>/> Ugh eas Nuusacxuh9


>>


12/107

GUJ@

Ugh easnuusacxuh n``mtv qmx um aoeafnuh um ugh csmtvhs ugh

eashfuamo ao tgafg ugh uhwu vgmxè l`mt/ Ugh eas nuusacxuh fno unbh

moh ml utm |n`xhv, nv qmx fno vhh ao ugh unc`h ugnu lm``mtv9

Hwnj{`h9

0guj` eas:su`?

0ghne?

0uau`h?Eav{`nq Eashfuamov0-uau h?

0-ghne?

0cmeq?

Ugav av gmt AH 8 shoehsv sadgu*um*`hlu eashfuhe uhwu/

0-cmeq?

0-guj`?

Tgho eas nuusacxuh av xvhe taugao ugh 0guj`? und, au

ehuhsjaohv gmt uhwu ta`` ch {shvhouhe taugao ugh houash emfxjhou/

Tgho xvhe taugao nomughs und, au fmousm`v ugh uhwu$v eashfuamo lms ixvu

ugh fmouhou ml ugnu und/

6/5/>/3 Ugh nod Nuusacxuh9

Ugh `nod nuusacxuh n``mtv qmx um aoeafnuh ugh jnao `nodxndh

xvhe ao n emfxjhou, cxu ugav nuusacxuh tnv bh{u ao GUJ@ mo`q lms

cnfbtnsev fmj{nuaca auq taug hnsàhs |hsvamov ml GUJ@/ Ugav

nuusacxuh gnv chho sh{`nfhe cq ugh wj`9`nod nuusacxuh ao oht

WGUJ@ emfxjhouv/


>3

\n`xh Jhnoaod

ùs@hlu um sadgu 'ugh

ehlnxù |n`xh!

su`

Sadgu um `hlu 'lms

`nodxndhv vxfg nv

Ghcsht ms Nsncaf

ugnu nsh shne sadgu

um `hlu!


13/107

GUJ@

Tgho aof`xehe taugao ugh 0guj`? und, ugh `nod nuusacxuh

v{hfalahv ugh `nodxndh qmx$|h dhohsn``q xvhe taugao ugh emfxjhou/

Tgho xvhe taugao mughs undv, ugh `nod nuusacxuh v{hfalahv ugh

`nodxndh qmx xvhe taugao ugnu und$v fmouhou/ Aehn``q, ugh csmtvhs

ta`` xvh `nodum chuuhs shoehs ugh uhwu lms ugh xvhs/

Ugh |n`xhv ml ugh `nod nuusacxuh nsh AVM*


14/107

GUJ@

cdfm`ms

oxjhsaf,

ghwaehfajn`

, SDC

|n`xhv

[`nfhv n

cnfbdsmxoe

fm`ms chgaoe no

h`hjhou

cnfbdsmxoe XS@

[`nfhv no

cnfbdsmxoe

ajndh

chgaoe no

h`hjhou

aeXvhs

Ehlaohe

Onjhv no

h`hjhou

lms xvh taug

Fnvfneaod

Vuq`h

Vghhuv/

f`nvvXvhs

Ehlaohe

F`nvvalahv no

h`hjhou

lms xvh taug

Fnvfneaod

Vuq`h

Vghhuv/

taeugOxjhsaf

\n`xh

V{hfalahv ugh

taeug ml unc`hv,

ajndhv, ms

unc`h fh``v/

ghadguOxjhsaf

\n`xh

V{hfalahv ughghadgu ml

unc`hv, ajndhv,

ms unc`h fh``v/

uau`hXvhs

Ehlaohe

#[m{*x{# uau`h

lms

qmxs h`hjhouv


>5


15/107

GUJ@

>/ GUJ@ Lmsjnuuaod Undv

Al qmx tnou {hm{`h um shne tgnu qmx gn|h tsauuho, ugho

vusxfuxsaod qmxs uhwu th`` av h|ho jmsh aj{msunou mo ugh Thc ugno

tgho tsauaod lms {saou/ [hm{`h gn|h usmxc`h shneaod taeh, `mod,

{nsndsn{gv ml uhwu mo Thc vauhv xo`hvv ughq nsh csmbho x{ th``/

Ugav vhfuamo ta`` uhnfg qmx cnvaf uhwu lmsjnuuaod h`hjhouv

àbh ghneaod h`hjhouv noe {nsndsn{g h`hjhouv/

5/> Tgauhv{nfh noe L`mt9

Chlmsh qmx vunsu um jnsb x{ qmxs uhwu, au av chvu um xoehsvunoe

tgnu GUJ@ emhv tgho au fmjhv nfsmvv v{nfhv noe gmt csmtvhsv

ushnu `mod vhouhofhv noe {nsndsn{gv ml uhwu/

Qmx jadgu ugaob ugnu al qmx {xu vh|hsn` fmovhfxua|h v{nfhv

chuthho utm tmsev, ugh v{nfhv tmxè n{{hns chuthho ugmvh tmsev

movfshho, cxu ugav av omu ugh fnvh2 cq ehlnxù, mo`q moh v{nfh ta`` ch


>8


16/107

GUJ@

eav{`nqhe/ Ugav av bomto nv tgauhv{nfh fm``n{vaod/ Vm qmx ohhe um

xvh v{hfan` GUJ@ undv um fshnuh jxùa{`h v{nfhv/

Vaja`ns`q, al qmx vunsu n oht àoh ao qmxs vmxsfh emfxjhou, ms

qmx gn|h fmovhfxua|h hj{uq àohv, ughvh ta`` ch adomshe noe vaj{`q

ushnuhe nv moh v{nfh/ Vm qmx ohhe um xvh v{hfan` GUJ@ undv um

fshnuh jmsh oxjchs ml hj{uq àohv/

5/3 Fshnuh Ghneaodv * Ugh 0go? H`hjhouv9

Noq emfxjhouv vunsuv taug n ghneaod/ Qmx xvh eallhshou

vayhv lms qmxs ghneaodv/ GUJ@ n`vm gn|h vaw `h|h`v ml ghneaodv,

tgafg xvh ugh h`hjhouv 0g>?, 0g3?, 0g6?, 0g5?, 0g8?, noe 0g


17/107

GUJ@

Ugav ta`` {smexfh lm``mtaod shvxù9

Ghsh av n {nsndsn{g ml uhwu/

Ghsh av n vhfmoe {nsndsn{g ml uhwu/

Ghsh av n ugase {nsndsn{g ml uhwu/

Qmx fno xvh nàdo nuusacxuh um nàdo qmxs {nsndsn{gv/

0{ nàdo:#`hlu#?Ugav av `hlu nàdohe/0-{?

0{ nàdo:#fhouhs#?Ugav av fhouhs nàdohe/0-{?

0{ nàdo:#sadgu#?Ugav av sadgu nàdohe/0-{?

0{ nàdo:#ixvualq#?Ugav av ixualahe/ Ugav tmsbv tgho

qmx gn|h jxùa{`h àohv ao qmxs {nsndsn{g noe qmx

tnou um ixvulq n`` ugh àohv vm ugnu ughq fno `mmb jmsh

oafh/0-{?


Ugav av `hlu nàdohe/

Ugav av fhouhs nàdohe/

Ugav av sadgu nàdohe/

Ugav av ixualahe/ Ugav tmsbv tgho qmx gn|h jxùa{`h àohv ao

qmxs {nsndsn{g noe qmx tnou um ixvulq n`` ugh àohv vm ugnu ughq fno

`mmb jmsh oafh/

5/5 Fshnuh @aoh Cshnbv * Ugh 0cs -? H`hjhou9

Tghoh|hs qmx xvh ugh 0cs -? h`hjhou, noqugaod lm``mtaod au

vunsuv mo ugh ohwu àoh/ Ugav und av no hwnj{`h ml no hj{uq h`hjhou,

tghsh qmx em omu ohhe m{hoaod noe f`mvaod undv, nv ughsh av omugaod

um dm ao chuthho ughj/

Omuh9 Ugh 0cs -? h`hjhou gnv n v{nfh chuthho ugh fgnsnfuhsv

cs noe ugh lmstnse v`nvg/ Al qmx mjau ugav v{nfh, mèhs csmtvhsv ta``

gn|h usmxc`h shoehsaod ugh àoh cshnb, tga`h al qmx javv ugh lmstnse

v`nvg fgnsnfuhs noe ixvu xvh 0cs? au av omu |nàe WGUJ@

Hwnj{`h9

Gh``m0cs -?

Qmx fmjh jmvu fnshlx``q x{mo qmxs gmxs/0cs -?

Ugnobv0cs -?


>4


18/107

GUJ@

Vgnvga


Gh``m

Qmx fmjh jmvu fnshlx``q x{mo qmxs gmxs/

Ugnobv

Vgnvga

5/8 Fhousaod Fmouhou * Ugh 0fhouhs? H`hjhou9

Qmx fno xvh 0fhouhs? und um {xu noq fmouhou ao ugh fhouhs ml

ugh {ndh ms noq unc`h fh``/

Hwnj{`h9

0{?Ugav av omu ao ugh fhouhs/0-{?

0fhouhs?

0{?Ugav av ao ugh fhouhs/0-{?

0-fhouhs?


Ugav av omu ao ugh fhouhs/

Ugav av ao ugh fhouhs/

5/< Omocshnbaod V{nfhv9

Vx{{mvh qmx thsh um xvh ugh {gsnvh #>3 Nodsq Jho/# Ghsh

qmx tmxè omu tnou n csmtvhs um v{àu ugh #>3# noe #Nodsq# nfsmvv

utm àohv9

N dmme hwnj{`h ml ugav uhfgoa~xh n{{hnsv ao ugh jm|ah #>3

Nodsq Jho/#

Ao fnvhv tghsh qmx em omu tnou ugh fàhou csmtvhs um cshnb

uhwu, qmx vgmxè xvh n omocshnbaod v{nfh houauq 'ocv{2! aovuhne ml

n omsjn` v{nfh/ Lms hwnj{`h, tgho fmeaod ugh #>3 Nodsq Jho#

{nsndsn{g, qmx tmxè xvh vmjhugaod vaja`ns um ugh lm``mtaod fmeh9

0{?N dmme hwnj{`h ml ugav uhfgoa~xh n{{hnsv ao ugh

jm|ah #>3ocv{2Nodsqocv{2Jho/#0-{?


>7


19/107

GUJ@

5/4 Vmlu Gq{ghov9

Mffnvamon``q, qmx ta`` tnou um n``mt n csmtvhs um gq{ghonuh

`mod tmsev um chuuhs ixvualq n {nsndsn{g/ Lms hwnj{`h, fmovaehs ughlm``mtaod fmeh noe auv shvxùaod mxu{xu/

0{ vuq`h:#uhwu*nàdo9 ixvualq2#? Ugh jmscae lhns ml ugh

oxjchs >6, ms usavbnaehbn{gmcan, gnv {`ndxhe vmjh aj{msunou

gavumsaf ladxshv àbh Jngnjaqn noe Ononm/0-{?

Ao fnvhv tghsh qmx tnou n fàhou csmtvhs um ch nc`h um

gq{ghonuh n tmse al ohfhvvnsq, xvh ugh vmlu gq{gho houauq 'vgq2! um

v{hfalq tghsh n tmse vgmxè ch gq{ghonuhe/ Vm ncm|h hwnj{`h

vgmxè ch tsauuho nv lm``mtv9

0{ vuq`h:#uhwu*n ado9 ixvualq2#? Hwnj{`h lms vmlu gq{gho *

Ugh jmscae lhns ml ugh oxjchs >6, ms

usavgq2vbnavgq2ehbnvgq2{gmcan, gnv {`ndxhe vmjh aj{msunou

gavumsaf ladxshv àbh Jngnjaqn noe Ononm/0-{?


Hwnj{`h lms vmlu gq{gho * Ugh jmscae lhns ml ugh oxjchs

>6, ms usavbnaehbn{gmcan, gnv {`ndxhe vmjh aj{msunou gavumsaf

ladxshv àbh Jngnjaqn noe Ononm/

OMUH9 Ugav jnq omutmsb taug vmjh thc csmtvhsv/

5/7 [shvhs|h Lmsjnuuaod * Ugh 0{sh? H`hjhou9

Vmjhuajhv qmx tnou qmxs uhwu um lm``mt ugh hwnfu lmsjnu ml

gmt au av tsauuho ao ugh GUJ@ emfxjhou/ Ao ugmvh fnvhv, qmx fno

xvh ugh {shlmsjnuuhe und '0{sh?!/Noq uhwu chuthho ugh m{hoaod 0{sh? und noe ugh f`mvaod

0-{sh? und ta`` {shvhs|h ugh lmsjnuuaod ml ugh vmxsfh emfxjhou/

0{sh?

lxofuamo uhvuLxofuamo' vusUhwu !r

n`hsu 'vusUhwu!

z

0-{sh?



>1


20/107

GUJ@

lxofuamo uhvuLxofuamo' vusUhwu !r

n`hsu 'vusUhwu!

z

5/1 Gmsaymoun` Sx`hv * Ugh 0gs -? H`hjhou

Gmsaymoun` sx`hv nsh xvhe um |avxn``q cshnb x{ vhfuamov ml n

emfxjhou/ Ugh 0gs? und fshnuhv n àoh lsmj ugh fxsshou {mvauamo ao

ugh emfxjhou um ugh sadgu jnsdao noe cshnbv ugh àoh nffmseaod`q/

Lms hwnj{`h qmx jnq tnou um da|h n àoh chuthho utm

{nsndsn{gv nv lm``mtv9

0{?Ugav av {nsndsn{g moh noe vgmxè ch mo um{0-{?

0gs -?

0{?Ugav av {nsndsn{g utm noe vgmxè ch nu

cmuumj0-{?


Ugav av {nsndsn{g moh noe vgmxè ch mo um{

Ugav av {nsndsn{g utm noe vgmxè ch nu cmuumj

Ndnao 0gs -? und av no hwnj{`h ml no hj{uq h`hjhou, tghsh

qmx em omu ohhe m{hoaod noe f`mvaod undv, nv ughsh av omugaod um dm

ao chuthho ughj/

Omuh9 Ugh 0gs -? h`hjhou gnv n v{nfh chuthho ugh fgnsnfuhsv

cs noe ugh lmstnse v`nvg/ Al qmx mjau ugav v{nfh, mèhs csmtvhsv ta``

gn|h usmxc`h shoehsaod ugh àoh cshnb, tga`h al qmx javv ugh lmstnse

v`nvg fgnsnfuhs noe ixvu xvh 0gs? au av omu |nàe WGUJ@/


3;


21/107

GUJ@

3/ [shvhounuamon` Undv

Al qmx xvh n tmse {smfhvvms, qmx nsh lnjaàns taug ugh ncaàuq

um jnbh uhwu cmè, aunàfayhe, ms xoehsàohe2 ughvh nsh ixvu ugshh ml

ugh uho m{uamov n|na`nc`h um aoeafnuh gmt uhwu fno n{{hns ao GUJ@

noe WGUJ@/

8/> Cmè Uhwu * Ugh 0c? H`hjhou9

Noqugaod ugnu n{{hnsv ao n 0c?///0-c? h`hjhou av eav{`nqhe

ao cmè, àbh ugh tmse cmè ghsh9

0{?Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n 0c?cmè0-c?

uq{hlnfh/0-{?Ugav ta`` {smexfh lm``mtaod shvxù9

Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n cmè uq{hlnfh/

8/3 Aunàf Uhwu * Ugh 0a? H`hjhou9

Noqugaod ugnu n{{hnsv ao n 0a?///0-a? h`hjhou av eav{`nqhe ao

aunàfayhe, àbh ugh tmse aunàfayhe ghsh9

0{?Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n0a?aunàfayhe0-a? uq{hlnfh/0-{?


3>


22/107

GUJ@


Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n aunàfayheuq{hlnfh/

8/6 Xoehsàohe Uhwu * Ugh 0x? H`hjhou9Noqugaod ugnu n{{hnsv ao n 0x?///0-x? h`hjhou av eav{`nqhe

taug xoehsàoh, àbh ugh tmse xoehsàohe ghsh9

0{?Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n

0x?xoehsàohe0-x? uq{hlnfh/0-{?


Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n xoehsàohe uq{hlnfh/

8/5 Vusabh Uhwu * Ugh 0vusabh? H`hjhou9

Noqugaod ugnu n{{hnsv ao n 0vusabh?///0-vusabh? h`hjhou av

eav{`nqhe taug vusabhugsmxdg, tgafg av n ugao àoh ugsmxdg ugh uhwu9


0vusabh?vusabhugsmxdg0-vusabh? uq{hlnfh/0-{?


Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n vusabhugsmxdg uq{hlnfh/

8/8 Jmomv{nfhe lmou * Ugh 0uu? H`hjhou9

Ugh fmouhou ml n 0uu? h`hjhou av tsauuho ao jmomv{nfhe lmou/

Jmvu lmouv nsh bomto nv |nsanc`h*taeug lmouv chfnxvh eallhshou

`huuhsv nsh ml eallhshou taeugv 'lms hwnj{`h, ugh `huuhs j av taehs ugno

ugh `huuhs a!/ Ao n jmomv{nfhe lmou, gmth|hs, hnfg `huuhs av ugh vnjh

taeug/


0uu?jmomv{nfhe0-uu? uq{hlnfh/0-{?


Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n jmomv{nfhe uq{hlnfh/


33


23/107

GUJ@

8/< Vx{hsvfsa{u Uhwu * Ugh 0vx{? H`hjhou9

Ugh fmouhou ml n 0vx{? h`hjhou av tsauuho ao vx{hsvfsa{u2 ugh

lmou vayh xvhe av ugh vnjh vayh nv ugh fgnsnfuhsv vxssmxoeaod au cxu aveav{`nqhe gn`l n fgnsnfuhs/v ghadgu ncm|h ugh mughs fgnsnfuhsv/


0vx{?vx{hsvfsa{u0-vx{? uq{hlnfh/0-{?


Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n vx{hsvfsa{u uq{hlnfh/

8/4 Vxcvfsa{u Uhwu * Ugh 0vxc? H`hjhou9

Ugh fmouhou ml n 0vxc? h`hjhou av tsauuho ao vxcvfsa{u2 ugh

lmou vayh xvhe av ugh vnjh nv ugh fgnsnfuhsv vxssmxoeaod au, cxu av

eav{`nqhe gn`l n fgnsnfuhs/v ghadgu chohnug ugh mughs fgnsnfuhsv/

0{?Ugh lm` mtaod tmse xvhv n 0vxc?vxcvfsa{u0-vxc?

uq{hlnfh/0-{?


Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n vxcvfsa{u uq{hlnfh/

8/7 @nsdhs Uhwu * Ugh 0cad? H`hjhou9

Ugh fmouhou ml ugh 0cad? h`hjhou av eav{`nqhe moh lmou vayh

`nsdhs ugno ugh shvu ml ugh uhwu vxssmxoeaod au/

0{?Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n 0cad?cad0-cad?

uq{hlnfh/0-{?


Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv ncaduq{hlnfh/

8/1 Vjn``hs Uhwu * Ugh 0vjn``? H`hjhou9

Ugh fmouhou ml ugh 0vjn``? h`hjhou av eav{`nqhe moh lmou

vayh vjn``hs ugno ugh shvu ml ugh uhwu vxssmxoeaod au/


0vjn``?vjn``0-vjn``? uq{hlnfh/0-{?



36


24/107

GUJ@

Ugh lm``mtaod tmse xvhv n vjn`` uq{hlnfh/

8/>; Dsmx{aod * Ugh 0ea|? noe 0v{no? H`hjhouv 9

Ugh 0ea|? noe 0v{no? h`hjhouv n``mt qmx um dsmx{ umdhughsvh|hsn` h`hjhouv um fshnuh vhfuamov ms vxcvhfuamov ml n {ndh/

Lms hwnj{`h, qmx jadgu tnou um {xu n`` ml ugh lmmuomuhv mo n

{ndh taugao n 0ea|? h`hjhou um aoeafnuh ugnu n`` ml ugh h`hjhouv

taugao ugnu 0ea|? h`hjhou sh`nuh um ugh lmmuomuhv/ Qmx jadgu ugho

nuunfg n vuq`h um ugav 0ea|? h`hjhou vm ugnu ughq n{{hns xvaod n

v{hfan` vhu ml vuq`h sx`hv/

Ugh 0ea|? h`hjhou av xvhe um dsmx{ c`mfb*`h|h` h`hjhouv

umdhughs9

0ea| ae:#jhox# nàdo:#jaee`h# ?

0n gshl:#-aoehw/guj#?GMJH0-n? p

0n gshl:#-ncmxu-fmounfu]xv/guj#?FMOUNFU0-n? p

0n gshl:#-ncmxu-aoehw/guj#?NCMXU0-n?

0-ea|?

0ea| ae:#fmouhou# nàdo:#`hlu# cdfm`ms:#tgauh#?

0g8?Fmouhou Nsuaf`hv0-g8?

0{?Nfuxn` fmouhou dmhv ghsh/////0-{? 0-ea|?


GMJH p FMOUNFU p NCMXU

Fmouhou Nsuaf`hv

Nfuxn` fmouhou dmhv ghsh/////

Ugh 0v{no? h`hjhou, mo ugh mughs gnoe, fno ch xvhe um dsmx{

aoàoh h`hjhouv mo`q/ Vm, al qmx gne n {nsu ml n vhouhofh ms

{nsndsn{g qmx tnouhe um dsmx{ umdhughs qmx fmxè xvh ugh 0v{no?

h`hjhou/

0ea|?0{?Ugav av ugh hwnj{`h ml 0v{no

vuq`h:#fm`ms9dshho#?v{no und0-v{no? noe ugh 0v{no

vuq`h:#fm`ms9{xs{`h#?ea| und0-v{no? n`modtaug

FVV0-{?0-ea|?



35
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25/107

GUJ@

Ugav av ugh hwnj{`h ml v{no und noe ugh ea| und

n`modtaug FVV

Ughvh undv nsh fmjjmo`q xvhe taug FVV um n``mt qmx um nuunfg n

vuq`h um n vhfuamo ml n {ndh/

6/ GUJ@ [gsnvh Undv

Tga`h vmjh ml ughvh {gsnvh h`hjhouv nsh eav{`nqhe ao n vaja`ns jnoohs

um ugh 0c?, 0a?, 0{sh?, noe 0uu? h`hjhouv qmx gn|h n`shneq vhho, ughq nsh

ehvadohe lms v{hfalaf {xs{mvhv/ Lms hwnj{`h, ugh 0hj? noe 0vusmod? h`hjhouv

da|h uhwu hj{gnvav noe vusmod hj{gnvav shv{hfua|h`q noe ughsh nsh vh|hsn`

h`hjhouv lms jnsbaod x{ ~xmuhv/

Hj{gnvayhe Uhwu * Ugh 0hj? H`hjhou9

Ugh fmouhou ml no 0hj? h`hjhou av aouhoehe um ch n {maou ml hj{gnvav ao

qmxs emfxjhou, noe au av xvxn``q eav{`nqhe ao aun`afayhe uhwu/ Ugh baoe ml

hj{gnvav aouhoehe av mo tmsev vxfg nv #jxvu# ao ugh lm``mtaod vhouhofh9

0{?Qmx 0hj?jxvu0-hj? shjhjchs um f`mvh h`hjhouv ao

WGUJ@/0-{?


Qmx jxvushjhjchs um f`mvh h`hjhouv ao WGUJ@/


26/107

GUJ@


27/107

GUJ@

/; av ugh T6F$v lasvu

Shfmjjhoenuamo lms WGUJ@, lm``mtaod mo lsmj hnsàhs tmsb mo

GUJ@ 5/;>, GUJ@ 5/;, GUJ@ 6/3 noe GUJ@ 3/;/ 0-c`mfb~xmuh?


Ugh lm``mtaod ehvfsa{uamo ml WGUJ@ av unbho lsmj ugh T6F Thc vauh9

WGUJ@ >/; av ugh T6F$v lasvu Shfmjjhoenuamo lms WGUJ@,

lm``mtaod mo lsmj hnsàhs tmsb mo GUJ@ 5/;>, GUJ@ 5/;, GUJ@ 6/3

noe GUJ@ 3/;/

Qmx fno xvh ugh fauh nuusacxuh mo ugh 0c`mfb~xmuh? h`hjhou

um aoeafnuh ugh vmxsfh ml ugh ~xmuh/

0{?Ugh lm``mtaod ehvfsa{uamo ml WGUJ@ av unbholsmj ughT6F Thc vauh90-{? 0c`mfb~xmuh

fauh:#guu{9--ttt/t6/msd-jnsbx{-#? WGUJ@ >/; av ugh

T6F$v lasvu Shfmjjhoenuamo lms WGUJ@, lm``mtaod mo

lsmj hnsàhs tmsb mo GUJ@ 5/;>, GUJ@ 5/;, GUJ@ 6/3

noe GUJ@ 3/;/ 0-c`mfb~xmuh?


28/107

GUJ@

?


Ugav av aovaeh fmeh h`hjhou

; Bhqcmnse Uhwu * Ugh 0bce? H`hjhou 9

Tgho qmx nsh un`baod ncmxu fmj{xuhsv, al qmx tnou um uh`` n shnehs um

houhs vmjh uhwu, qmx fno xvh ugh 0bce? h`hjhou um aoeafnuh tgnu vgmxè ch

uq{he ao, nv ao ugav hwnj{`h/

Ugh fmouhou ml n 0bce? h`hjhou av xvxn``q sh{shvhouhe ao n jmomv{nfhe

lmou snughs àbh ugh fmouhou ml ugh 0fmeh? h`hjhou/

0g>? 0bce?Ugav av aovaeh bce h`hjhou0-bce?0-g>?Ugav ta`` {smexfh lm``mtaod shvxù9

Ugav av aovaeh bce h`hjhou

> [smdsnjjaod \nsanc`hv * Ugh 0|ns? H`hjhou 9

Ugav h`hjhou av xvxn``q xvhe ao fmoixofuamo taug ugh 0{sh? noe 0fmeh?

h`hjhouv um aoeafnuh ugnu ugh fmouhou ml ugnu h`hjhou av n |nsanc`h ugnu fno ch

vx{{àhe cq n xvhs/


37


29/107

GUJ@

0{?0fmeh?emfxjhou/tsauh'#0|ns?xvhs*

onjh0-|ns?#!0-fmeh?0-{?


emfxjhou/tsauh'#xvhs*onjh#!

3 [smdsnj Mxu{xu * Ugh 0vnj{? H`hjhou 9

Ugh 0vnj{? h`hjhou aoeafnuhv vnj{`h mxu{xu lsmj n {smdsnj, vfsa{u, ms

ugh àbh/ Ndnao, au av jnao`q xvhe tgho emfxjhouaod {smdsnjjaod fmofh{uv/

Lms hwnj{`h9

0{?Shvxù {smexfhe cq ugh {smdsnj av 0vnj{?Gh` m

Tmsè0-vnj{?0-{?


Shvxù {smexfhe cq ugh {smdsnj av Gh``m Tmsè

6 Neeshvvhv * Ugh 0neeshvv? H`hjhou 9

Ugh 0neeshvv? h`hjhou av xvhe um fmounao noq neeshvv/ Lms hwnj{`h9

0neeshvv?6;5, Jhoon Fm`moq, Gqehsncne * AOEAN, 8;;;630-neeshvv?


6;5, Jhoon Fm`moq, Gqehsncne * AOEAN, 8;;;63

5 C`mfb noe Aoàoh H`hjhouv9

Th fno fnuhdmsahv n`` ugh h`hjhouv aoum utm vhfuamov9

>/ 5/> C`mfb*`h|h` h`hjhouv

C`mfb*`h|h` h`hjhouv n{{hns mo ugh vfshho nv al ughq gn|h n fnssandh

shuxso ms àoh cshnb chlmsh noe nluhs ughj/ Lms hwnj{`h ugh 0{?, 0g>?,

0g3?, 0g6?, 0g5?, 0g8?, 0g


30/107

GUJ@

0fmeh?, 0fauh?, 0elo?, 0bce?, noe 0|ns? h`hjhouv nsh n`` aoàoh

h`hjhouv/

>/ GUJ@ Fmjjhouv

Fmjjhouv nsh {ahfh ml fmeh tgafg av adomshe cq noq thc csmtvhs/ Au av

dmme {snfuafh um fmjjhou qmxs fmeh, hv{hfan``q ao fmj{`hw emfxjhouv, um

aoeafnuh vhfuamov ml n emfxjhou, noe noq mughs omuhv um noqmoh `mmbaod nu ugh

fmeh/ Fmjjhouv gh`{ qmx noe mughsv xoehsvunoe qmxs fmeh/

GUJ@ Fmjjhou àohv nsh aoeafnuhe cq ugh v{hfan` chdaooaod und 0.**

noe hoeaod und **? {`nfhe nu ugh chdaooaod noe hoe ml H\HSQ àoh um ch ushnuhe

nv n fmjjhou/

Fmjjhouv em omu ohvu, noe ugh emxc`h*envg vh~xhofh #**# jnq omu

n{{hns aovaeh n fmjjhou hwfh{u nv {nsu ml ugh f`mvaod **? und/ Qmx jxvu n`vm

jnbh vxsh ugnu ughsh nsh om v{nfhv ao ugh vunsu*ml*fmjjhou vusaod/

Lms hwnj{`h9 Da|ho àoh av n |nàe fmjjhou ao GUJ@

0.** Ugav av fmjjhouhe mxu **?

Cxu lm``mtaod àoh av omu n |nàe fmjjhou noe ta`` ch eav{`nqhe cq ugh

cmstvhs/ Ugav av chfnxvh ughsh av n v{nfh chuthho ugh `hlu nod`h csnfbhu noe ughhwf`njnuamo jnsb/

0 .** Ugav av fmjjhouhe mxu **?

Ch fnshlx` al qmx xvh fmjjhouv um #fmjjhou mxu# GUJ@ ugnu tmxè

mughstavh ch vgmto um ugh xvhs, vaofh vmjh mèhs csmtvhsv ta`` vua`` {nq

nuuhouamo um nod`h csnfbhuv aovaeh ugh fmjjhou noe f`mvh ugh fmjjhou

{shjnuxsh`q ** vm ugnu vmjh ml ugh uhwu ugnu tnv vx{{mvhe um ch aovaeh ugh

fmjjhou javunbho`q n{{hnsv nv {nsu ml ugh emfxjhou/

4/> Jxùaàoh Fmjjhouv9

Qmx gn|h vhho gmt um fmjjhou n vaod`h àoh ao GUJ@/ Qmx fno

fmjjhou jxùa{`h àohv cq ugh v{hfan` chdaooaod und 0.** noe hoeaod und **?

{`nfhe chlmsh ugh lasvu àoh noe hoe ml ugh `nvuàoh um ch ushnuhe nv n fmjjhou/

Lms hwnj{`h9

0.**

Ugav av n jxùaàoh fmjjhou 0cs -?


6;


31/107

GUJ@

noe fno v{no ugsmxdg nv jnoq nv `aohv qmx `abh/

**?

4/3 Fmoeauamon` Fmjjhouv 9

Fmoeauamon` fmjjhouv mo`q tmsb ao Hw{`mshs mo Taoemtv, noe nsh ugxv

hwfh``hou`q vxauhe um da|h v{hfan` aovusxfuamov jhnou mo`q lms Hw{`mshs mo

Taoemtv/ Ughq nsh vx{{msuhe lsmj Hw{`mshs 8 motnsev, noe au av h|ho {mvvac`h

um eavuaodxavg chuthho 8/;, 8/8 noe


32/107

GUJ@

--**?

0-vfsa{u?

Vaja`ns`q al qmx nsh xvaod Fnvhfneaod Vuq`h Vghhu ao qmxs GUJ@ fmeh

ugho au av shfmjjhoehe um {xu ugnu vuq`h vghhu fmeh aovaeh {sm{hs GUJ@

Fmjjhouv um jnbh m`e csmtvhs tmsbv {sm{hs`q/

Lms hwnj{`h9

0vuq`h?

0.**

ajdr

cmsehs9;{w2

z

--**?

0-vuq`h?

>/ GUJ@ Lmouv


63


33/107

GUJ@

Lmou lnfh noe fm`ms eh{hoev houash`q mo ugh fmj{xuhs noe csmtvhs ugnu

av chaod xvhe um |aht qmxs {ndh/ Cxu ugh 0lmou? und av xvhe um nee vuq`h, vayh,

noe fm`ms um ugh uhwu mo qmxs vauh/ Qmx fno xvh n 0cnvhlmou? und um vhu n`` ml

qmxs uhwu um ugh vnjh vayh, lnfh, noe fm`ms/

Ugh lmou und av gn|aod ugshh nuusacxuhv fn``he vayh, fm`ms, noe lnfh um

fxvumjayh qmxs lmouv/

Um fgnodh noq ml ugh lmou nuusacxuhv nu noq uajh taugao qmxs {ndh,

vaj{`q xvh ugh 0lmou? und/ Ugh uhwu ugnu lm``mtv ta`` shjnao fgnodhe xoua` qmx

f`mvh taug ugh 0-lmou? und/ Qmx fno fgnodh noq ms n`` ml ugh lmou nuusacxuhv nu

ugh moh uajh, cq aof`xeaod n`` ugh sh~xashe fgnodhv taugao ugh moh 0lmou? und/

OMUH9 Ugh lmou noe cnvhlmou undv nsh eh{shfnuhe noe au av

vx{{mvhe um ch shjm|he ao n lxuxsh |hsvamo ml GUJ@/ Vm au vgmx`e omu ch

xvhe/ Auv av vxddhvuhe um xvh fvv vuq`hv um jnoa{x`nuh qmxs lmou/

7/> Lmou Vayh9

Qmx fno vhu ugh vayh ml qmxs lmou taug vayh nuusacxuh/ Ugh snodh ml

nffh{uhe |n`xhv av lsmj >'vjn``hvu! um 4'`nsdhvu!/ Ugh ehlnx`u vayh ml n lmou av 6/

Hwnj{`h90lmou vayh:#>#?Lmou vayh:#>#0-lmou?

0lmou vayh:#3#?Lmou vayh:#3#0-lmou?




0lmou vayh:#


34/107

GUJ@

Lmou vayh:##?Lmou vayh:#">#0-lmou?

0lmou vayh:#"3#?Lmou vayh:#"3#0-lmou?




Lmou vayh:#*>#

Lmou vayh:#">#

Lmou vayh:#"3#

Lmou vayh:#"6#

Lmou

vayh:#"5#7/3 Lmou Lnfh9

Qmx fno vhu noq lmou qmx `abh xvaod lnfh nuusacxuh cxu ch ntnsh ugnu al

ugh xvhs |ahtaod ugh {ndh emhvo$u gn|h ugh lmou aovun``he, ughq ta`` omu ch nc`h

um vhh au/ Aovuhne ughq ta`` ehlnx`u um Uajhv Oht Smjno ml qmxs lmou taug vayh

nuusacxuh/ Vhh ch`mt lht hwnj{`hv mo xvaod eallhshou lmou lnfh


65


35/107

GUJ@

Hwnj{`h9

0lmou lnfh:#Uajhv Oht Smjno# vayh:#8#?Uajhv Oht

Smjno0-lmou?

0lmou lnfh:#\hsenon# vayh:#8#?\hsenon0-lmou?

0lmou lnfh:#Fmjaf vnov JV# vayh:#8#?Fmjaf Vnov JV0-lmou?

0lmou lnfh:#TaèThvu# vayh:#8#?TaèThvu0-lmou?

0lmou lnfh:#Chesmfb# vayh:#8#?Chesmfb0-lmou?


Uajhv Oht Smjno

\hsenon

Fmjaf Vnov JV

TaèThvu

Chesmfb

7/6 V{hfalq nùhsonuh lmou lnfhv9

N |avaums ta`` mo`q ch nc`h um vhh qmxs lmou al ughq gn|h ugnu lmou

aovun``he mo ughas fmj{xuhs/ Vm, au av {mvvac`h um v{hfalq utm ms jmsh lmou lnfh

nùhsonua|hv cq àvuaod ugh lmou lnfh onjhv, vh{nsnuhe cq n fmjjn/

Hwnj{`h9

0lmou lnfh:#nsan`,gh`|huafn#?

0lmou lnfh:#@xfaen Fn`àdsn{gq,Fmjaf Vnov JV,@xfaen Fmovm`h?

Tgho qmxs {ndh av `mnehe, ughas csmtvhs ta`` eav{`nq ugh lasvu lmou lnfh

ugnu au gnv n|na`nc`h/ Al omoh ml qmxs vh`hfuamov nsh aovun``he////ugho au ta`

eav{`nq ugh ehlnxù lmou lnfh Uajhv Oht Smjno/

7/5 Lmou Fm`ms9

Qmx fno vhu noq lmou fm`ms qmx àbh xvaod fm`ms nuusacxuh/ Qmx fno

v{hfalq ugh fm`ms ugnu qmx tnou cq haughs ugh fm`ms onjh ms ghwnehfajn` fmeh

lms ugnu fm`ms/ Fghfb n fmj{`huh àvu mlGUJ@ Fm`ms Onjh taug Fmehv/

Hwnj{`h9

0lmou fm`ms:#&LL;;LL#?Ugav uhwu av ghwfm`ms &LL;;LL0-lmou?


68
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/html/html_color_names.htmhttp://www.tutorialspoint.com/html/html_color_names.htm


36/107

GUJ@

0lmou fm`ms:#she#?Ugav uhwu av she0-lmou?


Ugav uhwu av ghwfm`ms &LL;;LL

Ugav uhwu av she

7/8 Ugh 0cnvhlmou? H`hjhou9

Ugh 0cnvhlmou? h`hjhou av vx{{mvhe um vhu n ehlnxù lmou vayh, fm`ms, noe

uq{hlnfh lms noq {nsuv ml ugh emfxjhou ugnu nsh omu mughstavh fmounaohe taugao n

0lmou? h`hjhou/ Qmx fno ugho xvh ugh 0lmou? h`hjhouv um m|hssaeh ugh

0cnvhlmou? vhuuaodv/

Ugh nuusacxuhv ugnu ugh 0cnvhlmou? h`hjhou unbhv nsh hwnfu`q ugh vnjh nv

lms ugh 0lmou? h`hjhou/ Qmx fno n`vm vhu ugh vayh ml lmouv sh`nua|h um ugh vayh mlugh 0cnvhlmou? cq da|aod ughj n |n`xh ml "> lms n vayh `nsdhs ms *3 lms utm vayhv

vjn``hs

OMUH9 Ugav h`hjhou av eh{shfnuhe ao GUJ@ 5 noe ta`` ch shjm|he

lsmj GUJ@, ugh {shlhsshe m{uamo av um xvh FVV vuq`hv/ Qmxs csmtvhs jnq omu

gn|h vx{{msu lms ugav und/

Hwnj{`h9

0cnvhlmou lnfh:#nsan`, |hsenon, vnov*vhsal# vayh:#3# fm`ms:#&ll;;;;#?

0{?Ugav av ugh {ndh$v ehlnxù lmou/0-{?

0g3?Hwnj{`h ml ugh ù2cnvhlmoudu2 H`hjhou0-g3?

0{?0lmou vayh:#"3# fm`ms:#ensbdsnq#?Ghsh av vmjh ensbdsnq uhwu

utm vayhv `nsdhs0-lmou?0-{?

0{?0lmou lnfh:#fmxsahs# vayh:#*># fm`ms:#&;;;;;;#?Ghsh av n fmxsahs

lmou, n vayh vjn``hs, ao c`nfb0-lmou?0-{?


Ugav av ugh {ndh$v ehlnxù lmou/

Hwnj{`h ml ugh 0cnvhlmou? H`hjhou

Ghsh av vmjh ensbdsnq uhwu

utm vayhv `nsdhs

Ghsh av n fmxsahs

lmou, n vayh vjn``hs, ao c`nfb

Nv qmx fno vhh, ugh ehlnxù lmou omt unbhv mo ugh {sm{hsuahv v{hfalahe ao

ugh 0cnvhlmou? h`hjhou/ Au av she, vayh 3, noe xvhv ugh Nsan` uq{hlnfh/


6


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38/107

GUJ@

1/> Nuusxcxuhv9

N GUJ@ jns~xhh fno gn|h lm``mtaod nuusacxuhv9

>/ >! taeug9 gmt taeh ugh jns~xhh av/ Ugav ta`` gn|h n |n`xh àbh >; ms 3;(huf/

3/ 3! ghadgu9 gmt un`` ugh jns~xhh av/ Ugav ta`` gn|h n |n`xh àbh >; ms 3;( huf/

6/ 6! eashfuamo9 tgafg eashfuamo ugh jns~xhh vgmxè vfsm``/ Ugav ta`` gn|h |n`xh

haughsx{, emto, `hlumssadgu/

5/ 5! chgn|ams9 tgnu uq{h ml vfsm`àod/ Ugav ta`` gn|h |n`xh vfsm``, vàe noe

nùhsonuh/

8/ 8! vfsm`èh`nq9 gmt `mod um eh`nq chuthho hnfg ixj{/ Ugav ta`` gn|h n |n`xh

àbh >; huf/

4/ 4! `mm{9 gmt jnoq uajhv um `mm{/ Ugh ehlnxù |n`xh av AOLAOAUH, tgafg jhnov

ugnu ugh jns~xhh `mm{v hoe`hvv`q/

7/ 7! cdfm`ms9 cnfbdsmxoe fm`ms/ Ugav ta`` gn|h noq fm`ms onjh ms fm`ms ghw

|n`xh/

1/ 1! gv{nfh9 gmsaymoun` v{nfh nsmxoe ugh jns~xhh/ Ugav ta`` gn|h n |n`xh àbh >;

ms 3;(huf/

>;/ >;! |v{nfh9 |hsuafn` v{nfh nsmxoe ugh jns~xhh/ Ugav ta`` gn|h n |n`xh àbh >;

ms 3;(huf/

Hwnj{`hv9

Ghsh nsh lht hwnj{`hv um ehjmovusnuh ugh xvndh ml jns~xhh und/

0jns~xhh?Ugav av cnvaf hwnj{`h ml jns~xhh0-jns~xhh?

0jns~xhh taeug:#8;(#?Ugav hwnj{`h ta`` unbh mo`q 8;(

taeug0-jns~xhh?

0jns~xhh eashfuamo:#sadgu#?Ugav uhwu ta`` vfsm`` lsmj `hlu um

sadgu0-jns~xhh?

0jns~xhh eashfuamo:#x{#?Ugav uhwu ta`` vfsm`` lsmj cmuumj um

x{0-jns~xhh?


67


39/107

GUJ@

>/ GUJ@ Ajndhv

Ajndhv nsh |hsq aj{msunou um chnxualq nv th`` nv um eh{afuv jnoq

fmofh{uv mo qmxs thc {ndh/ Auv av usxh ugnu moh vaod`h ajndh av tmsug ugno

ugxnvnoev ml tmsev/ Vm nv n Thc Eh|h`m{hs qmx vgmxè gn|h f`hns

xoehsvunoeaod mo gmt um xvh ajndhv ao qmxs thc {ndhv/

>;/> Aovhsu Ajndh * Ugh 0ajd? H`hjhou9

Qmx ta`` aovhsu noq ajndh ao qmxs thc {ndh cq xvaod 0ajd? und/

Lm``mtaod av ugh vaj{`h vqounw um xvh ugav und/

0ajd vsf:#ajndh XS@# nuus]onjh:#nuus]|n`xh#///jmsh

nuusacxuhv -?

>;/3 Ajndh Nuusacxuhv9

Lm``mtaod nsh jmvu lsh~xhou`q xvhe nuusacxuhv lms 0ajd? und/

>/ >! taeug9 vhuv taeug ml ugh ajndh/ Ugav ta`` gn|h n |n`xh àbh >; ms 3;(huf/

3/ 3! ghadgu9 vhuv ghadgu ml ugh ajndh/ Ugav ta`` gn|h n |n`xh àbh >; ms 3;( huf/

6/ 6! cmsehs9 vhuv n cmsehs nsmxoe ugh ajndh/ Ugav ta`` gn|h n |n`xh àbh > ms 3

huf/


61


40/107

GUJ@

5/ 5! vsf9 v{hfalahv XS@ ml ugh ajndh la`h/

8/ 8! nù9 ugav av no nùhsonuh uhwu tgafg ta`` ch eav{`nqhe al ajndh av javvaod/

sadgumsfhouhs/4/ 4! |nàdo9 ugav vhuv |hsuafn` nàdojhou ml ugh ajndh noe unbhv |n`xh haughs um{,

cmuumj msfhouhs/

7/ 7! gv{nfh9 gmsaymoun` v{nfh nsmxoe ugh ajndh/ Ugav ta`` gn|h n |n`xh àbh >; ms

3;(huf/

1/ 1! |v{nfh9 |hsuafn` v{nfh nsmxoe ugh ajndh/ Ugav ta`` gn|h n |n`xh àbh >; ms

3;(huf/

>;/ >;! onjh9 onjh ml ugh ajndh taug ao ugh emfxjhou/

>>/ >>! ae9 ae ml ugh ajndh taug ao ugh emfxjhou/

>3/ >3! vuq`h9 ugav ta`` ch xvhe al qmx nsh xvaod FVV/

>6/ >6! uau`h9 v{hfalahv n uhwu uau`h/ Ugh csmtvhs, {hsgn{v l`nvgaod ugh uau`h tgho ugh

jmxvh {nvvhv m|hs ugh àob/

>5/ >5! avjn{ noe xvhjn{9 Ughvh nuusacxuhv lms ugh 0ajd? und uh`` ugh csmtvhs

ugnu ugh ajndh av n v{hfan` jmxvh*vh`hfunc`h |avxn` jn{ ml moh ms jmsh gq{hsàobv,

fmjjmo`q bomto nv no ajndh jn{/ Th ta`` vhh gmt um xvh ughvh nuusacxuhv ao Ajndh

@aobv fgn{uhs

N Vaj{`h Hwnj{`h9

0ajd vsf:# e9-onuxsh-{>>>;;#

ghadgu:#>;;# cmsehs:#3# nàdo:#sadgu# uau`h:#GUJ@ Uxumsan`# -?



5;


41/107

GUJ@

Shjhjchs ugnu n`` ugh ajndhv ta`` gn|h n cmsehs cq ehlnx`u/ Ao mxs

hwnj{`hv auv omu vgmtaod chfnxvh mxs d`mcn` vuq`h vghhu gnv vhu ajd

rcmsehs9;{w2z tgafg jhnov ugnu om cmsehs ta`` ch eav{`nqhe ua`` au av jhouamohe

hw{`afau`q/

Qmx fno shjm|h no ajndh cmsehs cq vhuuaod cmsehs:#;# ms ugsmxdg

FVV cq vhuuaod ajd rcmsehs9;{w2z/

Tsn{{aod uhwu nsmxoe ajndhv9

Hwnj{`h >9

0{?Ugav av ugh lasvu {nsndsn{g ugnu n{{hnsv ncm|h ugh {nsndsn{g taug

ugh ajndh.0-{?

0{?0ajd vsf:# e9-onuxsh-{>>


42/107

GUJ@

shjnaoaod {msuamo ml ugh l`mt neinfhou um ugh ajndh/ Ugh ohu shvxù av

ugnu ugh emfxjhou fmouhou lm``mtaod ugh ajndh dhuv tsn{{he nsmxoe

ugh ajndh/

Hwnj{`h 39

Qmx fno xvh |v{nfh ms gv{nfh nuusacxuhv al qmx tnou um bhh{ vmjh

eavunofh chuthho uhwu noe ajndh/ @hu xv sh|avh ncm|h hwnj{`h9

0{?Ugav av ugh lasvu {nsndsn{g ugnu n{{hnsv ncm|h ugh {nsndsn{g taug

ugh ajndh.0-{?

0{?0ajd vsf:# e9-onuxsh-{>>;# gv{nfh:#>8#

taeug:#48#

ghadgu:#48#nù:#onuxsh# nàdo:#sadgu#?

Ugh ajndh ta`` n{{hns n`mod ugh sadgu gnoe vaeh ml ugh {nsndsn{g/ Nv

qmx fno vhh ugav av |hsq oafh lms neeaod n àuu`h hqh fnoeq ugnu sh`nuhv

um ugh v{hfalahe {nsndsn{g/0-{?

0{?Ugh `hlu noe sadgu ajndh*nàdojhou |n`xhv uh`` ugh csmtvhs um

{`nfh no ajndh ndnaovu ugh `hlu ms sadgu jnsdao, shv{hfua|h`q, ml ughfxsshou uhwu l`mt/ Ugh csmtvhs ugho shoehsv vxcvh~xhou emfxjhou

fmouhou ao ugh shjnaoaod {msuamo ml ugh l`mt neinfhou um ugh ajndh/

Ugh ohu shvxù av ugnu ugh emfxjhou fmouhou lm``mtaod ugh ajndh dhuv

tsn{{he nsmxoe ugh ajndh/ 0-{?


Ugav av ugh lasvu {nsndsn{g ugnu n{{hnsv ncm|h ugh {nsndsn{g taug ugh

ajndh.

Ugh ajndh ta`` n{{hns n`mod ugh sadgu gnoe vaeh ml ugh {nsndsn{g/ Nv

qmx fno vhh ugav av |hsq oafh lms neeaod n àuu`h hqh fnoeq ugnu sh`nuhv um

ugh v{hfalahe {nsndsn{g/Ugh `hlu noe sadgu ajndh*n adojhou |n`xhv uh``

ugh csmtvhs um {`nfh no ajndh ndnaovu ugh `hlu ms sadgu jnsdao,


53


43/107

GUJ@

shv{hfua|h`q, ml ugh fxsshou uhwu l`mt/ Ugh csmtvhs ugho shoehsv

vxcvh~xhou emfxjhou fmouhou ao ugh shjnaoaod {msuamo ml ugh l`mt

neinfhou um ugh ajndh/ Ugh ohu shvxù av ugnu ugh emfxjhou fmouhou

lm``mtaod ugh ajndh dhuv tsn{{he nsmxoe ugh ajndh/

>;/6 Tgafg ajndh lmsjnu av vxaunc`h lms qmx =

Ugh ajndhv ao Dsn{gafv Aouhsfgnodh Lmsjnu * DAL lmsjnu nsh chvu xvhe

lms cnoohsv, fà{ nsu, noe cxuumov/ Ugh jnao shnvmo lms ugav av ugnu dalv fno gn|h

n usnov{nshou cnfbdsmxoe tgafg av {safh`hvv tgho au fmjhv um thc ehvado/ Mo

ugh emto vaeh, dalv nsh xvxn``q `nsdhs la`hv, omu nv fmj{shvvhe nv n i{hd, tgafg

fn``v lms v`mt `mne uajhv noe `nsdh usnovlhs snuhv/ Dalv nsh n`vm àjauhe um ugh

38< fm`ms vfghjh/

Ugv ajndhv ao Imaou [gmumdsn{gaf Hw{hsuv Dsmx{ * I[HD lmsjnu gn|h

no xoàjauhe fm`ms tghh`, noe gn|h n gadg fmj{shvvamo snuh emtovayaod qmxs

`mne uajhv noe vn|aod gnse esa|h v{nfh/ I[HDv emo$u n``mt lms usnov{nshou

cnfbdsmxoev, cxu ughas vayh-~xnàuq snuam av mxuvunoeaod/ Auv chvu um xvh I[HD

lmsjnu lms {gmum dn``hsahv, ms nsutmsb um n``mt ugh |ahths um fnufg ugnu hwusn cau

ml ehuna`/ N|mae I{hdv lms dsn{gafn` ehvado, vuafb um xvaod ughj lms ugxjcona`v

noe cnfbdsmxoev/

Ugh ajndhv ao [msunc`h Ohutmsb Dsn{gafv * [OD lmsjnu av no

hwuhovac`h la`h lmsjnu lms ugh `mvv`hvv, {msunc`h, th``*fmj{shvvhe vumsndh ml

snvuhs ajndhv/ [OD {sm|aehv n {nuhou*lshh sh{`nfhjhou lms DAL noe fno n`vm

sh{`nfh jnoq fmjjmo xvhv ml UALL/ Aoehwhe*fm`ms, dsnqvfn`h, noe usxhfm`ms

ajndhv nsh vx{{msuhe, {`xv no m{uamon` n`{gn fgnooh`/ Vnj{`h eh{ugv snodh

lsmj > um >< cauv/ [OD n`vm fmj{shvvhv chuuhs ugno DAL ao n`jmvu h|hsq fnvh

'8( um 38( ao uq{afn` fnvhv!/


56


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GUJ@

>/ GUJ@ Uhwu @aobv

Thc {ndhv fno fmounao àobv ugnu unbh qmx eashfu`q um mughs {ndhv noe

h|ho v{hfalaf {nsuv ml n da|ho {ndh/ Ughvh àobv nsh bomto nv gq{hsàobv/

Gq{hs aobv n``mt |avaumsv um on|adnuh chuthho Thc vauhv cq fàfbaod mo

tmsev, {gsnvhv, noe ajndhv/ Ugxv qmx fno fshnuh gq{hsàobv xvaod uhwu ms

ajndhv n|na`nc`h mo qmxs noq thc {ndh/

>>/> @aobaod Emfxjhouv * Ugh 0n? H`hjhou9

N àob av v{hfalahe xvaod ugh 0n? h`hjhou/ Ugav h`hjhou av fn``he nofgms

und nv th``/ Noqugaod chuthho ugh m{hoaod 0n? und noe ugh f`mvaod 0-n? undchfmjhv {nsu ml ugh àob noe n xvhs fno fàfb ugnu {nsu um shnfg um ugh àobhe

emfxjhou/

Lm``mtaod av ugh vaj{`h vqounw um xvh ugav und/

0n gshl:#Emfxjhou XS@# nuus]onjh:#nuus]|n`xh#///jmsh

nuusacxuhv -?

>>/3 Nofgms Nuusacxuhv9

Lm``mtaod nsh jmvu lsh~xhou`q xvhe nuusacxuhv lms 0n? und/

>/ gshl9 v{hfalahv ugh XS@ ml ugh unsdhu ml n gq{hsàob/ Auv |n`xh av noq

|nàe emfxjhou XS@, ncvm`xuh ms sh`nua|h, aof`xeaod n lsndjhou aehoualahs ms n

In|nVfsa{u fmeh lsndjhou/

3/ unsdhu9 v{hfalq tghsh um eav{`nq ugh fmouhouv ml n vh`hfuhe gq{hs aob/ Al

vhu um #]c`nob# ugho n oht taoemt ta`` ch m{hohe um eav{`nq ugh `mnehe {ndh, al vhu um


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GUJ@

#]um{# ms #]{nshou# ugho vnjh taoemt ta`` ch xvhe um eav{`nq ugh `mnehe emfxjhou, al

vhu um #]vh`l# ugho `mnev ugh oht {ndh ao fxsshou taoemt/ Cq ehlnxù auv #]vh`l#/

6/ onjh ae9 nuusacxuhv {`nfhv n `nch` taugao n emfxjhou/ Tgho ugnu `nch`

av xvhe ao n àob um ugnu emfxjhou, au av ugh h~xa|n`hou ml uh`àod ugh csmtvhs um dmum ugnu

`nch`/

5/ h|hou9 nuusacxuhv àbh moFàfb, moJmxvhM|hshuf/ nsh xvhe um usaddhs noq

In|nvfsa{u mu \Cvfsa{u fmeh/

8/ uau`h9 nuusacxuh `huv qmx v{hfalq n uau`h lms ugh emfxjhou um tgafg qmx nsh

àobaod/ Ugh |n`xh ml ugh nuusacxuh av noq vusaod, hof`mvhe ao ~xmunuamo jnsbv/ Ugh

csmtvhs jadgu xvh au tgho eav{`nqaod ugh àob, {hsgn{v l`nvgaod ugh uau`h tgho ugh

jmxvh {nvvhv m|hs ugh àob/


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GUJ@

0cnvh gshl:#guu{9--ttt/uxumsan`v{maou/fmj-#?

0-ghne?Vm omt al qmx ta`` xvh 0n gshl:#-guj`-aoehw/guj# ugho au ta`` ch

fmovaehshe nv 0n gshl:#guu{9--ttt/uxumsan`v{maou/fmj-guj`-aoehw/guj#/

>>/5 @aobaod um n [ndh Vhfuamo9

Qmx fno fshnuh n àob um n {nsuafx`ns vhfuamo ml n {ndh cq xvaod onjh

nuusacxuh/ Ghsh th ta`` fshnuh ugshh àobv taug*ao ugav {ndh auvh`l/

Lasvu fshnuh n àob um shnfg um ugh um{ ml ugav {ndh/ Ghsh av ugh fmeh th

gn|h xvhe lms ugh uau`h ghneaodGUJ@ Uhwu @aobv

0g>?GUJ@ Uhwu @aobv 0n onjh:#um{#?0-n?0-g>?

Omt qmx gn|h n {`nfh tghsh qmx fno shnfg/ Um shnfg um ugav {`nfh xvh

ugh lm``mtaod fmeh taug*ao ugav emfxjhou noqtghsh9

0n gshl:#-guj`-guj`]uhwu]àobv/guj&um{#?Dm um ugh Um{0-n?

Ugav ta`` {smexfh lm``mtaod àob noe qmx usq xvaod ugav àob um shnfg um ugh um{

ml ugav {ndh9

Dm um ugh Um{

OMUH9 Ghsh th nsh xvaod sh`nua|h {nug/ Qmx fno da|h fmj{`huh XS@

noe ugho & noe ugho àob onjh hd/

guu{9--ttt/uxumsan`v{maou/fmj-guj`-guj`]uhwu]àobv/guj&um{

Qmx fno xvh ugav uq{h ml XS@ ao noq mughs {ndh um shnfg eashfu`q um n

{nsuafx`ns vhfuamo/

>>/8 Vhuuaod @aob Fm`msv9

Qmx fno vhu fm`msv ml qmxs àobv, nfua|h àobv noe |avauhe àobv xvaod

àob, nàob noe |àob nuusacxuhv ml 0cmeq? und/ Cxu au av shfmjjhoehe um xvh

FVV um vhu fm`msv ml àobv, |avauhe àobv noe nfua|h àobv/

Lm``mtaod av ugh hwnj{`h th gn|h xvhe lms mxs thc vaeh uxumsan`v{maou/fmj

n9àob rfm`ms9&1;;C;12 cnfbdsmxoe*fm`ms9usnov{nshouz

n9|avauhe rfm`ms9&1;;C;12 cnfbdsmxoe*fm`ms9usnov{nshouz

n9nfua|h rfm`ms9&LL;;;;2 cnfbdsmxoe*fm`ms9usnov{nshouz

n9gm|hs rfm`ms9&LL;;;;2 cnfbdsmxoe*fm`ms9usnov{nshouz

Qmx fno shlhs um Vuq`h Vghhu Uxumsan` lms n fmj{`huh xoehsvunoeaod mo FVV/


5


47/107

GUJ@

Mughstavh qmx fno xvh 0cmeq? und um vhu àob fm`msv/ Ghsh av ugh vqounw/

0cmeq nàob:#&LL;;;;# àob:#&1;;C;1# |àob:#&1;;C;1#?

///////

0-cmeq?

>>/< Fshnuh Emto`mne @aobv9

Qmx fno fshnuh uhwu àob um jnbh qmxs [EL, ms EMF ms YA[ la`hv

emto`mnenc`h/ Ugav av |hsq vaj{`h, qmx ixvu ohhe um da|h fmj{`huh XS@ ml ugh

emto`mnenc`h la`h nv lm``mtv9

0n gshl:#guu{9--ttt/hwnj{`h/fmj-la`h/{el#?Emto`mne La`h0-n?

Ugav ta`` {smexfh lm``mtaod àob noe ta`` ch xvhe um emto`mne n la`h/

Emto`mne La`h

Qmx fno omu jnbh no ajndh emto`mne nc`h xoua` qmx lm``mt ugh lm``mtaod

{smfhexsh/

Gmt Um Snavh n #La`h Emto`mne# Ean`md Cmw =

Vmjhuajh au av ehvashe ugnu qmx tnou um da|h m{uamo tghsh n xvh ta``

fàfb n àob noe au ta`` {m{ x{ n #La`h Emto`mne# cmw um ugh xvhs ao vuhne ml

eav{`nqaod nfuxn` fmouhou/ Ugav av |hsq hnvq noe ta`` ch nfga|he ugsmxdg GUU[

ghnehs/Ugav GUU[ ghnehs ta`` ch eallhshou lsmj ugh ghnehs jhouamohe ao

{sh|amxv vhfuamo/

Lms hwnj{`h,al qmx tnou jnbh n La`hOnjh la`h emto`mnenc`h lsmj n

da|ho àob ugho auv vqounw ta`` ch nv lm``mtv/

&.-xvs-cao-{hs`

& GUU[ Ghnehs

{saou #Fmouhou*Uq{h9n{{àfnuamo-mfuhu*vushnj2

onjh:P#La`hOnjhP#PsPo#2

{saou #Fmouhou*Eav{mvauamo9 nuunfgjhou2

la`honjh:P#La`hOnjhP#PsPoPo#2

& Nfuxn` La`h Fmouhou ta`` dm ghns/

m{ho' LA@H, #0La`hOnjh# !2

tga`h'shne'LA@H, %cxllhs, >;;! !


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GUJ@

r

{saou'#%cxllhs#!2


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GUJ@

>/ GUJ@ Ajndh @aobv

>3/> Jmxvh*Vhovaua|h Ajndhv9

Ugh GUJ@ noe WGUJ@ vunoensev {sm|aeh n lhnuxsh ugnu `huv qmx

hjche jnoq eallhshou àobv aovaeh ugh vnjh ajndh/ Fàfbaod eallhshou nshnv ml

ugh ajndh fnxvhv ugh csmtvhs um àob um eallhshou unsdhu emfxjhouv/ Vxfg

jmxvh*vhovaua|h ajndhv bomto nv ajndh jn{v/

Ughsh nsh utm tnqv um fshnuh ajndh jn{v9

>/ ) N vhs|hs*vaeh ajndh jn{v9 av honc`he cq ugh avjn{ nuusacxuh lms ugh 0ajd?

und noe sh~xashv nffhvv um n vhs|hs noe sh`nuhe ajndh*jn{ {smfhvvaod n{{àfnuamov

3/ ) N fàhou*vaeh ajndh jn{v9 av fshnuhe taug ugh xvhjn{ nuusacxuh lms ugh 0ajd?

und, n`mod taug fmsshv{moeaod 0jn{? noe 0nshn? undv/Vhs|hs*Vaeh Ajndh Jn{v9

Qmx nee no ajndh um no nofgms vaj{`q cq {`nfaod no 0ajd? und taugao

ugh cmeq ml ugh 0n? und/ Jnbh ugnu hjcheehe ajndh aoum n jmxvh*vhovaua|h moh

cq neeaod ugh avjn{ nuusacxuh um ugh 0ajd? und/ Ugav v{hfan` 0ajd? nuusacxuh

uh``v ugh csmtvhs ugnu ugh ajndh av n v{hfan` jn{ fmounaoaod jmsh ugno moh àob/

Tgho ugh xvhs fàfbv vmjh {`nfh taugao ugh ajndh, ugh csmtvhs {nvvhv

ugh fmmseaonuhv ml ugh jmxvh {maouhs n`mod taug ugh XS@ v{hfalahe ao ugh 0n?

und um ugh emfxjhou vhs|hs/ Ugh vhs|hs xvhv ugh jmxvh*{maouhs fmmseaonuhv um

ehuhsjaoh tgafg emfxjhou um ehà|hs cnfb um ugh csmtvhs/

Tgho avjn{ av xvhe, ugh gshl nuusacxuh ml ugh fmounaoaod 0n? und jxvu

fmounao ugh XS@ ml n vhs|hs n{{àfnuamo àbh njn{ la`h ms fda vfsa{u huf/ um

{smfhvv ugh aofmjaod sh~xhvu cnvhe mo ugh {nvvhe fmmseaonuhv/

Ugh fmmseaonuhv ml ugh jmxvh {mvauamo nsh vfshho {awh`v fmxouhe lsmj

ugh x{{hs*`hlu fmsohs ml ugh ajndh, chdaooaod taug ';,;!/ Ugh fmmseaonuhv,

{shfhehe cq n ~xhvuamo jnsb, nsh neehe um ugh hoe ml ugh XS@/Lms hwnj{`h, al n xvhs fàfbv 8; {awh`v m|hs noe 6; {awh`v emto lsmj ugh

x{{hs*`hlu fmsohs ml ugh ajndh eav{`nqhe lsmj ugh lm``mtaod àob9

0n gshl:#-fda*cao-`mdm/jn{# unsdhu:#]vh`l# ?

0ajd avjn{ vsf:#-ajndhv-guj`/dal#

nù:#GUJ@# cmsehs:#;#-?

0-n?


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GUJ@

Ugho ugh csmtvhs vhoev ugh lm``mtaod vhnsfg {nsnjhuhsv um ugh GUU[

vhs|hs tgafg fno ch {smfhvvhe cq fda vfsa{u ms jn{ la`h noe qmx fno àob

tgnuh|hs qmx àbh um ughvh fmmseaonuhv9

-fda*cao-`mdm/jn{=8;,6;OMUH9 Fmo|hsuaod ugh fmmseaonuhv aoum n v{hfalaf emfxjhou av gnoe`he

cq ugh vhs|hs vaeh n{{àfnuamo, haughs fda {smdsnjjh ms v{hfan` jn{ la`hv

{sm|aehe cq vhc vhs|hs/ Lms jmsh ehuna` FghfbXvaod GUJ@ avjn{/

>3/3 Fàhou*Vaeh Ajndh Jn{v9

Fàhou vaeh ajndh jn{v nsh honc`he cq ugh xvhjn{ nuusacxuh lms ugh

0ajd -? und noe ehlaohe cq v{hfan` 0jn{? noe 0nshn? hwuhovamo undv/

Ugh ajndh ugnu av dmaod um lmsj ugh jn{ av aovhsuhe aoum ugh {ndh xvaod

ugh 0ajd -? h`hjhou nv omsjn`, hwfh{u au fnssahv no hwusn nuusacxuh fn` he

xvhjn{/ Ugh |n`xh ml ugh xvhjn{ nuusacxuh av ugh |n`xh ml ugh onjh nuusacxuh mo

ugh 0jn{? h`hjhou, tgafg qmx nsh ncmxu um jhhu, {shfhehe cq n {mxoe ms gnvg

vado/

Ugh 0jn{? h`hjhou nfuxn``q fshnuhv ugh jn{ lms ugh ajndh noe xvxn``q

lm``mtv eashfu`q nluhs ugh 0ajd -? h`hjhou/ Au nfuv nv n fmounaohs lms ugh 0nshn -?

h`hjhouv ugnu nfuxn``q ehlaoh ugh fàfbnc`h gmuv{muv/ Ugh 0jn{? h`hjhou fnssahv

mo`q moh nuusacxuh, ugh onjh nuusacxuh, tgafg av ugh onjh ugnu aehoualahv ugh jn{/Ugav av gmt ugh 0ajd -? h`hjhou bomtv tgafg 0jn{? h`hjhou um xvh/

Ugh 0nshn? h`hjhou v{hfalahv ugh vgn{h noe ugh fmmseaonuhv ugnu ehlaoh

ugh cmxoensahv ml hnfg fàfbnc`h gmuv{mu/ Ghsh$v no hwnj{`h lsmj ugh ajndh

jn{9

0ajd vsf:-ajndhv-guj`/dal n u:#GUJ@ Jn{# cmsehs:#;#

xvhjn{:#&guj`#-?

0.** Fshnuh Jn{{aodv **?

0jn{ onjh:#guj`#?

0nshn vgn{h:#fasf`h#

fmmsev:#>85,>8;,81# gshl:#àob>/guj# nù:#àob >#

unsdhu:#]vh`l# -?

0nshn vgn{h:#{m`q#

fmmsev:#343,41,68>,41,68>,>8,578,577,343,3>7,

313,>


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GUJ@

gshl:#àob3/guj# unsdhu:#]vh`l# -?

0nshn vgn{h:#shfu#

fmmsev:#638,335,577,37 , q> , w3 , q3

w> noe q> nsh ugh fmmseaonuhv ml ugh x{{hs `hlu fmsohs ml ugh

shfunod`h2 w3 noe q3 nsh ugh fmmseaonuhv ml ugh `mths sadgu fmsohs/

Ughshlmsh, n shfunod`h tgafg dmhv lsmj >;,8 um 3;,38 tmxè gn|h ugh

nuusacxuh fmmsev:#>;,8,3;,38#/ N shfunod`h tgafg ehlaohv ugh x{{hs*`hlu

~xnsuhs ml no ajndh jadgu xvh fmmsev:#;,;,8;(,8;(#/

fasf`h : wf , qf , sneaxv

wf noe qf nsh ugh fmmseaonuhv ml ugh fhouhs ml ugh fasf`h, noe

sneaxv av ugh fasf`h$v sneaxv/ N fasf`h fhouhshe nu 3;;,8; taug n sneaxv ml

38 tmxè gn|h ugh nuusacxuh fmmsev:#3;;,8;,38#2 moh fhouhshe nu ugh

ajndh$v fhouhs noe gn|aod n eanjhuhs ml gn`l ugh ajndh tmxè ch

ehlaohe cq fmmsev:#8;(,8;(,38(#/{m`q : w> , q> , w3 , q3 , w6 , q6 , /// wo , qo

Ugh |nsamxv w*q {nasv ehlaoh |hsuafhv '{maouv! ml ugh {m`qdmo,

taug n #àoh# chaod esnto lsmj moh {maou um ugh ohwu {maou/ N eanjmoe*

vgn{he {m`qdmo taug auv um{ {maou nu 3;,3; noe 5; {awh`v nfsmvv nu auv

taehvu {maouv tmxè gn|h ugh nuusacxuh

fmmsev:#3;,3;,5;,5;,3;,


52/107

GUJ@

v{njjaod/ Vm al qmx nsh dmaod um {xu qmxs hjna` àob mo n {xcàf thcvauh ughoqmx gn|h ch {sh{nshe lms noua*v{njjaod nv th``/

Qmx fno gn|h nomughs m{uamo um lnfaàunuh {hm{`h um vhoe qmx hjna`v/Ugav m{uamo av um xvh GUJ@ lmsjv um unbh xvhs enun noe ugho xvh FDA vfsa{u umvhoe no hjna`/

>6/> GUJ@ Hjna` Und9

GUJ@ 0n? und {sm|aehv qmx lnfaàuq um v{hfalaq no hjna` neeshvv umvhoe no hjna`/ Tga`h xvaod 0n? und nv no hjna` und ugho qmx ta`` xvhjnaùm9hjna` neeshvv n`mod taug gshlnuusacxuh/ Lm``mtaod av ugh vqounw mlxvaod jnaùm aovuhne ml xvaod guu{/

0n gshl: #jnaùm9ncfKhwnj{`h/fmj#?Vhoe Hjna`0-n?

Ugav fmeh ta`` dhohsnuh lm``mtaod àob9

Vhoe Hjna`

Omt al n xvhs ta`` fàfb ugav àob ugho au ta`` `noxfg moh Hjna` Fàhou' àbh @muxv Omuhv, Mxu`mmb Hw{shvv huf/ ! aovun``he mo qmxs xvhs$v fmj{xuhs/

Ugav av nomughs savb um xvh ugav {smfhexsh chfnxvh al xvhsv em omu gn|hhjna` fàhou aovun``he mo ughas fmj{xuhs ugho au tmxè omu ch {mvvac`h um vhoeqmx hjna`/

Ehlnxù Hjna` Vxcihfu noe Cmeq9

Qmx fno v{hfalq n ehlnxù hjna` vxcihfunoe hjna` cmeq n`modtaug qmxs

hjna` neeshvv/ Lm``mtaod av ugh hwnj{`h um xvh ehlnxù vxcihfu noe cmeq/

0n gshl:#jnaùm9ncfKhwnj{`h/fmj=vxcihfu:Lhhecnfbcmeq:Jhvvndh#?Vhoe Lhhecnfb0-n?

Ugav fmeh ta`` dhohsnuh lm``mtaod àob9

Vhoe Lhhecnfb


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53/107

GUJ@

3/ GUJ@ Unc`hv

Unc`hv nsh |hsq xvhlx` um nssnodh ao GUJ@ noe ughq nsh xvhe |hsq

lsh~xhou`q cq n`jmvu n`` thc eh|h`m{hsv/ Unc`hv nsh ixvu `abh v{shnevghhuv noe

ughq nsh jneh x{ ml smtv noe fm`xjov/

Qmx ta`` fshnuh n unc`h ao GUJ@-WGUJ@ cq xvaod 0unc`h? und/ Aovaeh

0unc`h? h`hjhou ugh unc`h av tsauuho mxu smt cq smt/ N smt av fmounaohe aovaeh n

0us? und / tgafg vunoev lms unc`h smt/ Noe hnfg fh`` av ugho tsauuho aovaeh ugh

smt h`hjhou xvaod n 0ue? und / tgafg vunoev lms unc`h enun/

Hwnj{`h9

0unc`h cmsehs:#>#?

0us?

0ue?Smt >, Fm`xjo >0-ue?

0ue?Smt >, Fm`xjo 30-ue?

0-us?

0us?


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GUJ@

0ue?Smt 3, Fm`xjo >0-ue?

0ue?Smt 3, Fm`xjo 30-ue?

0-us?

0-unc`h?Ugav ta`` {smexfh lm``mtaod shvx`u9

Smt >, Fm`xjo > Smt >, Fm`xjo 3

Smt 3, Fm`xjo > Smt 3, Fm`xjo 3

OMUH9 Ao ugh ncm|h hwnj{`h cmsehs av no nuusacxuh ml 0unc`h? noe au

ta`` {xu cmsehs nfsmvv n`` ugh fh``v/ Al qmx em omu ohhe n cmsehs ugho qmx fn` xvh

cmsehs:#;#/ Ugh cmsehs nuusacxuh noe mughs nuusacxuhv n`vm jhouamoh eao ugav

vhvvamo nsh eh{shfnuhe noe ughq gn|h chho sh{`nfhe cq FVV/ Vm au av

shfmjjhoehe um xvh FVV aovuhne ml xvaod noq nuusacxuh eashfu`q/

>5/> Unc`h Ghneaod * Ugh 0ug? H`hjhou9

Unc`h ghneaod fno ch ehlaohe xvaod 0ug? h`hjhou/ Ugav und ta`` ch {xu

um sh{`nfh 0ue? und tgafg av xvhe um sh{shvhou nfuxn` enun/ Omsjn``q qmx ta``

{xu qmxs um{ smt nv unc`h ghneaod nv vgmto ch`mt, mughstavh qmx fno xvh 0ug?

h`hjhou nu noq {`nfh9

0unc`h cmsehs:#>#?

0us?

0ug?Onjh0-ug?

0ug?Vn`nsq0-ug?

0-us?

0us?0ue?Snjhvg Snjno0-ue?

0ue?8;;;0-ue?

0-us?

0us?

0ue?Vgnccas Gxvvhao0-ue?

0ue?4;;;0-ue?

0-us?

0-unc`h?


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GUJ@

Ugav ta`` {smexfh lm``mtaod shvx`u/ Qmx fno vhh auv jnbaod ghneaod nv n cm`e

moh9

Onjh Vn`nsqSnjhvg Snjno 8;;;

Vgnccas Gxvvhao 4;;;

OMUH9 Hnfg fh`` jxvu, gmth|hs, gn|h haughs n 0ue? ms n 0ug? h`hjhou

ao msehs lms ugh unc`h um eav{`nq fmsshfu`q h|ho al ugnu h`hjhou av hj{uq/

>5/3 Unc`h Fh``{neeaod noe Fh``v{nfaod9

Ughsh nsh utm nuusacaxuhv fn``he fh``{neeaodnoe fh``v{nfaodtgafg qmx

ta` xvh um neixvu ugh tgauh v{nfh ao qmxs unc`h fh` / Fh` v{nfaod ehlaohv ugh

taeug ml ugh cmsehs, tga`h fh` {neeaod sh{shvhouv ugh eavunofh chuthho fh``

cmsehsv noe ugh fmouhou taugao/ Lm``mtaod av ugh hwnj{`h9

0unc`h cmsehs:#># fh``{neeaod:#8# fh``v{nfaod:#8#?

0us?

0ug?Onjh0-ug?

0ug?Vn`nsq0-ug?0-us?

0us?

0ue?Snjhvg Snjno0-ue?

0ue?8;;;0-ue?

0-us?

0us?

0ue?Vgnccas Gxvvhao0-ue?

0ue?4;;;0-ue?

0-us?

0-unc`h?


Onjh Vn`nsq

Snjhvg Snjno 8;;;



88


56/107

GUJ@

Qmx ta`` xvh fm`v{no nuusacxuh al qmx tnou um jhsdh utm ms jmsh

fm`xjov aoum n vaod`h fm`xjo/ Vaja`ns tnq qmx ta`` xvh smtv{no al qmx tnou um

jhsdh utm ms jmsh smtv/ Lm``mtaod av ugh hwnj{`h9

0unc`h cmsehs:#>#?

0us?

0ug?Fm`xjo >0-ug?

0ug?Fm`xjo 30-ug?

0ug?Fm`xjo 60-ug?

0-us?

0us?0ue smtv{no:#3#?Smt > Fh`` >0-ue?

0ue?Smt > Fh`` 30-ue?0ue?Smt > Fh`` 60-ue?0-us?

0us?0ue?Smt 3 Fh`` 30-ue?0ue?Smt 3 Fh`` 60-ue?0-us?

0us?0ue fm`v{no:#6#?Smt 6 Fh`` >0-ue?0-us?

0-unc`h?


Fm`xjo > Fm`xjo

3Fm`xjo 6

Smt > Fh`` >

Smt >

Fh`` 3Smt > Fh`` 6

Smt 3

Fh`` 3Smt 3 Fh`` 6

Smt 6 Fh`` >

>5/6 Unc`hv CnfbdsmxoevQmx fno vhu unc`h cnfbdsmxoe xvaod ml ugh lm``mtaod utm tnqv9

>/ Xvaod cdfm`msnuusacxuh * Qmx fno vhu cnfbdsmxoe fm`ms lms tgm`h unc`h ms ixvu

lms moh fh``/

3/ Xvaod cnfbdsmxoenuusacxuh * Qmx fno vhu cnfbdsmxoe ajndh lms tgm`h unc`h ms

ixvu lms moh fh``/

OMUH9Qmx fno vhu cmsehs fm`ms n`vm xvaod cmsehsfm`msnuusacxuh/

Ghsh av no hwnj{`h ml xvaod cdfm`msnuusacxuh9


8


57/107

GUJ@

0unc`h cmsehs:#8# cmsehsfm`ms:#dshho# cdfm`ms:#dsnq#?

0us?

0ug?Fm`xjo >0-ug?

0ug?Fm`xjo 30-ug?0ug?Fm`xjo 60-ug?

0-us?


0ue cdfm`ms:#she#?Smt > Fh`` 30-ue?0ue?Smt > Fh`` 60-ue?0-us?


0us?0ue fm`v{no:#6#?Smt 6 Fh`` >0-ue?0-us?

0-unc`h?


Fm`xjo >Fm`xjo

3Fm`xjo 6

Smt > Fh`` >

Smt >

Fh`` 3Smt > Fh`` 6

Smt 3

Fh`` 3Smt 3 Fh`` 6

Smt 6 Fh`` >

Ghsh av no hwnj{`h ml xvaod cnfbdsmxoenuusacxuh9

0unc`h cmsehs:#># cnfbdsmxoe:#-ajndhv-gmjh/dal#?

0us?

0ug?Fm`xjo >0-ug?

0ug?Fm`xjo 30-ug?

0ug?Fm`xjo 60-ug?

0-us?


0ue cdfm`ms:#she#?Smt > Fh`` 30-ue?0ue?Smt > Fh`` 60-ue?0-us?


0us?0ue fm`v{no:#6# cnfbdsmxoe:#-ajndhv-{nuuhso>/dal#?

Smt 6 Fh`` >

0-ue?0-us?

0-unc`h?


84


58/107

GUJ@


Fm`xjo >Fm`xjo

3

Fm`xjo 6

Smt > Fh`` >

Smt >

Fh`` 3Smt > Fh`` 6

Smt 3

Fh`` 3Smt 3 Fh`` 6

Smt 6 Fh`` >

>5/5 Unc`h ghadgu noe taeug9

Qmx fno vhu n unc`h taeug noe ghadgu xvaod taeug noe ghadgunuusxcxuhv/

Qmx fno v{hfalq unc`h taeug ms ghadgu ao uhsjv ml aouhdhs |n`xh ms ao uhsjv ml

{hsfhoundh ml n|na`nc`h vfshho nshn/ Lm``mtaod av ugh hwnj{`h9

0unc`h cmsehs:#># taeug:#5;;# ghadgu:#>8;#?0us?0ue?Smt >, Fm`xjo >0-ue?0ue?Smt >, Fm`xjo 30-ue?0-us?0us?0ue?Smt 3, Fm`xjo >0-ue?

0ue?Smt 3, Fm`xjo 30-ue?0-us?0-unc`h?


Smt >, Fm`xjo > Smt >, Fm`xjo 3


>5/8 Xvaod Unc`h Fn{uamo9

Ugh fn{uamo undv ta`` vhs|h nv n uau`h ms hw{`nonuamo noe vgmt x{ nu ughum{ ml ugh unc`h/ Ugav und av eh{snfnuhe ao ohths |hsvamo ml GUJ@-WGUJ@/

0unc`h cmsehs:#>#?0fn{uamo?Ugav av ugh fn{uamo0-fn{uamo?0us?0ue?smt >, fm`xjo >0-ue?0ue?smt >, fm`xjoo 30-ue?0-us?0-unc`h?


Ugav av ugh fn{uamo


87


59/107

GUJ@

smt >, fm`xjo > smt >, fm`xjoo 3

>5/< Xvaod n Ghnehs, Cmeq, noe Lmmuhs9

Unc`hv fno ch ea|aehe aoum ugshh {msuamov9 n ghnehs, n cmeq, noe n lmmu/

Ugh ghne noe lmmu nsh snughs vaja`ns um ghnehsv noe lmmuhsv ao n tmse*{smfhvvhe

emfxjhou ugnu shjnao ugh vnjh lms h|hsq {ndh, tga`h ugh cmeq av ugh jnao

fmouhou ml ugh unc`h/

Ugh ugshh h`hjhouv lms vh{nsnuaod ugh ghne, cmeq, noe lmmu ml n unc`h nsh9

>/ 0ughne? * um fshnuh n vh{nsnuh unc`h ghnehs/

3/ 0ucmeq? * um aoeafnuh ugh jnao cmeq ml ugh unc`h/

6/ 0ulmmu? * um fshnuh n vh{nsnuh unc`h lmmuhs/

N unc`h jnq fmounao vh|hsn` 0ucmeq? h`hjhouv um aoeafnuh eallhshou{ndhv ms dsmx{v ml enun/ Cxu au av omunc`h ugnu 0ughne? noe 0ulmmu? undv vgmx`en{{hns chlmsh 0ucmeq?

0unc`h cmsehs:#># taeug:#>;;(#?0ughne?0us?0ue fm`v{no:#5#?Ugav av ugh ghne ml ugh unc`h0-ue?0-us?0-ughne?0ulmmu?0us?0ue fm`v{no:#5#?Ugav av ugh lmmu ml ugh unc`h0-ue?0-us?0-ulmmu?0ucmeq?0us?0ue?Fh`` >0-ue?

0ue?Fh`` 30-ue?0ue?Fh`` 60-ue?0ue?Fh`` 50-ue?0-us?0us?///jmsh smtv ghsh fmounaoaod lmxs fh``v///0-us?0-ucmeq?0ucmeq?0us?0ue?Fh`` >0-ue?

0ue?Fh`` 30-ue?0ue?Fh`` 60-ue?


81


60/107

GUJ@

0ue?Fh`` 50-ue?0-us?0us?///jmsh smtv ghsh fmounaoaod lmxs fh``v///0-us?

0-ucmeq?0-unc`h?


Ugav av ugh ghne ml ugh unc`h

Ugav av ugh lmmu ml ugh unc`h

Fh`` > Fh`` 3 Fh`` 6 Fh`` 5

///jmsh smtv ghsh fmounaoaod lmxs fh``v///

Fh`` > Fh`` 3 Fh`` 6 Fh`` 5

///jmsh smtv ghsh fmounaoaod lmxs fh``v///

>5/4 Ohvuhe Unc`hv9

Qmx fno xvh moh unc`h aovaeh nomughs unc`h/ Omu mo`q unc`hv qmx fno xvhn`jmvu n`` ugh undv aovaeh unc`h enun und 0ue?/

Lm``mtaod av ugh hwnj{`h ml xvaod nomughs unc`h noe mughs undv aovaeh n

unc`h fh``/0unc`h cmsehs:#>#?0us?0ue?

0unc`h cmsehs:#>#?0us?0ug?Onjh0-ug?0ug?Vn`nsq0-ug?0-us?0us?0ue?Snjhvg Snjno0-ue?

0ue?8;;;0-ue?0-us?0us?0ue?Vgnccas Gxvvhao0-ue?0ue?4;;;0-ue?0-us?0-unc`h?

0-ue?0ue?

0x`?0à?Ugav av nomughs fh``0-à?

0à?Xvaod àvu aovaeh ugav fh``0-à?0-x`?



61/107

GUJ@

0-ue?0-us?0us?0ue?Smt 3, Fm`xjo >0-ue?0ue?Smt 3, Fm`xjo 30-ue?

0-us?0-unc`h?


Onjh Vn`nsq

Snjhvg Snjno 8;;;


>/ Ugav av nomughs fh``

3/ Xvaod avu aovaeh ugav fh``


>/ GUJ@ Lsnjhv

Lsnjhv ea|aeh n csmtvhs taoemt aoum vh|hsn` {ahfhv ms {nohv, hnfg

{noh fmounaoaod n vh{nsnuh WGUJ@-GUJ@ emfxjhou/ Moh ml ugh bhq

ne|noundhv ugnu lsnjhv mllhs av ugnu qmx fno ugho `mne noe sh`mne vaod`h {nohv

taugmxu gn|aod um sh`mne ugh houash fmouhouv ml ugh csmtvhs taoemt/ N

fm``hfuamo ml lsnjhv ao ugh csmtvhs taoemt av bomto nv n lsnjhvhu/

Ugh taoemt av ea|aehe x{ aoum lsnjhv ao n vaja`ns {nuuhso um ugh tnq

unc`hv nsh msdnoayhe9 aoum smtv noe fm`xjov/ Ugh vaj{`hvu ml lsnjhvhuv jadgu

ixvu ea|aeh ugh vfshho aoum utm smtv, tga`h n fmj{`hw lsnjhvhu fmx`e xvh

vh|hsn` smtv noe fm`xjov/



62/107

GUJ@

Ughsh nsh lht esntcnfbv n`vm qmx vgmx`e ch ntnsh ml taug lsnjhv nsh

nv lm``mtv9

>/ Vmjh csmtvhsv em omu {saou th`` lsmj lsnjhvhuv/

3/ Vmjh vjn``hs eh|afhv fnoomu fm{h taug lsnjhv, mluho chfnxvh ughas vfshho

av omu cad homxdg um ch ea|aehe x{/

6/ Vmjh uajh qmxs {ndh ta`` ch eav{`nqhe eallhshou`q mo eallhshou fmj{xuhsv

exh um eallhshou vfshho shvm`xuamo/

5/ Ugh csmtvhs$v cnfb cxuumo jadgu omu tmsb nv ugh xvhs gm{hv/

8/ Ughsh nsh vua`` lht csmtvhsv tgm em omu vx{{msu lnsjh uhfgom`mdq/

>/

Um fshnuh n lsnjhvhu emfxjhou, lasvu qmx ohhe ugh 0lsnjhvhu? h`hjhou,

tgafg av xvhe aovuhne ml ugh 0cmeq? h`hjhou/ Ugh lsnjhvhu ehlaohv ugh smtv

noe fm`xjov qmxs {ndh av ea|aehe aoum, tgafg ao uxso v{hfalq tghsh hnfg

aoea|aexn` lsnjh ta`` dm/ Hnfg lsnjh av ugho sh{shvhouhe cq n 0lsnjh? h`hjhou/

Qmx n`vm ohhe um `hnso ugh 0omlsnjhv? h`hjhou, tgafg {sm|aehv n

jhvvndh lms xvhsv tgmvh csmtvhsv em omu vx{{msu lsnjhv/

>8/> Fshnuaod Lsnjhv * Ugh 0lsnjhvhu? H`hjhou9

>/ Ugh 0lsnjhvhu? und sh{`nfhv ugh 0cmeq? h`hjhou ao lsnjhvhu emfxjhouv/

3/ Ugh 0lsnjhvhu? und ehlaohv gmt um ea|aeh ugh taoemt aoum lsnjhv/

6/ Hnfg lsnjhvhu ehlaohv n vhu ml smtv ms fm`xjov/ Al qmx ehlaoh lsnjhv cq

xvaod smtv ugho gmsaymoun` lsnjhv nsh fshnuhe/ Al qmx ehlaoh lsnjhv cq xvaod fm`xjov

ugho |hsuafn` lnsjhv nsh fshnuhe/

5/ Ugh |n`xhv ml ugh smtv-fm`xjov aoeafnuh ugh njmxou ml vfshho nshn hnfg

smt-fm`xjo ta`` mffx{q/

8/ Hnfg lnsjh av aoeafnuhe cq 0lsnjh? und noe au ehlaohv tgnu GUJ@emfxjhou um {xu aoum ugh lsnjh/

Hwnj{`h9

Lm``mtaod av ugh hwnj{`h um fshnuh ugshh gmsaymoun` lsnjhv9

0guj`?

0ghne?

0uau`h?Lsnjhv hwnj{`h0-uau`h?

0-ghne?



63/107

GUJ@

0lsnjhvhu smtv:#>;(,7;(,>;(#?

0lsnjh vsf:#-guj`-um{]lsnjh/guj# -?

0lsnjh vsf:#-guj`-jnao]lsnjh/guj# -?

0lsnjh vsf:#-guj`-cmuumj]lsnjh/guj# -?0omlsnjhv?

0cmeq?

Qmxs csmtvhs emhv omu vx{{msu lsnjhv/

0-cmeq?

0-omlsnjhv?

0-lsnjhvhu?

0-guj`?

Omt fshnuh ugshh GUJ@ la`hv fn``he um{]lsnjh/guj, jnao]lsnjh/guj

noe cmuumj]lsnjh/guj um ch `mnehe aoum ugshh lsnjhv taug vmjh fmouhou/

>8/3 Ugh 0lsnjhvhu? H`hjhou Nuusacxuhv9

Lm``mtaod nsh aj{msunou nuusacxuhv ml 0lsnjhvhu? noe vgmxè ch bomto

um qmx um xvh lsnjhvhu/

>/ >8/3/> fm`v9 v{hfalahv gmt jnoq fm`xjov nsh fmounaohe ao ugh lsnjhvhu noe ugh

vayh ml hnfg fm`xjo/ Qmx fno v{hfalq ugh taeug ml hnfg fm`xjo ao moh ml lmxs tnqv9

3/

) Ncvm`xuh |n`xhv ao {awh`v/ Lms hwnj{`h um fshnuh ugshh |hsuafn`

lsnjhv, xvh fm`v:#>;;, 8;;,>;;#/

) N {hsfhoundh ml ugh csmtvhs taoemt/ Lms hwnj{`h um fshnuh ugshh

|hsuafn` lsnjhv, xvh fm`v:#>;(, 7;(,>;(#/

) Xvaod n taèfnse vqjcm`/ Lms hwnj{`h um fshnuh ugshh |hsuafn`

lsnjhv, xvh fm`v:#>;(, ),>;(#/ Ao ugav fnvh taèfnse unbhv

shjnaoehs ml ugh taoemt/

) Nv sh`nua|h taeugv ml ugh csmtvhs taoemt/ Lms hwnj{`h um fshnuh

ugshh |hsuafn` lsnjhv, xvh fm`v:#6),3),>)#/ Ugav av no nùhsonua|h

um {hsfhoundhv/ Qmx fno xvh sh`nua|h taeugv ml ugh csmtvhs

taoemt/ Ghsh ugh taoemt av ea|aehe aoum vawugv9 ugh lasvu fm`xjo

unbhv x{ gn`l ml ugh taoemt, ugh vhfmoe unbhv moh ugase, noe ugh

ugase unbhv moh vawug/



64/107

GUJ@

6/

5/ >8/3/3 smtv9 nuusacxuh tmsbv ixvu àbh ugh fm`v nuusacxuh noe fno unbh ugh vnjh

|n`xhv, cxu au av xvhe um v{hfalq ugh smtv ao ugh lsnjhvhu/ Lms hwnj{`h um fshnuh utm

gmsaymoun` lsnjhv, xvh smtv:#>;(, 1;(#/ Qmx fno v{hfalq ugh ghadgu ml hnfg smt ao

ugh vnjh tnq nv hw{`naohe ncm|h lms fm`xjov/

8/

8/3/6 cmsehs9 nuusacxuh v{hfalahv ugh taeug ml ugh cmsehs ml hnfg lsnjh ao

{awh`v/ Lms hwnj{`h cmsehs:#8#/ N |n`xh ml yhsm v{hfalahv ugnu om cmsehs vgmxè ch

ughsh/

4/

7/ >8/3/5 lsnjhcmsehs9 v{hfalahv tghughs n ugshh*eajhovamon` cmsehs vgmxè ch

eav{`nqhe chuthho lsnjhv/ Ugav nuusxcxuh unbhv |n`xh haughs > 'qhv! ms ; 'om!/ Lms

hwnj{`h lsnjhcmsehs:#;# v{hfalahv om cmsehs/

1/

>;/ >8/3/8 lsnjhv{nfaod9 v{hfalahv ugh njmxou ml v{nfh chuthho lsnjhv ao n

lsnjhvhu/ Ugav fno unbh noq aouhdhs |n`xh/ Lms hwnj{`h lsnjhv{nfaod:#>;# jhnov

ughsh vgmxè ch >; {awh`v v{nfaod chuthho hnfg lsnjhv/

>8/6 @mneaod Fmouhou * Ugh 0lsnjh? H`hjhou9Ugh 0lsnjh? h`hjhou aoeafnuhv tgnu dmhv ao hnfg lsnjh ml ugh lsnjhvhu/

Ugh 0lsnjh? h`hjhou av n`tnqv no hj{uq h`hjhou, noe ughshlmsh vgmxè omu

gn|h noq fmouhou, nùgmxdg hnfg 0lsnjh? h`hjhou vgmxè n`tnqv fnssq moh

nuusacxuh, vsf, um aoeafnuh ugh {ndh ugnu vgmxè sh{shvhou ugnu lsnjh/

Lsmj ugh ncm|h hwnj{`h, `huv unbh vjn`` voa{{hu9

0lsnjh vsf:#-guj`-um{]lsnjh/guj# -?

0lsnjh vsf:#-guj`-jnao]lsnjh/guj# -?0lsnjh vsf:#-guj`-cmuumj]lsnjh/guj# -?

>8/5 Ugh 0lsnjh? H`hjhou Nuusacxuhv9

Lm``mtaod nsh aj{msunou nuusacxuhv ml noe vgmxè ch bomto um qmx um xvh

lsnjhv/

>8/5/> vsf 9 aoeafnuhv ugh la`h ugnu vgmxè ch xvhe ao ugh lsnjh/ Auv |n`xh

fno ch noq XS@/ Lms hwnj{`h, vsf:#-guj`-um{]lsnjh/guj# ta`` `mne no GUJ@

la`h n|nac`h ao guj` eashfumsq/



65/107

GUJ@

>8/5/3 onjh 9 nuusacxuh n``mtv qmx um da|h n onjh um n lsnjh/ Au av xvhe

um aoeafnuh tgafg lsnjh n emfxjhou vgmxè ch `mnehe aoum/ Ugav av hv{hfan``q

aj{msunou tgho qmx tnou um fshnuh àobv ao moh lsnjh ugnu `mne {ndhv aoum n

vhfmoe lsnjh, ao tgafg fnvh ugh vhfmoe lsnjh ohhev n onjh um aehoualq auvh`l nv

ugh unsdhu ml ugh àob/

>8/5/6 lsnjhcmsehs 9 nuusacxuh v{hfalahv tghughs ms omu ugh cmsehsv ml

ugnu lsnjh nsh vgmto2 au m|hssaehv ugh |n`xh da|ho ao ugh lsnjhcmsehs nuusacxuh

mo ugh 0lsnjhvhu? h`hjhou al moh av da|ho, noe ugh {mvvac`h |n`xhv nsh ugh vnjh/

Ugav fno unbh |n`xhv haughs > 'qhv! ms ; 'om!/

>8/5/5 jnsdaotaeug 9 n``mtv qmx um v{hfalq ugh taeug ml ugh v{nfh

chuthho ugh `hlu noe sadgu ml ugh lsnjh$v cmsehsv noe ugh lsnjh$v fmouhou/ Ugh

|n`xh av da|ho ao {awh`v/ Lms hwnj{`h jnsdaotaeug:#>;#/

>8/5/8 jnsdaoghadgu 9 n``mtv qmx um v{hfalq ugh ghadgu ml ugh v{nfh

chuthho ugh um{ noe cmuumj ml ugh lsnjh$v cmsehsv noe auv fmouhouv/ Ugh |n`xh av

da|ho ao {awh`v/ Lms hwnj{`h jnsdaoghadgu:#>;#/

>8/5/< omshvayh9 Cq ehlnxù qmx fno shvayh noq lsnjh cq fàfbaod noe

esnddaod mo ugh cmsehsv ml n lsnjh/ Ugh omshvayh nuusacxuh {sh|houv n xvhs lsmj

chaod nc`h um shvayh ugh lsnjh/ Lms hwnj{`h omshvayh:#omshvayh#/

>8/5/4 vfsm`àod9 fmousm`v ugh n{{hnsnofh ml ugh vfsm``cnsv ugnu n{{hns mo

ugh lsnjh/ Ugav unbhv |n`xhv haughs #qhv#, #om# ms #nxum#/ Lms hwnj{`h

vfsm`àod:#om# jhnov au vgmxè omu gn|h vfsm`` cnsv/

>8/5/7 `modehvf 9 n` mtv qmx um {sm|aeh n àob um nomughs {ndh

fmounaoaod n `mod

ehvfsa{uamo ml ugh fmouhouv ml ugh lsnjh/ Lms hwnj{`h

`modehvf:#lsnjhehvfsa{uamo/guj#

>8/8 Csmtvhs Vx{{msu * Ugh 0omlsnjhv? H`hjhou9

Al n xvhs av xvaod noq mè csmtvhs ms noq csmtvhs tgafg emhv omu

vx{{msu lsnjhv ugho 0omlsnjhv? h`hjhou vgmxè ch eav{`nqhe um ugh xvhs/

Ao WGUJ@ qmx jxvu {`nfh n 0cmeq? h`hjhou aovaeh ugh 0omlsnjhv?

h`hjhou chfnxvh ugh 0lsnjhvhu? h`hjhou av vx{{mvhe um sh{`nfh ugh 0cmeq?

h`hjhou, cxu al n csmtvhs emhv omu xoehsvunoe ugh 0lsnjhvhu? h`hjhou au vgmxè

xoehsvunoe tgnu av aovaeh ugh 0cmeq? h`hjhou fmounaohe ao ugh 0omlsnjhv?

h`hjhou/



66/107

GUJ@

Qmx fno {xu vmjh oafh jhvvndh lms qmxs xvhs gn|aod mè csmtvhsv/ Lms

hwnj{`h Vmssq.. qmxs csmtvhs emhv omu vx{{msu lsnjhv/

>8/< Lsnjh$v onjh noe unsdhu nuusacxuhv9Moh ml ugh jmvu {m{x`ns xvhv ml lsnjhv av um {`nfh on|adnuamo cnsv ao

moh lsnjh noe ugho `mne ugh {ndhv taug ugh fmouhou aoum n vh{nsnuh lsnjh/

Nv qmx gn|h n`shneq vhho, hnfg 0lsnjh? h`hjhou fno fnssq ugh onjh

nuusacxuh um da|h hnfg lsnjh n onjh/Ugav onjh av xvhe ao ugh àobv um aoeafnuh

tgafg lsnjh ugh oht {ndh vgmxè `mne aoum/ Fmovaehs ugav |hsq vaj{`h hwnj{`h,

fshnuh lm``mtaod fmouhou ao aoehw/guj la`h9

0lsnjhvhu fm`v:#3;;, )#?

0lsnjh vsf:#-guj`-jhox/guj# onjh:#jhox]{ndh# -?

0lsnjh vsf:#-guj`-jnao/guj# onjh:#jnao]{ndh# -?

0-lsnjhvhu?

Ughsh nsh utm fm`xjov ao ugav hwnj{`h/ Ugh lasvu av 3;; {awh`v taeh noe

ta`` fmounao ugh on|adnuamo cns/ Ugh vhfmoe fm`xjo ms lsnjh ta`` fmounao ugh

jnao {nsu ml ugh {ndh/ Ugh àobv mo ugh `hlu vaeh on|adnuamo cns ta`` `mne {ndhv

aoum ugh sadgu vaeh jnao {ndh/

Bhh{ vmjh fmouhou ao jnao/guj la`h noe ugh àobv ao ugh jhox/guj la`h

`mmb àbh ugav9

0n gshl:#guu{9--ttt/dmmd`h/fmj# unsdhu:#jnao]{ndh#?Dmmd`h0-n?

0cs -?0cs -?

0n gshl:#guu{9--ttt/jafsmvmlu/fmj#

unsdhu:#jnao]{ndh#?Jafsmvmlu0-n?

0cs -?0cs -?

0n gshl:#guu{9--ohtv/ccf/fm/xb-# unsdhu:#jnao]{ndh#?CCF Ohtv0-n?Ugh unsdhu nuusacxuh fno n`vm unbh ugh nuusacxuh |n`xhv àvuhe ao ugh unc`h ugnu

lm``mtv/

\`nxh Ehvfsa{uamo

]vh`l @mnev ugh {ndh aoum ugh fxsshou lsnjh/

]c`nob@mnev n {ndh aoum n oht csmtvhs taoemt/m{hoaod n oht

taoemt/

]{nsho @mnev ugh {ndh aoum ugh {nshou taoemt, tgafg ao ugh fnvh ml n



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GUJ@

u vaod`h lsnjhvhu av ugh jnao csmtvhs taoemt/

]um{@mnev ugh {ndh aoum ugh csmtvhs taoemt, sh{`nfaod noq

fxsshou lsnjhv//

>8/4 Aoàoh Lsnjhv * Ugh 0alsnjh? H`hjhou9

Qmx fno ehlaoh no aoàoh lsnjh taug ugh 0alsnjh? und/ Ugh 0alsnjh? und

av omu xvhe taugao n 0lsnjhvhu? und/ Aovuhne, au n{{hnsv noqtghsh ao qmxs

emfxjhou/ Ugh 0alsnjh? und ehlaohv n shfunodx`ns shdamo taugao ugh emfxjhou

ao tgafg ugh csmtvhs eav{`nqv n vh{nsnuh emfxjhou, aof`xeaod vfsm``cnsv noe

cmsehsv/

Xvh ughvsf nuusacxuh taug 0alsnjh? um v{hfalq ugh XS@ ml ugh emfxjhou

ugnu mffx{ahv ugh aoàoh lsnjh/

N`` ml ugh mughs, m{uamon` nuusacxuhv lms ugh 0alsnjh? und, aof`xeaod

onjh, f`nvv, lsnjhcmsehs, ae, `modehvf, jnsdaoghadgu, jnsdaotaeug, onjh,

vfsm`àod, vuq`h, noe uau`h chgn|h hwnfu`q àbh ugh fmsshv{moeaod nuusacxuhv lms ugh

0lsnjh? und/

Lm``mtaod av ugh hwnj{`h um vgmt gmt um xvh ugh 0alsnjh?/ Ugav und av

xvhe n`mod taug 0cmeq? und9

0cmeq?

///mughs emfxjhou fmouhou///

0alsnjh vsf:#-guj -jhox/guj# taeug:#48# ghadgu:#3;;#

nàdo:#sadgu#?

Qmxs csmtvhs emhv omu vx{{msu aoàoh lsnjhv/ Um |aht ugav

0n gshl:#-guj`-jhox/guj#?emfxjhou0-n? fmsshfu`q, qmx$`` ohhe

n fm{q ml Aouhsohu Hw{`mshs ms ugh `nuhvu Ohuvfn{h On|adnums/

0-alsnjh?///vxcvh~xhou emfxjhou fmouhou///

0-cmeq?

Ugh nàdo nuusacxuh `huv qmx fmousm` tghsh ugh lsnjh dhuv {`nfhe ao àoh

taug ugh neinfhou uhwu ms jm|he um ugh hedh ml ugh emfxjhou, n``mtaod uhwu um

l`mt nsmxoe ugh lsnjh/

Lms aoàoh nàdojhou, xvh um{, jaee`h, ms cmuumj nv ugh |n`xh ml ugav

nuusacxuh/ Ugh lsnjh av nàdohe taug ugh um{, jaee`h, ms cmuumj ml ugh neinfhou

uhwu, shv{hfua|h`q/ Um n``mt uhwu um l`mt nsmxoe ugh aoàoh lsnjh, xvh ugh `hlu ms



68/107

GUJ@

sadgu|n`xhv lms ugav nuusacxuh/ Ugh lsnjh av jm|he um ugh `hlu ms sadgu hedh ml ugh

uhwu l`mt, shv{hfua|h`q, noe ugh shjnaoaod fmouhou ml ugh emfxjhou av l`mthe

nsmxoe ugh lsnjh/ N |n`xh mlfhouhs{`nfhv ugh aoàoh lsnjh ao ugh jaee`h ml ugh

eav{`nq, taug uhwu l`mtaod ncm|h noe ch`mt/

>/ GUJ@ @avuv Lmsjnuuaod

Qmx fno àvu mxu qmxs auhjv, vxcihfuv ms jhox ao ugh lmsj ml n àvu/

GUJ@ da|hv qmx ugshh eallhshou uq{hv ml àvuv/

) 0x`? * No xomsehshe àvu/ Ugav ta`` àvu auhjv xvaod cx``huv

>/ ) 0m`? * N msehshe àvu/ Ugav ta`` xvh eallhshou vfghjhv ml oxjchsv um àvu qmxs

auhjv

3/ ) 0e`? * N ehlaoauamo àvu/ Ugav av nssnodh qmxs auhjv ao ugh vnjh tnq nv ughq

nsh nssnodhe ao n eafuamonsq/

> GUJ@ Xomsehshe @avuv9

No xomsehshe àvu av n fm``hfuamo ml sh`nuhe auhjv ugnu gn|h om v{hfan`

msehs ms vh~xhofh/ Ugh jmvu fmjjmo xomsehshe àvu qmx ta`` laoe mo ugh Thc

av n fm``hfuamo ml gq{hsàobv um mughs emfxjhouv/

Ugav àvu av fshnuhe cq xvaod 0x`? und/ Hnfg auhj ao ugh àvu av jnsbhe

taug n cxu` hu/ Ugh cx``hu auvh`l fmjhv ao ugshh l`n|msv9 v~

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