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HTML И XHTML Подробное руководство Создание эффективных веб-страниц Чак Муссиано и Билл Кеннеди 6-е издание

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  • , HTML XHTML, . - , , - . , -. , -

    , -, - -.

    HTML XHTML, - . HTML - HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0 CSS2, XHTML 2 CSS3, - , XHTML (XFroms, XFrames -). XML. :

    HTML- , , , Java- - JavaScript

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    . , HTML XHTML - . , , , , , , . , - - .

    , HTML- - , .

    (Edward Mendelson), PC Magazine

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    HTML XHTML.

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    : -(812) 324-5353, (495) 945-8100

    www.symbol.ru

    html_xhtml_tdg_6ed_rus.indd 1html_xhtml_tdg_6ed_rus.indd 1 28.02.2008 19:08:3428.02.2008 19:08:34

  • Books.Ru ISBN 5932861045, HTML XHTML. , 6 Books.Ru . , . , ([email protected]), .

  • HTML & XHTML

    Chuck Musciano and Bill Kennedy

    The Definitive Guide

    Sixth Edition

  • HTML XHTML

    2008

  • HTML XHTML. ,6

    . . . . . . . . , . .

    ., .HTML XHTML. , 6 . . . :, 2008. 752 ., .ISBN10: 5932861045ISBN13: 9785932861042

    HTML XHTML HTML XHTML, . , , , . , , , .

    HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0 CSS2, XHTML 2 CSS3. XHTML (XFroms, XFrames ), XML. : ; HTML, ; , , ; HTML , JavaScript Java.

    ISBN10: 5932861045ISBN13: 9785932861042ISBN 0596527322 ()

    , 2008Authorized translation of the English edition 2006 OReilly Media, Inc. This translation is published and sold by permission of OReilly Media, Inc., the owner of allrights to publish and sell the same. , . , , .

    . 199034, , 16 , 7,. (812) 3245353, www.symbol.ru. N 000054 25.12.98.

    00593, 2; 953000 .

    21.02.2008. 70100 1/16 . . 47 . . 2000 . N

    199034, , 9 , 12.

  • ,

    , .

    , ,

    .

  • 1. HTM

    1.11.21.31.41.51.6

    2.

    2.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.92.12.12.12.1

    3.

    3.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.93.1

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

    L, XHTML World Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

    . HTML XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

    . HTML XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

    . HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

    . HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

    . HTML XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

    . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602. JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613. ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

    HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

    . HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

    . XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

    . HTML/XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

  • 8

    4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

    4.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014.44.54.64.74.84.94.1

    5.

    5.15.25.35.45.55.6

    6.

    6.16.26.36.46.56.66.76.8

    7.

    7.17.27.37.47.57.67.77.8

    8.

    8.18.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1340. HTML

    () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

    , . . . . . . . . 143

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

    . : URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

    . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

  • 9

    8.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2958.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3018.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3638.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

    9.

    9.19.29.39.4

    9.59.69.79.89.99.1

    9.19.1

    10.

    10.10.10.10.

    11.

    11.11.11.11.11.11.11.11.

    12.

    12.12.12.12.

    13.

    13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4020.

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4061. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4102. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

    1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4212. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4233. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4424. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

    1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4552. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4563. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4584. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4645. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4676. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4697. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4718. XFrames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

    1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4802. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4843. JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5014. JavaScript () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

    1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517

  • 10

    13.2. Clientpull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51813.3. SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

    14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

    14.14.14.14.

    15. XM

    15.15.15.15.15.15.15.15.

    16. XH

    16.16.16.16.16.

    17.

    17.17.17.17.

    A.

    B.

    C.

    D. HTM

    E. XH

    F.

    G.

    H.

    1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5292. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5323. XHTML Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5354. . . . . . . . . . 539

    L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

    1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5472. DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5503. XML DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5514. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5565. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5616. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5647. XML DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5658. XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566

    TML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570

    1. XHTML?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5712. XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5733. HTML XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5764. XHTML 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5825. XHTML? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

    , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587

    1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5872. HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5944. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

    HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

    HTML/XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

    . . 649

    L 4.01 DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660

    TML 1.0 DTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705

    Netscape . . . . . . . . . 709

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733

  • HTMLpertex, ,

    ,

    HTMLMarku

    (Hypertext Markup Language,) (Extensible Hyt Markup Language, XHTML) .

    . . HTML XHTML, , , . . , .

    , , . , . . , , . .

    , , . . ,

    . , HTML. ,

    , , . , ,

    , , , .

    . HTML XHTML (Extensiblep Language, XML). HTML XHTML ,

    . , .

  • 12

    , , , , HTML XHTML.

    XHT .

    .

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    . (, ).

    (HTML 4.01 XHTML 1.0), , , .

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    , HTML XHTML,

    , , ,

    .

    ,

    , , . HTML XHTML. , , , ,

    lliam Strunk Jr. Elwyn Brooks White Thements of Style, , Strunk & White. . . .

  • 13

    ; , .

    , , , ASCII1 . , Op ,

    ,

    1 AS

    2 HT(. , Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape Navigator Operaera Software ASA. HTML XHTML 2, , . ,

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    , , .

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    , , .

    CII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) .

    , ASCII ( , , Microsoft Word, ). Windows ( ) . -. . .

    , ML XHTML ( ) . , ) . . - .

  • 14

    HTML/XHTML, 1

    ,

    ( ,

    1 HT

    . . , , , .

    , ( , ) , , .

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    , HTML 4.01 XHTML 1.0, , .

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    HTML, , .

    ML , , XHTML . HTML, , , .

    :

    : dirlang

    : ;

    : plain_text

    : head_content

  • 15

    , . A.

    , HTML XHTML . ,

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    . , , ,

    . , , ,

    , , . [ , 3.3.1]

    . , , . , .

    HTML 4.01, 4.0. HTML HTML 4, 4.0 . .

    XHTML 0. W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) (XHTML 2.0), . XHTML 1.0 HTML 4.01. 16. , XHTML , HTML.

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  • 16

    , , . , .

    HTML HTML (Exten

    crosof H.

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    ).

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  • 17

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