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Objectives

After reading this unit, you will be able tounderstand :

The most effective model of HSE

management

To know the latest regulatory requirements inthe area of health, safety and environment

pertaining to petroleum operations.

To know various regulatory agencies involvedin framing HSE rules and regulations and

other organizations working in HSE area

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Industrilization has brought several problems and oneof the such problem is industrial accidents.

Industrial Hazards are :a) Mechanical b) Electrical c) Chemical

d) Construction, e) Fire and Radiation Hazard.

Fundamental of Safety:

Industrial work is full of hazards. It is necessary toensure safety of plants, machineries and human being.

1. Human error : 80% due to Unsafe Practice

2. Mechanical Failure : 10% due to plantcondition, equipment and tool failure

3. Act of Nature : 2 % i.e flood, cyclone etc.

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Why Safety is important ?

Accident causes pain and suffering.

Accident are very costly.

Accident lower morale and decrease productivity.

Cost of prevention of accident is lower than cost ofhandling

Accident reflect poor management system

Unsafe Condition and Unsafe Acts causes :

1. Loss of production / project

2. Loss of employees earning3. Damage to plant and machinery

4. Premature death of employee

5. Expenses on medical aid

6. Expenses on recruitment and training to the employees

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Safety : Safety is denoted as the condition or state ofbeing safe, freedom from the danger or hazard,exemption from hurt, injury and loss.

Accidents : Are unplanned, unwanted and uncontrolledevent in which an action or reaction of an object,substances, person or radiation results:

- injury, harm to employee- Damage to property

- Loss / Contamination to the Envt.

98 % Accidents caused by unsafe act or unsafe condition.

Risk : Any situation that has probabilityto cause Injury/ harm tohuman, damage to property, loss/ contamination to the environment.

Industrial Safety: Refer protection of worker from the danger ofindustrial accidents.

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Hazards: Any situation that has potential / capabilitiesto cause injury/ harm to the worker, damage toproperty, loss / contamination to the environment.

Injury : It is an inherent property of substance or anoccurrence which has the potential to cause loss/ harmto the person.

Near Miss : An accident has not happened, but it mayhappen. Unsafe conditions lead to major accident.

Fatal Injury : Due to injury causes death or Disabilitythat cause loss earning of an employee.

Fail Shape : Even if machine fails atleast it fail safely

so that least injury occur.

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Safety Stages:

Earlier safety was implemented only by safetyRules, Act, Compliances

Latter it extended to the environmental impactwhich effect community, environment, property,life.

Now manufacturer is responsible for the safety of

the product.- It means quality of product should be maintained.

- Equipment, machineries which are used inindustries should be tested for high level of safety.

- Safety is incorporated in designing part.

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HSE CHALLENGES-INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION:

Petroleum industry, by its nature is a hazardousindustry.

It involve Processing, handling , storage and

transportation of large volumes of hazardouspetroleum products.

The processing chemicals present inherent risks of

fires, explosions,

toxic releases and environmental pollution

if adequate precautions are not taken during thedesign and operation of petroleum installations.

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All this has increased the potential of major risks. Major accidentslike Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984) Chernobyl disaster (1986) Piper alpha, Mexico city ,Seveso , Flexiobro and Fukoshima Diasater

In the last two decades have shaken the confidence of generalpublic about the safety of the people, property and environment.

Some companies have been closed down on account of poorsafety and environmental performance.

After these major disaster government authorities, human activist

groups and corporate houses in many countries including Indiahave taken a number of steps to control such major mishaps/accidents in the installations which have the potential to

cause loss of human life,

property and environmental damage.

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Integrated Safety and Environmental Management(ISEM

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HSE MODEL AND ITS INTEGRATION WITH BUSINESS:

HSE is an integrated management function comprising

discipline of occupational, health and environment and fireprotection.

Safety Issues :

When an industrial hazards leads to an immediate or suddenaccidentslike an injury, fire, explosion or toxic release.

It becomes a safety issues and safety management comes in thepicture.

Occupational Health Problem

When the hazards have chronic health effects like stress, musco-skeltal disorders and other industrial diseases, it becomesoccupational health problems.

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Environmental Problem

On the other hand, when the effect on the unsafe situations islong term and spread over larger areas beyond the boundary

limit it becomes an environmental problem.

No doubt, HSE efforts of many organizations are driven bystatutory requirements and they do whatever minimum isrequired to avoid litigation and fines.

Now days efficient and enlightened corporate implement goodHSE performance .

They are committed to improve their health, safety andenvironment and fire protection performance on a continuousbasis and on the sustainable way, i.e. meeting the needs ofpresent without compromising the ability of future generationsto meet their needs.

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Consider the following direct or indirect costs ofmajor accidents/ incidents:

Injury/ loss of life to self or co-workers

Workman compensation

Cost of injury/ investigation

Loss of property and material

Loss of profits

Punitive sanctions (includes a sanction ofimprisonment or damage) and fines

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Closure/ shutdown of the installation

Public litigation

Environmental pollution

Ecological damage

Loss of business

Shareholders wrath

The above does not include the cost of psychological

and social factors associated with major accidents.

Considering all these it is sensible to integrate HSE as

an important management functions like production,

maintenance, finance marketing and human resources

etc.

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HSE MANAGEMENT FRAME WORK:

As said earlier, many organizations tryto meet only the minimum regulatory

requirements.

But this is not enough in todaysbusiness and social requirement.

Regulations alone can not guaranteethe safety of petroleum installations.

Most of the regulatory agencies laydown rules and regulations, which are

the minimum basic requirements forthe safe design and operation of aninstallation.

Sound and safe engineering practicesare equally important.

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STEPS FOR CONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENT OF HSE

POLICY

PLANS

&

PROCEDURES

IMPLEMENT

ATION

&

OPERATIONS

CHECKING

&

CORRECTIVE

ACTION

MANAGEMENT

REVIEW

LEADERSHIP

&

COMMITMENT

CONTINUOUS

IMPROVEMENT

HSE

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Important features of an effective and efficient HSE Management

System are:

HSE Policy

Every organization must have a written policy on health, safety and

environment signed by the Head of the organization with date.

The copies of this policy should be displayed at prominent placesin

the organization so that everybody is familiar with itscontents/intentions.

Some organizations ensure that every employee receivesa copy of its

HSE policy.

HSE policy spells out the

values, beliefs and commitments of the organization towards health,

safety of its employees, community and at the macro level of the

nation.

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What does HSE POLICYContain?

1. Health and safety of personnel and protection of environment .

2. Production and HSE are complementary to each other.

3. Safety and environment protection is everybody's business in

the organization.

4. All statutory requirements must be complied with at all times.

5. All person must use approved safe working procedures

(SOP)without making any risky short cuts.

6. All personnel - owner or contractors - must be given relevant

training before assigning them work

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7. All plants, facilities and work procedures/ systems must be

audited periodically by in-house teams as well as external

agencies.

8. Plant and ambient environment as well as various effluents must

be monitored continuously to maintain a clean and safe

environment in and around the plants.

9. A very high standard of house keeping must be maintained at all

places of work-plants, offices and facilities.

10. Every employee must be subjected to medical check-up for early

identification and treatment of any occupational health hazard.

11. All employees must keep abreast with the latest codes,

standards and practices on health, safety and environment.

12. All accidents, however small, must be investigated and followed

up. The lessons learnt from these accidents should be

disseminated to all levels of workforce

What does HSE POLICY Contain? (Cont..)

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13. No modifications in plant, facilities will be done without properscrutiny and approval by an authorized person(s)

14. No contractor will be engaged without ascertaining his safety

performance / record

15. Non-compliance of this policy will attract severe disciplinary

action

What does HSE POLICY Contain? (Cont..)

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HSE Management Profile

Regulations alone are not enough to maintain a very high

level of safety in petroleum and allied industries, which

have many inherent hazards.

In order to prevent major accidents and mishaps and to

win confidence of general public, management leadership

and commitment is very essential.

Even for implementing and compliance of regulatory

measures, a committed leadership is necessary.

This can be achieved by establishing an effective and

efficient Health, Safety and Environment (HSE)

Management System.

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Regulatory agencies do not have adequate infrastructure andmanpower to exercise superintendence and control of industrialsafety performance on a continuous basis.

For example, number of safety inspectors, boiler inspectors andenvironmental specialist are far less than that would be requiredto undertake meaningful inspection visits to a large number ofinstallations under their jurisdiction.

Further the back rod and training that many factory workers have,their visits to factories are restricted to checking basic amenities

- like first aid facilities,- guards for the machines,- personal protective equipment,

-potable water and canteen facilities etc.

They probably donthave right training and aptitude for identifyingthe many process hazards which are not so obvious.

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The regulatory requirements are just very minimumrequirements to obtain license and operate an installation, thepetroleum operations which is hazardous industry.

Lot of self regulatory initiatives by the management are requiredto maintain a high level of safety.

So the best framework of HSE management is to comply with theregulatory requirements and have highly efficient self regulatory

system in house.

REGULATORY REGIME:

Since petroleum industry is hazardous industry, a number of

regulations have been framed by various statutory/regulatoryauthorities in the country to safeguard the interest of workers,public and environment.

REGULATORY/ STATUTORY AGENCIES:

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REGULATORY/ STATUTORY AGENCIES:

Following is the list of various regulatory/statutory agencieshaving jurisdiction over the petroleum industry.

Central Pollution Control Board ( CPCB) under the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forest

Respective State Pollution Control Board under the Ministry ofEnvironment and Forest of The State

Chief Controller of Factories Of The Respective State (CIF)Under The Ministry Of Labor

Chief Controller Of Explosives (CCE) , Ministry of Heavy

Industry, Dept of Explosives

Director General of Civil Aviation ( DGCA) under The Ministry ofCivil Aviation, National Air Port Authority Of India

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Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) Under the Association of IndianCompanies

Bhaba Atomic Energy Commission (BARC) Under Ministry of

Atomic Energy

Director General Mines Safety (DGMS) under the Ministry ofMines

Regional Transport Authority (RTA) under the Ministry of SurfaceTransport

Director General Of Dock Safety (DGDS) under The Ministry ofShipping

International Maritime Organization (IMO) under United NationsOil industry safety directorate (OISD) under the ministry ofpetroleum and natural gas

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OSHAs establishment

OSHA stands for the Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration, an agency of the U.S. Department of

Labor.The U.S. Congress, led by U.S. Senator Harrison A.Williams Jr. and U.S. Representative William A. Steiger,passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

(the OSH Act)1 to assure so far as possible every working

man and woman in the nation safe andhealthful working conditions and to preserveour human resources.

The legislation, signed into law by President RichardM. Nixon on Dec. 29, 1970, established OSHA

and its sole responsibility to provide worker safetyand health protection.

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Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(U.S. Department of Labor)

More than three decades ago, the Occupational Safety

and Health Act of 1970 created the Occupational Safetyand Health Administration to help employers andemployees reduce injuries, illnesses, and deaths on thejob in America.

Since then, workplace fatalities have been cut by62 percent and occupational injury and illnessrates have declined 40 percent.

OSHA provides national leadership in occupationalsafety and health.

Every workplace is a community.

Safety and health add value to workplaces by

increasing morale, improving productivity, and

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The agency seeks to find and share the mosteffective ways to get resultsto save lives andprevent injuries and illnesses.

The message is simpleSafety and health addvalue:

To your business.

To your workplace. To your life.

Wh OSHA i

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Why OSHA is necessary

Until 1970, no uniform or comprehensive provisionsexisted to protect against workplace safety and healthhazards.

At that time

Job-related accidents accounted for more than

14,000 worker deaths, Nearly 2.5 million workers were disabled byworkplace accidents and injuries,

Ten times as many workdays were lost from job-

related disabilities as from labor strikes, and The estimated new cases of occupational diseasestotaled 300,000.

OSHAs impact

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OSHA s impact

Since OSHAs creation in 1970, the nation hasmade substantial progress in occupationalsafety and health.

OSHA and its many partners in the public and

private sectors have:

Cut the work-related fatality rate by 62 percent,

Reduced overall injury and illness rates by 42percent,

Virtually eliminated brown lung disease in the

textile industry, and

Reduced trenching and excavation fatalities by 35percent.

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Hazards addressed

OSHA issues standards for a wide variety ofworkplace hazards including:

Toxic substances,

Harmful physical agents,

Electrical hazards,

Fall hazards,

Trenching hazards,

Hazardous waste,

Infectious diseases, Fire and explosion hazards,

Dangerous atmospheres, and

Machine hazards.

VARIOUS REGULATIONS/ REQUIREMENTS:

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VARIOUS REGULATIONS/ REQUIREMENTS:The different agencies of listed above framed various regulationsunder their purview.

Needless to say that over the years, these agencies have played a

significant role in promoting industrial safety and environmentalprotection in the hydrocarbon industry.

Important regulations are briefly discussed below.

PETROLEUM ACT , 1934

The statutory requirements of the petroleum are governed byPetroleum Act, 1934 and Petroleum Rules 1976 under the

jurisdiction of Chief Controller of Explosives.

These rules deal with the Safety Guidelines/ Regulations forimport, transport,

storage, refining blending and

testing of petroleum and its fractions/ hydrocarbons.

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Under the Petroleum Act, the petroleum productsare classified into

Class-A having flash point below 23oC,

Class-B with flash point between 23oC to 65oC

Class-C having flash point between 63oC to 93oC

The petroleum rules, 1976 detail the proceduresand Safety Norms to be observed for

approval of containers, import, delivery

and dispatch, loading, transport, storage, refiningand blending of petroleum and

testing and maintenance of pipelines,

electrical apparatus and degree of safety and

license/ approval procedures, under these rules.

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license is required for

Import, storage and refueling

Transport by ships/vessels in bulk

Decanting from tank trucks in unlicensed premises

Transport by pipelines

Refining and blending

Fabrication of tank trucks

Manufacture of safety fittings

Construction of tanks

Design of containers

THE INDIAN EXPLOSIVES ACT 1884

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THE INDIAN EXPLOSIVES ACT, 1884

The Compressed or Liquefied gas filled in containersunder pressure are notified by the Government of India as

explosives and brought under the purview of ExplosiveAct., 1884 in 1938.

The Explosivesused for various purposes like mines/ rock

blasting, crackers etc.

Various rules are framed under this act are contained in :

a) Indian Explosive Rules 1981

a) The Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels, SMPV Rules1981

a) Gas Cylinder Rules , 1981

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THE STATIC AND MOBILE PRESSURE VESSELES, SMPV (UNFIRED) RULES, 1981

These rules stipulate various safety guidelines for the storage andtransport of Compressed and Liquefied gases filled in pressure vessels(exceeding 1000 liters capacity) at a pressure exceeding 1.5 kg/cm2at 15 degrees celcius.

Under these rules the storage and transport vessel should bedesigned for the specific gas, maximum operating temperature andworking pressure, proper material of construction, capacity shape,sizes etc.

The vessel should be fabricated by an approved fabricator and installed

as per the safety distances stipulated in the rules.

The rules call for periodic re-examination/testing of the pressure vessel

and its fittings.

Indian Explosive Rules, 1981

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Indian Explosive Rules, 1981

These rules regulate the manufacturer, possession, use,

sale , transport and export / import of all types of

explosives used for various puposes like mines / rockblasting, crackers.

The Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981

The provision of these Rules pertain to the filling, storage,

handling and transportatin of gases in gas cylinders

exceeding pressure of 1.5 kg/cm2 at 15 degree celciuos .

The rules regulatea) the manufacture of cylinders, valves and regulator,

b) Stamping and color coding of cylinders

c) Import of gas cylinder

d) Testing of cylinders

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THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948

The provisions of this act contained in different chapters on health,

safety and welfare are administered by the Chief Inspector of the

Factories in the respective state.

Each state has its own factories rules.

The act was revised in 1987 to include hazardous chemical

factories and some other amendments brought in the factoriesrules of many sates in 1995

The factories act make the occupier of a factory fully responsible

for providing and maintaining the plant and the systems of work

that are safe and without any risks to the health and safety of theworkers and general public.

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General responsibilities of occupier are listed below.

1. Declaring safety policy of the organization

2. Providing the material safety data sheet (MSDS)of each hazardouschemicals

3. Every factory should have a well written on-site emergency plan,

clearly defining the role of different persons in case of an emergency.

The plan should be rehearsed every year and updated from time totime.

4. Disclosures of information to workers, public and authorities. This

should include declaration of dangers/ health hazards and measures

to overcome such hazards.

5. A safety committee having equal representation of workers and

management should be in place. The meeting of this committee should

be held at least every quarter.

6. To maintain the limits of exposure of chemicals and toxic

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p

substances below the limit prescribed under the rules.

7. Medical checkup of the workers once before the employment and

once every six months for health status in case of specific health

hazards.

8. Setting up of medical/ occupational health centersuitably equipped

with equipment and qualified medical personnel

9. Inspection , testing, examination and certification of equipment andvessels etc. by competent persons approved by CIF.

10. Permit to work systemshould be in place with approved safety and

rescue equipment.

11. All work associated with entry or work in confined spaces, working

at heights, hot works, cutting and welding excavation and other

dangerous work should have predetermined safe work procedure and

should be undertaken under a written work permitsigned by a qualified

supervisor.

12. Provide adequate fire protection system as per rules.

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q p y p

13. An emergency communicationsystem alarm siren etc. should be in

place and everybody should know what to do in case of an alarm.

14. Safety manual containing the different safety procedures applicableto the installation should be available to the workers.

15. Providing PPE to workers depending on the nature of hazard

involved

16. Display necessary precautionary notices and instructions (Safety

Signs and Colors) at prominent places to educate and warn the

workers and visitors against the hazard involved.

17. Appointing a qualified safety officerin the premises as per rules.

18. Providing welfare amenities like drinking water facilities, washing

facilities, mess room, toilets etc.

19. Sending any accidental report and notice of any poisoning or

occupational diseases

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THE INDIAN BOILERS ACT, 1923

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The Central government and the state governmentindependently, except Jammu and Kashmir where this act doesnot apply, frame the act .

1. Each state has its own boilers regulations.

2. It is an obligatory for an owner to get his boiler registeredunder this act.

Chief inspector of steam boilers in the state is the registeringauthority.

3. The act stipulates requirementfor safety of steam boilers and

steam pipes.

4. For the purpose of the act, a boiler means any closed vesselexceeding 22.75 liters in capacity which is used exclusively forgenerating steam under pressure.

5 A t i d th t i th h hi h t

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5. A steam pipe under the act means any pipe through which a steampasses from a boiler to a prime mover or other user if the pressure atwhich steam passes through such pipe exceeds 3.5 kg/cm2 aboveatmosphere or such pipes exceeds 254 mm in diameter

6. These regulations covers the design, construction andworkmanship of boilers.

7. The regulations specify the stages and procedures for inspection of

new boilers and inspection frequency of boilers in operation.

8. The regulations also lay down procedure for testing and qualifyingwelders who work onboilers.

9. A registered boileris permitted for use of maximum period of oneyear.

10. A working certificate showing validity period, maximum allowable

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pressure etc. is issued after every annul inspection by the boilerinspector.

11. The boiler owner is required to displaythe certificateso the boiler

attendantsand other employees associated with boiler operation andmaintenance get familiar with the certificate.

12. As per the act the owner should provide a qualified person to takecharge of boiler.

13.A second class boiler attendantcan take charge of a single boileror battery of three boilers, the total heating surface of which does notexceeded 150 sq. meters.

14. A first class boiler attendant can take charge of a battery ofboilers, the total surface area of which does not exceed 700 squaremeters.

15. A proficiency engineer should be appointed for boilers larger thanthe above sizes.

16. The following acts/ omissions are treated as cognizable offenced th t

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under the act.

i) If it is not registered or not having the valid certificate

ii) Operating the boiler at pressure higher than that allowed in thecertificate

iii) Absenceof duly qualified boiler attendant

iv) Carrying out structural alteration, addition or renewal in or to a boiler

without prior sanction of chief inspector

v) Failureto report any accident to boiler or steam pipe to inspector

within 24 hrs.

vi) Tampering with safety valves.

THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT, 1910

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1. The Central Electricity Board formulated the Indian electricity rules(I.E.

rules) in 1937followed by amendments in 1956.

2. The objective of the I.E rules is to regulate the generation,transmission, distribution and use of electricity in a safe manner.

3. The provisions of these rules are enforced in each state by the Chief

Electrical Inspector of the State.

4. It is mandatory that all the electrical installations should confirm to

requirements of the Indian electricity rules.

5. The I.E rules do not stipulate specific requirements of electrical

equipmentsand lines and due to this,

- The interpretation of the rules by the Electrical Inspectorsis vary from

State to State.

7. The I.E rules do not cover the special requirement for electrical

equipment in hazardous locations encountered in petroleum installations.

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THE OIL MINES REGULATIONS, 1984

These regulations were framed under sections 57 read with sections

59 of the Mines Act, 1952 and enforced in the 1984 in the oil industry.

1. In All the oil and gas exploration ,

drilling production and , transport facilities

including general Safety and Health education

governed by these regulations under the competent authority of the

Director General Mines and Safety (DGMS).

2. Although the Basic Safety requirements are stipulated in Oil minesRegulations, 1984,

the specific requirements for certain systems like

Work Permit, Fire Fighting facilities are not covered.

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THE INDIAN AIRCRAFT RULES, 1937

1. In exercise of the powers conferred by the sections 5,7, and 8 and

9A of the Indian Air Craft Act, the aircraft rules were framed in 1937,

which were amended several times the latest edition was updated in1985.

2. It is mandatory that clearance to be obtained from the National Air

Port Authority of India, under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, while

planning to any tall structure or building.

3. Air warning lights are stipulated in the rules to be complied with by

owners of such buildings.

4. The owner has to forward the layout drawings showing the

elevation details, dimensions and other details of the structures/buildings in the prescribed format and submit to the nearest

Aerodrome Officer.

5. Only after receipt of the approval, the constructioncan be taken

up.

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION (IMO 1986)

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INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION (IMO-1986)

It was originally known as IMCO, Inter- Governmental Maritime

Consultive Organization established in 1948 as a specialized agency of

United Nations, which was later changed to IMO.

It primarily works for

a) developmentof Maritime Regulations and

b)Standards for the Promotion of Maritime Safety

c) Prevention of pollution from ships.

These regulations and standards were adopted in conferences and

published by IMO.

Some important milestones achieved are.

Convention on the safety of life at sea in 1974(SOLAS74)

DOCK WORKERES (SAFETY HEALTH AND WELFARE) ACT 1986

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DOCK WORKERES (SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE) ACT, 1986

The dock workers (safety, health and welfare) regulations were

framed in 1990 under the above mentioned act.

Factory inspector does not have anyjurisdictionon the Ports and

Docs.

Director general of Dock safety enforces, Safety requirements at

port/docks where crude and petroleum products moving throughships are handled.

ATOMIC ENERGY ACT, 1962

The atomic energy rules were framed in 1971(revised in 1996) under

the Atomic Energy Act, 1962.

Under these rules, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, AERBunder

Bhabha Atomic Energy Commission, regulates the use of any

radioactive source in the country.

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Radioactive sources are used in many petroleum installation

in radiography equipment, x-ray machines,

nucleonic level gauges and smoke detectors.

The useof any radiation (radioactive) source including its storage,

handling transportation and disposal must complywith the statuary

requirements of AERB.

Any installation using radiation sources must have an authorized

radiological safety officer ( RSO) trained, validated and certified by

radiation protection service division of Bhabha Atomic Energy

Commission.

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MOTOR VEHICLES ACT, 1988

The transportation of hazardous products by roadis

governed by Central Motor Vehicles Act, 1988,salient features of the rules include:

1. Educational qualifications of the drivers of the

goods carriages carrying dangerous or hazardousgoods.

2. Every driversof such vehicles must have passedmandatory three days training course from a

recognized school in addition to having his heavyvehicle driving license.

3. Every vehicle carrying hazardous goods must display

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3. Every vehicle carrying hazardous goods must displaymark of the class label appropriate to the type ofdangerous goods.

4. The vehicle should be marked emergency informationpanel at three places on the vehicle.

5. His panel contains products technical name, UNidentification number, HAZCHEM code. Emergency phonenumber etc.

6. The vehicle must have TERM cardTransport EmergencyCardavailable in the drivers cabin.

7. Every vehicle carrying hazardous goods must be

equipped with the prescribed safety equipment for thepreventing fire, explosion or escape of hazardous goods.

8. The vehicleshould be fitted with a Spark arrester anda Tech Graph(an instrument to record the lapse of running of

the vehicle, time, speed maintained, acceleration/ declarationetc.

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OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE:

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1. Oil industry safety directorate , OISD is an advisory bodyunder the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural gas.

2. Set up in the 1986 after Bhopal disaster, the directorate(OISD) advises the oil and gas industry in India on allmatters of health , safety and environment.

3. All public sector ( PSU) oil companies are members of

OISD.

4. Private oil companies can also become members in casethey desire.

4. Unlike other regulatory agencies, OISD helps the memberoil and gas companies to enhance the level of safety throughself regulation.

5. OISD has published a number of standard/recommendations practice in siting of petroleum operation ,

philosophies, inspection, maintenance, fire protection etc.

6 It is obligatory for the member companies to use these

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6. It is obligatory for the member companies to use thesestandard and recommended practices for new installationsand installation in operations.

7. Many other statuary agencies like CCE and OISDstandards/recommended practices in their procedure andrequirements.

8. OISD has also published guidelines for internal and

external safety audits.Based on these guidelines, formal safety audits of oil/gasinstallations of various PSUs under Ministry of Petroleum &Natural Gas are conducted periodically by an external teamunder the leadership of OISD.

9. Petroleum organizations can use these guidelines for theirown internal audits.

10. OISD has also made a model disaster management planthat can be used by an installation as guidelines for

developing its own disaster/ emergency management plan.

TARRIF ADVISORY COMITEE:

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TARRIF ADVISORY COMITEE:1. Tariff advisory committee, TAC, is an advisory bodyformedto regulate rates, terms and conditionsof businessof general insurance companies in India.

2. TAC approves and monitors various fire fighting facilitiesand electrical installations in the industry.

3. Fire fighting manual first brought out in 1903 by Calcuttafire association was revised, updated and issued by TAC in1982 in two parts- Part I and part II.

4. These manuals lay down guidelines for design andoperation of private fire fighting facilities to be maintainedby the industry.

5. These guidelines have been used extensively inpetroleum installations.6. Based on the degree of compliance to therecommendations of these manuals.7. TAC makes periodical inspections of those installations

where rebates have been given.

PERMISSIONS AND APPROVALS FOR NEW PROJECTS:

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PERMISSIONS AND APPROVALS FOR NEW PROJECTS:Before setting up any oil or gas installations, the followingstatuary approvals/permission have to be taken by theorganization.

Some of these approvals/ permission are also applicable forundertaking a major expansions or revamp of existinginstallations.

UNDER FACTORIES ACT-FROM CIF

1. Permission to construct, extend or take into use anybuilding as a factory.

2. Approval of site and building plans

2. Approval of site ( only for hazardous process units) bystate site approval committee

3. Certificate of stability of factory building4. Application for registration and notice of occupation

5. Application for license/ renewals f license of a factory.

UNDER ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT- FROM MOEF ANDSTATE PCBS

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STATE PCB S

Notification of site in respect of hazardous chemicals

Environmental impact assessment

Environmental clearance from ministry of environmentand forests

NOC from state pollution control board

Consent for discharge of trade effluents

Consent for operations of plants ( in air pollution controlareas)

Authorization for handling hazardous waste in quantityexceeding regulatory values.

UNDER EXPLOSIVES AND PETROLEUM ACTS- FROM CCE

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License for manufacture, possession, use, sale, transportand importation of explosives

License to import/store petroleum

License to carry petroleum by land license for filling andpossession of gas cylinders with compressed gases

License for transporting cylinders filled with compressedgas

OTHER APPROVALS/PERMISSIONS/CLEARANCESBeside the above, permissions, approvals/clearancesconsent from other agencies listed below have to be taken

Certificate of authorization for use of boilers from thestateschief electoral inspector

Public liability insurance by owners handling hazardous

substances

Authorization from BARC (under the ministry of atomic

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Authorization from BARC (under the ministry of atomicenergy) for use of equipment/ instruments using radiationsources.

REGULATORY COMPLIANCE:

No doubt, as various regulations discussed above go in along way to increase the industrial safety standards, whichis very important for hazardous industry like petroleum

operations.

But the regulations will be useful and bring results onlywhen they are implemented in the right spirit.

It is the responsibility of the owner/ occupier of aninstallation and their authorized officials to ensure that therequirements of various regulations are fully compliedwith.

Besides taking the necessary approvals, permission,

consents and clearances from the concerned authorities

In the recent past, the law has put lot of accountability

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p , p yand liability on the part of senior management of anorganization in the compliance of various regulations, andclosure of installations.

The owner/occupier and other officials may even be putbehind the bars in serious violations.

Even the public awareness about the safety hazards andenvironmental pollution from industrial activities hasincreased significantly over time.

It is very easy these days for any person to file a PIL (public interest litigation) suing an organization forviolation of any regulatory requirement.

The affected organization may get involved in lengthylitigation casting lot of money harassment and loss ofimage and reputation.

The management of every installation therefore should

ensue that the required regulations are fully complied

LIMITATIONS OF REGULATORY AGENCIES:

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Over the years the regulatory agencies have played asignificant contribution in the promotion of industrial safety

in the petroleum industry in India.

Some limitations are:

1. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS:

Most of the regulatory agencies lay down rules/regulationswhich are the minimum basic requirements that are veryimportant in the safe design and operations of industrialunits.

They do not go into details of so many other requirementspertaining to safe management of an installation.

For example, sound and safe engineering practices areequally important but are not addressed in these

requirements

.

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2. CHANGE IS SLOW:

Technological developments and social awareness bring innew problems and challenges to the industry.

Adequate protection of society against new technologicalhazards would depend upon the speed with which theseregulatory agencies can identify the new problems andchange the rules.

Since the provisions of these agencies cover a widespectrum of industry and any amendments has to gothrough a lengthy legislative procedure, the statuary and

law enforcing agencies are generally slow in updating theirrules and requirements to keep pace with technologicaland social changes.

Some of the requirements set forth in the regulations long

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Some of the requirements set forth in the regulations longago may not be relevant in the present context. Forexample, Factory Act, since its inception in 1948,underwent amendments only in 1954,1976 and 1987.

Petroleum rules were last revised in 1976. Environmentprotection act came into being only in 1986.

The Indian electricity rules and Indian Boiler Regulations

have not seen any revision for more than 15 years.

INADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE:

Many regulatory agencies do not have and adequate

facilities and manpower to monitor and control the safetyperformance of the industry on a continuous basis.

For example, the number of boiler inspectors in moststates is far less than required to undertake andmeaningful inspection visits to a large number ofindustrial units under their jurisdiction.

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Thank You