hsdpaanalysis-130430180552-phpapp01

HSPA MAC-centric Technologies

AUGUST 2007

CONTENTS

3GPP UMTS Evolution System Overview (HSPA and HSPA+) HSDPA HSUPA (E-DCH) HSPA Common Issue Annex

3GPP UMTS Evolution

3GPP Rel.99/43GPP Rel.99/4 3GPP Rel.5/63GPP Rel.5/6 3GPP Rel.73GPP Rel.7 3GPP Rel.83GPP Rel.8

WCDMA384 kbps DL

128 kbps UL

RTT ~ 150 ms

HSDPA/HSUPA14 Mbps peak DL

5.7Mbps peak UL

RTT < 100ms

HSPA+28 Mbps peak DL

11 Mbps peak UL

RTT < 50ms

LTE100 Mbps peak DL

50 Mbps peak UL

RTT ~ 10ms

2003/4 2005/6 HSDPA

2007/8 HSUPA

2008/9 2009/10

System Overview

HSPA Today 168 HSDPA network deployments in 78 countries 115 commercial HSDPA launches (over 70% WCDMA networks) More than 260 HSDPA devices launched Fast upgrade to higher terminal categories Introduction of receive diversity and advanced receivers HSUPA launches expected in 2007 Clear evolution path for HSPA

HSPA+ Objectives Enhance performance of HSPA based radio networks in terms of spectrum efficiency,

peak data rate and latency

Exploit full potential of WCDMA 5MHz operation Provide a smooth path towards LTE and interworking between HSPA+ and LTE Facilitate migration from existing HSPA infrastructure to HSPA+ Allow operation as a packet-only network for both voice and data

System Overview

HSPA+ Features Higher order modulation schemes964 QAM for HSDPA916 QAM for HSUPA

Multiple antenna systems for HSPA9Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

Continuous connectivity for packet data users9 Increase number of packet data users by reducing uplink overhead9Fast restart of transmission after a period of temporary inactivity

Improved L1 support for high data rate

Enhanced CELL_FACH state

System Overview

HSDPA New transport and physical channels9 HS-DSCH : shared channel

Fast link adaptation Fast scheduling9 Packet scheduling benefiting from the decorrelated UE fast fadings

Fast retransmission mechanism (HARQ)

HSUPA New transport and physical channels9 E-DCH : enhanced dedicated channel

Fast scheduling9 Packet scheduling benefiting from UE activity vs. Max UL cell load

Fast retransmission mechanism (HARQ)

Supported but less reactiveSupported but less reactiveSupportedYesTurboBPSK and QPSK2 ms, 10 msSupportedHSUPA

SupportedSupportedSupportedNoTurboQPSK and 16QAM2 ms onlyNot supportedHSDPA

Fast link adaptationFast schedulingHARQPower controlChannel codingModulationTTIMacro Div

System Overview

2795211516 (MIMO)

2337011515 (MIMO)

4219611514 (64 QAM)

3480011513 (64 QAM)

36301512 (QPSK only)

36302511 (QPSK only)

2795211510

202511159

144111108

144111107

7298156

7298155

7298254

7298253

7298352

7298351

Max TB sizeMinimum inter-TTI intervalHS-DSCH codesHS-DSCH Cat.

229962000010ms / 2msSF247 (16 QAM)

114842000010ms / 2msSF246

2000010msSF225

57722000010ms / 2msSF224

1448410msSF423

27981448410ms / 2msSF422

711010msSF411

TB size (2ms)TB size (10ms)TTIMin SFE-DCH codesE-DCH Cat.

System Overview

Node B

DL 384 kbps

DL 64 kbps

Node B DL 384 kbps No coverage for PS 384 kbps

No service continuity

Service continuity for PS 64 kbps

Downgrade Upgrade

System Overview

PowerPowerControlControl

Data Power

Unused Power Data

Unused

Same Throughput

RateRateAdaptationAdaptation 100% Power

100%

R99 : DL transmitted power controlled according to the radio conditions

HSDPA : Using all available power

Controlling DL user throughput according to the radio conditions

- user in good radio conditions : receives a higher bit rate

- user in bad radio conditions : receives a lower bit rate

HSDPA : MAC-hs Location

MAC-hs The efficiency of rate adaptation Near the PHY9Allows a high reactivity in the resource allocation according to RF condition changes

HS-DSCHAssociated

UplinkSignaling

AssociatedDownlinkSignaling

DCCH DTCHDTCHMAC Control MAC ControlCCCH CTCHBCCHPCCHMAC Control

RRC (RNC)RRC (RNC)

RLC (RNC)RLC (RNC)

HS-PDSCH

FACH

S-CCPCH

FACH

S-CCPCH

RACH

PRACH

RACH

PRACH

DSCH

PDSCH

DSCH

PDSCH

DCH

DPCH

CPCH

PCPCH

CPCH

PCPCH

PCH

S-CCPCH

PCHPCH

S-CCPCHHS-DPCCHHS-SCCH

MAC-c/sh(C-RNC)

MAC-c/sh(C-RNC)

DCH

DPDCH/DPCCH

R99 L1: Channel Coding / Multiplexing (NodeB)R99 L1: Channel Coding / Multiplexing (NodeB)R5 L1: HSDPA (NodeB)R5 L1: HSDPA (NodeB)

MAC-d(S-RNC)

MAC-hs(NodeB)

MAC-hs(NodeB)

HSDPA : MAC-hs Location

MAC-hs location at Node B Two sub-layers9one for scheduling9one for HARQ operation

Permits 9 fast, adaptive scheduling to leverage Adaptive modulation and Coding(AMC)9HARQ techniques

enabling higher peak data rates and capacity

HARQ round trip optimized 9keep soft memory requirements at UE to a minimum

Reduces delay for successful delivery of packet compared to RNC based architecture9RLC (in RNC) remains the only repetition layer which guarantees no loss of data

HSDPA : MAC-hs details UTRAN side

MAC-hs

MAC Control

HS-DSCH

TFRC selection

Priority Queuedistribution

Associated DownlinkSignalling

Associated UplinkSignalling

MAC-d flows

HARQ entity

Priority Queuedistribution

PriorityQueue

PriorityQueue

PriorityQueue

PriorityQueue

Scheduling/Priority handling

Logical channels

HS-DSCH

MAC-d MAC-d MUX

Logical channels

MAC-d MUX

Logical channels

MAC-d MUX

Iur MAC-d flow

MAC-c/sh (opt)

Iub MAC-d flow

MAC-hs MUX

MAC-hs

HSDPA : MAC-hs details UE side

MAC-hs

MAC Control

Associated Uplink Signalling

To MAC-d

Associated Downlink Signalling

HS-DSCH

HARQ

Reordering Reordering

Re-ordering queue distribution

Disassembly Disassembly

C/T

MUX

Re-ordering Buffer

HARQ-Processes Soft Memory

Re-ordering Buffer

Re-ordering Buffer

C/T

MUX

DCCH DTCHDTCH DTCH DTCH

MAC-d Flows

HSDPA : Flow Control

Objective Keep enough data to avoid data shortage when the scheduler selects a UE Take into account the memory size to avoid overflow Limit the number of messages sent to RNC on Iub

L2

L1

HS-DSCH

FP

RLC

L2

L1

HS-DSCH

FP

Iub/ Iur

PHY

MAC

PHY

RLC

Uu

MAC-hs

MAC-d


HS-DSCH FP frame data structure One MAC-d flow9 MAC-d PDUs of same length and same priority level

CmCH-PI9 0~15

Flush9 DRNC should remove or not

Number of MAC-d PDUs is variable9 Indicated inband (NumOfPDUs)9 NumOfPDUs per FP and FP emission interval : controlled by RNC

User Buffer Size9 Bytes

TNL Congestion Control9 Frame Sequence Number (FP Frame)9 Delay Reference Time (RFN)

Header CRC FT

CmCH-PI Frame Seq Nr

MAC-d PDU Length MAC-d PDU Length (cont) Spare 1-0

Num Of PDUs

User Buffer Size

User Buffer Size (cont)

Spare, bits 7-4 MAC-d PDU 1

MAC-d PDU 1 (cont) Pad

Header

Spare, bits 7-4 MAC-d PDU n

MAC-d PDU n (cont) PadPayload

New IE Flags7(E) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Spare Extension

Payload CRC (cont)

DRT

DRT (cont)

7 0

Payload CRC

Flush


HS-DSCH Capacity Request RNC indicates the amount of data in bytes

pending in its buffer to Node B per QID

Used to warn Node B9There is nothing to transmit on this QID9There is new data after an IDLE period

HS-DSCH Capacity Allocation Node B indicates the amount of data to be

sent per QID to RNC9Credits

0 : stop

2047 : unlimited

9 Interval credits granted 0~2550 (unit of 10ms)

9Repetition period : subsequent interval granted 0 : unlimited

255

9DL transport network congestion 0~3

1

User Buffer Size

User Buffer Size ( cont)

CmCH -PI Spare bits 7-4

Spare Extension

Payload

1

0-32

1

Number of Octets

7 0

HS-DSCH Interval

HS-DSCH Credits (cont)

Maximum MAC-d PDU Length

Maximum MAC-d PDU Length (cont)

HS-DSCH Credits

HS-DSCH Repetition Period

CmCH -PI Spare

bits 7-6

0 7

Spare Extension

HS-DSCH Credits

Congestion Status

HSDPA : Transport Channels

NodeB

HSDPA UE

HS-PDSCH for data (I/B) trafficHS-PDSCH for data (I/B) traffic

HSDPA channelsHSDPA channels

HS-SCCH signaling part (UE id, ) associated to HS-PDSCHHS-SCCH signaling part (UE id, ) associated to HS-PDSCH

HS-DPCCH Feedback informationHS-DPCCH Feedback information

Associated DPCH for data, speech + SRB trafficAssociated DPCH for data, speech + SRB traffic

Maximum bit rate achievable in UL can be bottleneck for the maximum bit rate achievable in DL

excessive delay of RLC/TCP ACKs due to low BW in ULlimit DL throughput

Interactive or background / UL:384 DL: [max bit rate for UE categories 12 and 6] / PS RAB + UL:3.4 DL:3.4 kbps SRBsfor DCCH

HSDPA : HS-SCCH

HS-SCCH reception : as many HS-SCCH transmitted during a TTI as the number of scheduled user9 Channelization code set information9 Modulation scheme QPSK/16QAM9 TBS information9 HARQ process information9 Redundancy and constellation version9 New data indicator9 UE identity

HS-SCCH#2

ACK ACK ACK7,5 slots

HS-SCCH#1

HS-PDSCH

N_acknack_transmit = 2

2 ms

HS-DPCCH

2 slots

Time multiplexing : 1 HS-SCCH is enough

Code multiplexing : multiple HS-SCCHs are needed

UE may consider at most 4 HS-SCCHs

HSDPA : HS-DPCCH

HS-DPCCH9HARQ ACK/NACK

Can be repeated in consecutive sub-frames : N_acknack_transmit

9CQI CQI feedback cycle : k

Repetition factor of CQI : N_cqi_transmit

9Power control ACK offset to be used for ACK transmission NACK offset to be used for NACK transmission CQI offset to be used for CQI transmission

CQI

Subframe #0 Subframe #i Subframe #4

1 radio frame = 10ms

Tslot = 2560 chips = 10 bits

ACK/NACK

2.Tslot = 5120 chips = 20 bits

HS-DPCCH demodulationand CQI decoding

CQI adjustment based on BLER (to reach a BLER target)

and HS-DPCCH activity (in order to deactivatedeficient UE by artificially setting its CQI to 0)

CQIreported

CQIprocessed

HS-DPCCH demodulationand CQI decoding

CQI adjustment based on BLER (to reach a BLER target)

and HS-DPCCH activity (in order to deactivatedeficient UE by artificially setting its CQI to 0)

CQIreported

CQIprocessed

improve the detection quality

HSDPA : HS-DPCCH

inter-TTI interval = 3 and N_acknack_transmit = 2

CQI Feedback Cycle = 8ms and N_cqi_transmit = 2

Repetition period is needed in some cases :

For cell edge operation, when the available power would not ensure sufficient quality for feedback information

HSDPA : Rel.6 Enhancement CQI Reporting

Enhanced CQI reporting Activity-based CQI feedback NACK-based CQI feedback

CQI Feedback Cycle k

Regular CQIfeedback

Regular CQIfeedbackData Data

ACK NACK

CQICQI

Node-B

UE

CQI Feedback Cycle k

Regular CQIfeedback

Regular CQIfeedbackData Data

ACK NACK

CQI

Node-B

UE

HSDPA : Rel.6 Enhancement ACK/NACK Power Reduction

ACK/NACK transmit power reduction9 Detection threshold reduction helps Node B to distinguish between DTX and ACK without requiring a large

ACK transmit power

Preamble/Postamble9 ACK :1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 NACK:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 09 PREAMBLE (PRE) : 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 09 POSTAMBLE (POST): 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

N

HS-DPCCH

HS-DSCH

HS-SCCH

ACK or NACK

Data Packet

N N+1 N+2 N+3

N N+1 N+2N-1

PRE

PREAMBLE transmitted in sub-frame N-1 to indicate reception of relevant signalling information in sub-frame N on HS-SCCH

Normal ACK/NACK to indicate correct or incorrect decoding of packet

POSTAMBLE transmitted in sub-frame N+1 (unless a packet is correctly decoded from sub-frame N+1 on the HS-DSCH, or control information is detected in sub-frame N+2 on the HS-SCCH)

N+1 N+2 N+3

POST

HSDPA : Rel.6 Enhancement Fractional DPCH

Tf =10ms 1 radio frame

TPC PilotData1 TFCI Data2

Slot#0 Slot#1 . . Slot#14Slot#i

Tslot = 2560 chips

Tx OFF

TPC PilotTx OFFTx OFF

TPC PilotTx OFF

TPC PilotTx OFF

Tf =10ms 1 radio frame

Tx OFF

TPCTx OFF

Tx OFF TPC

Among HSDPA Data-Only users :

1) DCCH signaling is carried on HS-DSCH

2) UE specific TPC bits are present to maintain UL power control loop for each UE

3) Pilot bits are present to allow F-DPCH to be power controlled

and allow DL synchronization to be maintained by each UE

HSDPA : Rel.6 Enhancement Fractional DPCH

Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 1P-CCPCH

Any CPICH

10 ms 10 ms

Subframe#0

0Subframe

#1Subframe

#2

2Subframe

#3Subframe

#46

Subframe#5

Subframe#6

Subframe#97

HS-PDSCHSubframes

UL 1 DPCCH

Ttx_diff

DPCH1UE 1 DPCH

DPCH2UE 2 DPCHUE 2 DPCH

DPCH3UE 3 DPCH

T0

Shared PC channel

TPC + pilot bits for 1 slot (or less?)

HSDPA : Fast Link Adaptation

Every TTI Adaptive Modulation and Coding UE radio conditions (CQI)9The number of codes9Code rate9Modulation type9QoS (10% BLER)

QPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM 16QAM

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 50

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Ior/Ioc (dB)

T

h

r

o

u

g

h

p

u

t

(

k

b

p

s

)

AMC Illustration



-20 -15 -10 -5 0 50

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Ior/Ioc (dB)

T

h

r

o

u

g

h

p

u

t

(

k

b

p

s

)

AMC Illustration

HSDPA : HARQ Mechanism

DL asynchronous There is no fixed relationship between transport block set and timing over radio 9 flexibility for retransmission (no fixed timing between transmission and retransmission)

UL synchronous ACK/NACK is transmitted at time instants which have a known timing relationship to the related

downlink transmission

Turbo encoder

Systematic

Parity 1

Parity 2

Systematic

Parity 1

Parity 2

Original transmission Retransmission

Chase Combining

Rate matching (puncturing) Retransmission

Incremental Redundancy combining


Hybrid Automatic Repeat Query types Chase Combining9Same redundancy version than first transmission is applied9QPSK only9RV=0

CC + Constellation Re-arrangement9Same puncturing pattern is applied, but constellation rotation is performed916 QAM only9RV [0; 4; 5; 6]

Partial Incremental Redundancy9Systematic bits are prioritized9RV [0; 2; 4; 6] in QPSK9RV [0; 2; 4; 5; 6; 7] in 16QAM

Full Incremental Redundancy9Parity bits are prioritized9RV [1; 3; 5; 7] in QPSK 9RV [1; 3] in 16QAM

Consideration on soft bufferUE capabilityHARQ Type

Consideration on soft bufferUE capabilityHARQ Type

HSDPA : HARQ Mechanism Consideration on UE Capability

3630

3630

27952

20251

14411

14411

7298

7298

7298

7298

7298

7298

Max TB size

CC

CC

IR

CC

IR

CC

IR

CC

IR

CC

IR

CC

HARQ Type at max data rate

1.8

0.9

14.4

10.2

7.2

7.2

3.6

3.6

1.8

1.8

1.2

1.2

Achievable max data rate, Mbps

1512 (QPSK only)

2511 (QPSK only)

11510

1159

1108

1107

156

155

254

253

352

351

Minimum inter-TTI intervalHS-DSCH codesHS-DSCH Cat.

HSDPA : HARQ Mechanism Consideration on RLC Parameters

150 Kbytes89-10

100 Kbytes87-8

50 Kbytes61-6, 11 and 12

Minimum total RLC AM/MAC-hs memoryMaximum # AM RLC entitiesUE cat.

The size of RLC re-ordering buffer : determines the window length of the packets ensure in-sequence deliveryBuffer size should be no limitations to the data rate

assuming UTRAN end delays (including RLC retransmission handling) are reasonable


HARQ Retransmitting data blocks not received or received with errors Combining the transmission and retransmissions 9 Increase the probability to decode correctly the information

663366666666666633332222Number of HARQ Processes

121110987654321UE Category

ACK/NACK/DTX ?

HARQ process assignedby the scheduler

Y

Update of RV parametersData transmission

Wait for ACK/NACK reception

Insertion of DTX indication

Reset HARQ processRemove Mac-d PDUUpdate structures

Nret = Nret +1

Nret > Nret_max ?

Wait for retransmission

NACK

DTX

N

WACK state

NACK/DTX state

ACK


RV parameters IR/Modulation parameters [r,s,b] channel coding/modulation9 r,s : redundancy version 2nd rate matching state

s : indicate whether the systematic bits (s=1) or non-systematic bits (s=0) are prioritized in transmission

r (0~rmax-1) : changes the initialization Rate Matching parameter value modify puncturing or repetition pattern

9 b : constellation re-arrangement step b (0~3) : which operations are produced on the 4 bits of each symbol only in 16 QAM

Xrv value to UE : HS-SCCH

0117

3016

2015

1014

1103

1112

0001

0010

brsXrv (Value)

307

316

205

214

103

112

001

010

rsXrv (Value)

HSDPA : Scheduling Principle

Cell-specific parameters :Allocated HS-SCCH codesAllocated HS-PDSCH codesAllocated HSDPA power

Cell-specific parameters :Allocated HS-SCCH codesAllocated HS-PDSCH codesAllocated HSDPA power

User-specific parameters :SPI : scheduling priority indicatorGuaranteed Bit RateDiscard TimerUE capability/categoryAmount of data buffered in Node B

User-specific parameters :SPI : scheduling priority indicatorGuaranteed Bit RateDiscard TimerUE capability/categoryAmount of data buffered in Node B

Packet Scheduler(metric calculation)Packet Scheduler

(metric calculation)

Scheduling principle

Operator service strategy

Scheduling decision

Basic : how to share the available resources to the pool of users eligible to receive data

Utility function (F. Kelly) : Un (rn)

n : a particular HSDPA user

rn : average throughput for the n-th user

measure of the happiness or satisfaction gained from being scheduled

The best scheduling function : the one that maximizes the sum of utility function for all the users at any given time !!!

HSDPA : Fast Scheduling

MAC-hs scheduler Goal : optimize the radio resources occupancy between users outputs9Select Queue ID9The amount of corresponding MAC-d PDUs to transmit

Inputs9Number of codes available9Remaining power for HS-PDSCH/HS-SCCH9Received ACK/NACK and CQI9Previously scheduled data9UE capability9RNC configuration parameters

Main concepts9Retransmissions are of higher priority than new transmission (first scheduled)9QID is chosen according to the SPI/CmCH-PI and the radio conditions based on CQI9TBs should always be optimized according to the transmitted CQI when possible

If enough codes and power are available

If there is no CPU limitation

9No QID should be left starving (those with low priority and bad CQI)

HSDPA : Fast Scheduling

Scheduling Algorithms Round Robin9UEs are scheduled one after the other one

MAX C/I 9UE with the best CQI is scheduler

Pure Fair Scheduler9Throughput provided per UE must be equal9Users with the lowest throughput are then scheduled first

Classical Proportional Fair9Users are chosen according to the instantaneous CQI/Averaged CQI criteria9UEs in their best instantaneous conditions with regard to their average are scheduled first

HSDPA : MAC Processing

MAC-d multiplexing of logical channels into a single MAC-d flow9MAC layer can multiplex different services together into a single transport channel

Both services have similar QoS characteristics

9Logical channels DTCH

DCCH : cannot mapped to MAC-d flow in Rel.5 (additional functionality in Rel.6)

Multiplexing (MAC-d in RNC)Multiplexing (MAC-d in RNC)

MAC-hs in Node BMAC-hs in Node B

PHY layer HS-DSCHPHY layer HS-DSCH

DTCHs

MAC-d flow

HS-DSCH

HS-PDSCH

HSDPA : MAC PDU Format

MAC PDU : HS-DSCH

VF : 1 bit Queue ID : 3 bits9 Identification of the reordering queue in the receiver

TSN : 6 bits9 Used for reordering process to support in-sequence delivery

SID : 3 bits9 Size of a set of consecutive MAC-d PDUs

N : 7 bits9 Number of consecutive MAC-d PDUs with equal size9 In FDD mode, the max number of PDUs transmitted in a single TTI = 70

F : 1 bit9 Flag indicating if more fields are present (0additional SID/N/F, max number of extensions = 7)

Queue ID TSN SID1 N1 F1 SID2 N2 F2 SIDk Nk Fk

MAC-hs header MAC-hs SDU Padding (opt)MAC-hs SDU

Mac-hs payload

VF

HSDPA : Fast Scheduling - MAC-d Flow and Priority Queue

CMCH_PI = 3CMCH_PI = 3CMCH_PI = 4

MAC_d Flow ID=0 MAC_d Flow ID=1

Queue ID# 0 # 1 # 2

Node B

RNC

MAC_d Flow ID = 0

Queue ID CMCH_PI 0

1

4

3

MAC_d Flow ID = 1

Queue ID CMCH_PI 2 3

UE #i 312

301

400

CmCH_PIMAC-d Flow IDQueue ID

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

UE # 0

UE # i

Priorities

UE # n

1 / 2 0

HSDPA : Fast Scheduling - Basic Concept of Scheduler

Flow Control

UE1 UE2

TTIs

NACK

Use all the codes for new packets New packets

New packetsPower Limitation

HARQ processes

UE1 UE2 UEN

Q0Credit = x PDUs

UE1 UE2 UEN

UE1 UE2 UEN

Q15Credit = z PDUs

Q1Credit = y PDUs

UE1 UE2 UEN

UE1 UE2 UEN

HSDPA : Related Layer 1 and 2 Functionality

HSDPA : Power Management

Traffic Power (SHO reserved)

Overhead Power

(Common Channels)

Traffic Power

P traffic

P traffic admission

Call Blocking Threshold

P traffic admission = P traffic * callAdmissionRatio

P traffic = maxTxPower-Overhead power

Call Blocking Threshold represents the level above which new calls are blocked, only new SHO legs are accepted.

maxTxPower


Flexible Power Management Maximizes HS-DSCH throughput DCH traffic is given priority over HSDPA traffic

Node B Remaining power management : for HSDPA traffic,

MAC-hs scheduler uses Node B PA power not used by DCH

RNC Minimum power can be reserved for HS-DSCH and HS-

SCCH

Admission for DCH traffic based on 9Ptraffic = MaxTxPower PminHsdpa Pcch9Capability to reserve power for SHO still enabled

Power pool self-tuning based on new measurement Transmitted carrier power of all codes not used for HS-PDSCH or HS-SCCH transmission

Pcch(Common channels)

TrafficPower

Trafficpower (SHO

reserved)

P

T

r

a

f

f

i

c

P

T

r

a

f

f

i

c

a

d

m

i

s

s

i

o

n

M

a

x

T

x

P

o

w

e

r

Min power for HS-DSCH and

HS-SCCH

RNCNodeB

Pmax for HSDPA cell operation

Ptotal on non-HSDPA channels


Yes

No

Compute HS-SCCH and HS-DSCH power for this UE

Update the remaining power UnusedHsdpaPower -= PHsScch+PHsDsch

Beginning of the TTI

A new UE is selected

Changing TTI

UnusedHsdpaPower = PHSDPA


CCCRNC

SHO margin

Ptraffic

R

N

C

OCNS (opt.)

PminHsdpa

PMaxCell

PmaxHsdpa

CCCRNC

SHO margin

Ptraffic

R

N

C

OCNS (opt.)

PminHsdpa

PMaxCell

PmaxHsdpa

PRemain

PTotNonHsdpaWithMargin

CCCNodeB

DCH margin

DCHNo

d

e

B

OCNS (opt.)

PMaxCell

PTotNonHsdpa

PRemain

PTotNonHsdpaWithMargin

CCCNodeB

DCH margin

DCHNo

d

e

B

OCNS (opt.)

PMaxCell

PTotNonHsdpa

PHSDPA = min( PRemain , PmaxHsdpa )

Common channel consumption at Node B is lower than at RNC level activity considerationFlexible power management for HSDPA


Power consumed by

all codes

N

o

d

e

B

PMaxCell

PTotCell

Power consumed by non HSDPA

codes

N

o

d

e

B

PMaxCell

PTotCell

HSDPA PTotHsdpa

Transmitted Carrier Power Averaged HSDPA Power

Power consumed by non HSDPA codes includes DL HSUPA channel power

COMMON MEASUREMENT message (100ms measurement) :

Total Non HSDPA Power RNC CAC for HSPA cells


HS-SCCH power

CQI

PHS-SCCH = PP-CPICH + hsScchPcOffset(CQIReported)

CQIReported hsScchPcOffset(CQIReported)CQ

I

PHS-SCCH = PP-CPICH + hsScchPcOffset(CQIReported)

CQIReported hsScchPcOffset(CQIReported)

CCC

DCH margin

PRemain

DCHNo

d

e

B

OCNS (opt.)

HS-DSCH

HS-SCCH

PSEUDO closed loop power control for HS-SCCH :

1)Associated DPCCH power control commands

adjusted relative to the Tx power of the associated DL DPCCH

power offset between HS-SCCH and DPCCH can be set (QoS)

2)CQI reports

adjusted as a function of CQI report

power offset between each CQI index and the required HS-SCCH power


HS-DSCH power HSDPA power not allocated to HS-SCCH(s) PHS-DSCH [dBm] = PP-CPICH[dBm] + G[dB] + D(CQIprocessed)[dB] PHS-PDSCH[dBm] = PHS-DSCH[dBm] - 10log(#codes)

PP-CPICH is the power of the P-CPICH channel

G : the measurement power offset (RRC)

D : the reference power offset given by the tables of CQI

9UE needs to have a power as reference in order to adapt the reported CQI to the radio link condition

In the same radio condition, the reported CQI will be higher if more power is used to transmitted the HS-DSCH channel

9CQI is chosen to insure a transmission with a given BLER (QoS) Measurement power offset can be seen as HS-DSCH power required by the mobile

corresponding to the reported CQI

The reference power offset is the one corresponding to the processed CQI, not the reported CQI

HSDPA : Transmission Limitation

TF Determined according to the processed CQI, not the reported one CQI adjustment Power limitation Code limitation Optimization of CQI according to MAC-d PDU size (336/656 bits) Lack of MAC-d PDU in buffer or TB size limitation

320 1621 Padding

Mac-d PDU

Mac-hs transport block(CQI2)

320 16

320 1621 Padding

Mac-d PDU

Mac-hs transport block(CQI3)

320 16

HSDPA : Iub Transport Bandwidth

15808 kbps12160 kbpsCat 10

10608 kbps8160 kbpsCat 9

8736 kbps6720 kbpsCat 7 8



Throughput. at ATM layer (+30% protocol headers)Throughput at RLC level (kbps)HS-DSCH category

15360134401152096007680576038401920 IuB bandwidth

8 E1(Kbps)

7 E1(Kbps)

6 E1(Kbps)

5 E1(Kbps)

4 E1(Kbps)

3 E1(Kbps)

2 E1(Kbps)

1 E1(Kbps)

# E1

+10% signalling&OaM

Iub Links(E1)

Eng margin

+31% Protocol headers

HSDPA trafficat RLC layer

R99 DL trafficat RLC layer

10% signalling&OaM+Macro Diversity (eg. 30%)

Protocol headers+RLC BLER for PS (eg. 10%)

R99+HSDPA average trafficat ATM layer

Bw = 5% (Aal5-Vcc)

+10% signalling&OaM

Iub Links(E1)

Eng margin







Bw = 5% (Aal5-Vcc)

+10% signalling&OaM

Iub Links(E1)

Eng margin







Bw = 5% (Aal5-Vcc)

HSDPA : HS-DSCH Mobility

Lack of soft handover for HS-DSCH Only 1 serving HS-DSCH cell Associated DCH itself : soft handover Active set up to 6 cells

Cell of DCH active set

ServingCell

Cell of DCH active set

Node-B Node-B Node-B

Associated DCHHS-SCCH

HS-PDSCH

HS-DPCCH

Comparison of relative CPICH levels inside the active set

trigger a change in the serving HS-DSCH cell

Rel.5 : serving cell change inside the active set

Rel.6 : active set update carries out serving cell change

HSDPA : HS-DSCH Mobility

Received by one cellSofter handoverUL HS-DPCCH

NO

when RLC AM mode is usedNO

when RLC AM mode is used

when duplicate packets are sent on RLC UM mode

NO

Packet losses

RLC retransmissions used in SRNC

Not forwarded, RLC retransmissions used in SRNC

Forwarded from source MAC-hsto target MAC-hs

Packet retransmission

Serving RNCHO decision

Typically by UE, but possibly also by Node BHO measurement

HS-DSCH to DCHInter Node B

HS-DSCH to HS-DSCH

Intra Nod B

HS-DSCH to HS-DSCH

HSDPA : HS-DSCH Mobility - Intra Node B Serving Cell Change

Uu IubUE SRNC

Serving HS-DSCH Node B DRNC

1. RNSAP: RL RECONFIGURATIONPREPARE

4. RNSAP: RL RECONFIGURATION READY

7. RRC: PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION

5. RNSAP: RL RECONFIGURATION COMMIT6. NBAP: RL RECONFIGURATION COMMIT

2. NBAP: RL RECONFIGURATIONPREPARE

3. NBAP: RL RECONFIGURATION READY

8. RRC: PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE

Iur

HSDPA : HS-DSCH Mobility - Inter Node B Serving Cell Change

Uu IubUE SRNC

Source HS-DSCH Node B DRNC

1. RNSAP: RL RECONFIGURATIONPREPARE

6. RNSAP: RL RECONFIGURATION READY5. NBAP: RL RECONFIGURATION READY

4. NBAP: RL RECONFIGURATION PREPARE

9. RRC: PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION

7. RNSAP: RL RECONFIGURATION COMMIT8. NBAP: RL RECONFIGURATION COMMIT

2. NBAP: RL RECONFIGURATIONPREPARE

3. NBAP: RL RECONFIGURATION READY

10. RRC: PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE

Iur

ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer setup(HS-DSCH)

ALCAP Iur Data Transport Bearer setup(HS-DSCH)

ALCAP Iub Data TransportBearer release (HS-DSCH)

ALCAP Iur Data Transport Bearer release(HS-DSCH)

Target HS-DSCH Node B

E-DCH (HSUPA)

DCH vs. HSDPA vs. HSUPA

10, 2280, 40, 20, 10TTI [ms]

YESNOYESSoft handover

YESYESNOFast HARQ

YESYESNONode B based scheduling

NOYESNOAdaptive modulation

YESNOYESFast power control

YESNOYESVariable SF

HSUPA (E-DCH)HSDPA (HS-DSCH)DCHFEAUTRE

HSUPA HARQ : fully synchronous

with IR, even transmitted redundancy version can be predetermined

operates in soft handover

DCH vs. HSUPA

SF256-SF4

2xSF4

-

2xSF2

-

2xSF4 + 2xSF2

SF256-SF4

2xSF4

3xSF4

4xSF4

5xSF4

6xSF4

15-960kbps

1.92Mbps

2.88Mbps

3.84Mbps

4.80Mbps

5.76Mbps

E-DPDCHDPDCHChannel bit rates

Physical channel bit rate

Multi-code not supported in practice with DPDCH (practical maximum for DPDCH is 1xSF4)

256

15kbps

2

1920kbps

YES

BPSK

10, 2

2xSF4 + 2xSF2

256

15kbps

4

960kbps

YES

BPSK

80, 40, 20, 10

6xSF4

Maximum SF

Minimum channel data rate

Minimum SF

Maximum channel data rate

Fast power control

Modulation

TTI

Maximum number of parallel codes

E-DPDCHDPDCHFeature

HSUPA : Principle

Node-B

UE

E-HICHAbsolute Grant

E-DCH control and data

Associated DCH

Scheduler is much closer to the radio interface

has more instantaneous information about the UL interference situation

can control UL data rates in a rapid manner

UL load control tightly

Node B

Downgrade

2ms TTI feasible area

10ms TTI feasible area

HSUPA : MAC Protocol Architecture - UTRAN side

PHY PHY

EDCH FP EDCH FP

IubUE NodeBUu

DCCH DTCH

TNL TNL

DTCH DCCH

MAC -e

SRNC

MAC -d

MAC -e

MAC -d

MAC -es /MAC -e

MAC -es

Iur

TNL TNL

DRNC

HSUPA : MAC-es/e details UTRAN side

MAC-es

MAC Control

From MAC-e in NodeB #1

To MAC-d

Disassembly

Reordering Queue Distribution

Reordering Queue Distribution

Disassembly

Reordering/ Combining

Disassembly



From MAC-e in NodeB #k

MAC-d flow #1 MAC-d flow #n

MAC-e

MAC Control

E-DCH Associated Downlink Signalling

Associated Uplink

Signalling

MAC-d Flows

De-multiplexing

HARQ entity

E-DCH

Control (FFS)

E-DCH Scheduling (FFS)

HSUPA : MAC-es/e details UTRAN side

MAC-d in RNCMAC-d in RNC

MAC-e in Node BMAC-e in Node B

PHY layer E-DCHPHY layer E-DCH

DCCH/DTCHs

MAC-d flows

E-DCH

E-DPDCHs

Reordering (MAC-es in RNC)Reordering (MAC-es in RNC)

MAC-d flows

HSUPA : MAC-es/e details UE side

MAC-es/e

MAC Control

Associated Uplink Signalling E-TFC

(E-DPCCH)

To MAC-d

HARQ

Multiplexing and TSN setting E-TFC Selection

Associated Scheduling Downlink Signalling

(E-AGCH / E-RGCH(s))

Associated ACK/NACKsignaling (E-HICH)

HSUPA : MAC PDU Processing UE side

MAC-d Flows

MAC-es PDU MAC-e header

DCCH DTCH DTCH

HARQ processes

Multiplexing

DATA

MAC-d DATA

DATA

DDI N Padding (Opt)

RLC PDU:

MAC-e PDU:

L1

RLC

DDI N

Mapping info signaled over RRC PDU size, logical channel id, MAC-d flow id => DDI

DATA DATA

MAC-d PDU:

DDI

Header

MAC-es/e

Numbering MAC-es PDU: TSN DATA DATA Numbering Numbering

HSUPA : MAC PDU Processing UTRAN side

Mac-es PDU:

Reordering queue distribution

Reordering queue distribution

DCCH DTCH DTCH

MAC-d Flows

HARQ

Demultiplexing

DATA Header

MAC-d

MAC-e

DATA

DATA

DATA DATA

MAC-e PDU:

RLC PDU:

L1

RLC

Reordering

MAC-es

Reordering Reordering

Disassembly Disassembly Disassembly

MAC-d PDU:

Mapping info signaled to Node B DDI => MAC-d PDU size, MAC-d flow ID

TSN

MAC-e header

DDI N Padding (Opt)

DDI N DATA DATA DDI

Transport block:

DDI N Iub FP:

HSUPA : MAC PDU Format

MAC-es PDU : E-DCH

TSN : 6 bits

MAC-d PDU MAC-d PDU MAC-d PDU

MAC-es SDUMAC-es SDUTSN1 N1DDI1 MAC-es SDU

MAC-d PDUs coming from one Logical Channel

N1 MAC-es SDUs of size and LCh indicated by DDI1

MAC-es PDU1


MAC-e PDU

DDI : 6 bits9 Identify the logical channel, MAC-d flow and size of the MAC-d PDUs concatenated into the

associated MAC-es PDU

N : 6 bits9Number of MAC-d PDUs corresponding to the same DDI value

DDI1 N1 DDI2 N2

DDI1 N1 DDI2 N2 DDIn Nn DDI0(Opt)

MAC-es PDU1 MAC-es PDU2 MAC-es PDUn

MAC-es PDU2MAC-es PDU1 DDIn Nn MAC-es PDUn

MAC-e PDU

SI (Opt)

Padding (Opt)


User Data Bits MAC-e header Several MAC-es PDUs (336 bits each)

Scheduling Information UPH (5 bits) : power headroom TEBS (5 bits) : buffer size HLID (4 bits) : ID of highest priority queue HLBS (4 bits) : occupancy of the highest priority queue

SI

0...19982 bits

Mac-e header

18 bits

Mac-es PDU Mac-es PDU padding

TBsize

...

HSUPA : Signaling of Control Information

UL Scheduling Information Happy Bit (in E-DPCCH)

Scheduling Information (in MAC-e PDU)9 Highest priority Logical channel ID (HLID)

9 Total E-DCH Buffer Status (TEBS) The amount of data in number of bytes that is

available for transmission/ retransmission in the RLC layer

9 Highest priority Logical channel Buffer Status (HLBS) The amount of data available from the logical

channel HLID, relative to (TEBS or 50000 bytes)

9 UE Power Headroom (UPH)

37642 < TEBS31

28339 < TEBS 3764230

10 < TEBS 142

0 < TEBS 101

TEBS = 00

TEBS Value (bytes)Index

82 < HLBS15

68 < HLBS 8214

55 < HLBS 6813

45 < HLBS 5512

12 < HLBS 145

4 < HLBS 61

0 < HLBS 40

HLBS values (%)Index

HSUPA : Happy Bit Setting

Criteria for unhappy UE is transmitting as much scheduled data as allowed by Serving_Grant in E-TFC

selection

UE has enough power available to transmit at higher data rate9 Identify E-TFC : TBS > smallest RLC PDU + TBS of E-TFC selected

TEBS requires more than Happy_Bit_Delay_Condition with following patameters9Serving Grant9Ratio of active process to the total number of processes

HSUPA : Scheduling Information Reporting

Triggering is indicated to E-TFC selection function at the first new transmission opportunity May be delayed : HARQ processes are occupied with retransmissions Not be transmitted if TEBS = 0 Take place on every HARQ process

SG=Zero_Grant or all processes are deactivated TEBS > 0 Higher priority data arrives than that of already buffered Periodic : RRCMAC9TEBS > 09T_SING : Timer Scheduling Information Zero_Grant

SGZero_Grant and at least one process is activated E-DCH serving cell change9New E-DCH serving cell is not part of the previous Serving E-DCH RLS

Periodic : RRCMAC9T_SIG : Timer Scheduling Information different from Zero_Grant

HSUPA : Related Transport/PHY Channels

E-DCH transport channel Only for UL Two possible TTI : 10ms and 2ms Possibility of HARQ process with retransmission procedures9Each transmitted block is numbered

Possibility of smart redundancy management Turbo coding with rate 1/3 CRC is 24 bits length E-TFCI9 Indicates which format is currently used for UL transmission

E-DP

CCH

E-DP

DCH

E-HI

CHE-

HICH

E-AG

CH

E-AG

CHE-

RGCH

E-RG

CH

HSUPA : PHY Channel- E-DPCCH

Happy bit (1 bit) 1 : happy 0 : unhappyRSN (2 bits) HARQ 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, ...E-TFCi (7 bits) 0-127 SF/E-DPDCHsE-DPCCH power Relative to DPCCH power

Index [08] is signaled by RNC

2

2

c

ecec

=

HB RSN

10 bits

E-TFCi

= 2

2

10log10c

ecdBec

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

index

e

c

HSUPA : PHY Channel- E-HICH and E-RGCH

+1

DTX

DTX

+1

-1

DTX

ACK

NACK

-

TTI received correctly

TTI received incorrectly

TTI not detected

Other cellsCells in the same RLS with serving HSUPA cell

Transmission on E-HICH

Logical responseE-DCH TTI reception

UE will continue retransmitting until at least one cell responds with an ACK

Save DL TX power : only ACKs actually consume DL capacity

All the cells in the same Node B in softer handover: assumed to receive UL E-DPDCH transmission in cooperation

Not allowed

-1

DTX

+1

-1

DTX

UP

DOWN

HOLD

Increase UE allocation

Decrease UE allocation

Keep the current one

Other cellsCells in the serving E-DCH RLS

Transmission on E-RGCHTransmitted

messageScheduler decision

HSUPA : Signaling of Control Information

DL scheduling information Relative Grants9Serving Relative Grant

Transmitted on downlink on the E-RGCH from all cells in the serving E-DCH RLS

UP/DOWN/HOLD

9Non-serving Relative Grant Transmitted on downlink on the E-RGCH from a non-serving E-DCH RL

DOWN/HOLD

Absolute Grant9 Identity Type : E-RNTI

Primary

Secondary : group usage

9Absolute Grant Value Maximum E-DCH traffic to pilot ratio (E-DPDCH/DPCCH)

9Absolute Grant Scope Per HARQ process(2ms TTI only, reduction in the minimum data rate)

2ms : 320 bits PDU minimum RLC data rate of 160kbps (AVG 20kbps if 1 process) 10ms : 32kbps

All HARQ process (10ms TTI, Identity Type=Secondary)

HSUPA : Scheduling Principle

Scheduled transmission Node B scheduling mode with L1/MAC control signaling Advanced scheduling9Turn off specific HARQ process (RRC or Node B EAGCH signaling)9Use 2 different UE-ids (Primary/Secondary E-RNTI) for flexible resource allocation

Non-scheduled transmission RNC controlled mode Allow RNC to configure a specific MAC-d flow (a specific service) to have a

guaranteed data rate (GBR such as for VoIP : similar to DCH allocation)9Effectively disabling Node B scheduler control of this particular service

If 2ms TTI used9Restricted to specific HARQ process onlyminimum data rate allocation can be reduced

HSUPA : PHY Channel- E-DPDCH (TB size)

Signalled by RNC : 4 possible tables TTI (2 / 10ms) Type (0 / 1)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 1400

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2x 104

E-TFCi

T

B

s

i

z

e

Table 10ms

type 0type 1

HSUPA : PHY Channel- E-DPDCH (MAC PDU)

User Data Bits MAC-e header Several MAC-es PDUs (336 bits each)

Scheduling Information UPH (5 bits) : power headroom TEBS (5 bits) : buffer size HLID (4 bits) : ID of highest priority queue HLBS (4 bits) : occupancy of the highest priority queue

SI

0...19982 bits

Mac-e header

18 bits

Mac-es PDU Mac-es PDU padding

TBsize

...

HSUPA : Rel.6 Compliant Solution

RNCNode-BHSPA-

capable UE

HSUPA: L1, MAC-e Scheduler, HARQ

Uu Iub

MAC-d

EDCH FPMAC-e EDCH FP

PHY TNL TNL

MAC-e

PHY

MAC-es MAC-es

UE Node-B SRNC

3GPP E-DCH, an add-on to 3GPP UTRAN Rel5 version

MAC-d

HS-SCCHHS-PDSCH(s)(No SHO)

HSDPA

HS-DPCCH

DPCCH+ DPDCH

(SHO)

DPCCH& DPDCH

DCH

E-HICH(SHO)

E-DPDCHE-DPCCH

HSUPATraffic

E-AGCHE-RGCHs

HSUPAScheduling

256 128128 256128 25664To2

nX16

256~4

512~4

eDCH FP


HS-SCCHHS-PDSCH(s)

HSDPA

HS-DPCCH

shared

shared

per User

DPCCH+ DPDCH

DPCCH& DPDCH

DCH

per User

E-AGCHE-RGCHs

HSUPAScheduling

shared

shared

E-HICH

E-DPDCHE-DPCCH

HSUPATraffic

per User

per Usershared


Rel.6 UEHSPA-capable

DPCCH

HS-DPCCH

HS-PDSCH(s)

HS-SCCH(s)

DPCCH

E-DPCCHE-DPDCH

E-HICH

E-AGCH

E-RGCH

DPCCH / DPDCH

DPCCH & DPDCH

Rel.5 HSDPA L1Rel.5 HSDPA L2 - MAC-hs scheduler

Rel.6 HSUPA L1Rel.6 HSUPA L2 - MAC-e scheduler

Rel.99 L1

: Dedicated PhCH(s) : Shared PhCH(s)

HSUPA : Receiver Architecture

DPCCHreceiver

OKKO

channel estimation

E-DPCCHdetection

yesno

E-DPCCHdecoding

e-TFCi

E-DPDCHdecoding

CRCE-HICH

for re-transmission

MAC-e data frame

HSUPA : Example of Multi-service Management

RNCNode-BHSPA-capable

Rel.6 UE

HS-SCCH Signaling part(UE id, )

HS-PDSCH for Mono PS I/B traffic

HS-DPCCH Feedback information(CQI, ACK/NACK)

Associated DPDCH for CS/PS str/SRB traffic

E-AGCH Scheduling information(e-RNTI, Scheduling Grant)

E-DPDCH for Mono PS I/B traffic

E-HICH Feedback informationACK/NACK, signature)

E-DPCCH Feedback information(e-TFCI, RSN, Happy bit)

Once UL PS I/B + PS I/B

then UL DCH Fall back

HSUPA : E-DCH Mobility

DCH active set

E-DCH active set Identical or a subset of DCH active set (decided by SRNC)

E-HICH (cells belonging to the same RLS) Same RLS : same MAC-e entity (same Node B)9 Same as the set of cells sending identical TPC bits

excluding the cells which are not in E-DCH active set

Have the same contents Combined by UE

E-DCH Absolute Grant Single Serving E-DCH cell9 Serving E-DCH cell and HS-DSCH Serving cell shall be identical (RRC signaling is independent)

E-RGCH Each cell of E-DCH active set Same RLS RGCHs same contents : combined Non-serving E-DCH RLS RGCHs cell specific : cannot be combined

L1MAC ACK/NACKs after combining AG from the servince cell RGs9 One from the Serving E-DCH RLS after combing9 One from each Non-serving RL

HSUPA : Rel.6 Compliant Solution - Intra-frequency E-DCH Mobility

Non Serving Cell#3

ServingCell

Non ServingCell#2

Node-B Node-B Node-B

UE

DCH in Macro

diversity

Non Serving

Cell

Maximum Radio CombiningIn Serving Node-B

E-HICHAbsolute Grant

E-DCH control and data

Associated DCH (in SHO)

HSUPA : Rel.6 Compliant Solution - Macro Diversity

Non Serving

Cell

ServingRL Cell

E-RGCH & E-HICHE-AGCH

E-DPCCH & E-DPDCH

Non Serving

Cell

Node-B

Node-BNode-B

Rel.6 UE

E-DCH in Macro

Diversity

Non Serving

Cell

Associated DCH

E-DCH Macro Div existence depending on available

processing resources !!!!!

e-DCH Macro diversity:One serving e-DCH cell (i.e. E-AGCH)Multiple Node-B E-DCH control

-E-DPCCH-E-DPDCH demodulation

E-HICH & E-RGCH from different cells -serving and non-serving cells

Associated DCH still in classical Rel.99 Macro Diversity Best Effort E-DCH Macro Diversity

Macro Div link level gain on E-DPDCH traffic Intra and Inter Node-B scheduling (i.e. E-RGCH mgt)

HSUPA : Rel.6 Compliant Solution - Macro Diversity

Pros and Cons Gain on link level performance9Pros

The higher number of SHO branches, the larger the e-DCH coverage

The higher number of SHO branches, the higher the e-DCH throughput at cell edge

9Cons The higher the data rate on e-DCH in SHO, the higher the impact on neighboring Node

B processing capacity

3GPP best effort E-DCH SHO (no E-DCH SHO if neighboring Node B processing capacity is not enough)

Real seamless user connectivity9Pros

Robust radio connection quite useful for RT services

9Cons As HSDPA, not requested for I/B (best-effort) traffic

Inter-cell management9Pros

Neighboring non-serving cells can regulate the load impact of surrounding serving E-DCH cell activity

9Cons Peak E-DCH user data rate could be limited by neighboring cell E-RGCH management

HSUPA : Load Management in Node B

Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP, TS25.215) Cell Measurement at the Rx antenna connector

UL load : =

N0 : corresponds to the thermal noise constant (-173dBm/Hz) Nf : noise factor of the BTS (2dB) W : bandwidth (3.84MHz) RTWP : current total wideband received power in the cell : thermal noise

9 Reference RTWP that corresponds to the amount of power received in the cell when the load is 09 N0 = kT ~ -174dBm/Hz

K is Boltzmann constant : 1.381 x 10-23 J/K

T is the temperature expressed in Kelvin : T=290K (16.84oC)

Maximum Noise Rise allowed to E-DCH cell : RoTmax = RTWPmax - RTWPref9 E-DCH scheduler must know the RoTmax

HSUPA max load = 1-10 - Noise_Rise_HSUPA (in dB) /10 (RoTmax=7dB 80% max UL load for R99/E-DCH)

RTWPWNN f

UL01=

RTWPRTWPref

UL =1

WNN f0 Thermal NoiseCS12.2

CS12.2

PS64

CS64

Max allowed UL load

Available UL load for E-DCH scheduling

R

S

S

I

HSUPA : Load Management in Node B

UL load indication UL PS384 RAB (SF4)9About 3 calls may generate a noise rise higher than 3dB, corresponding to 50% of UL load9What will be happened for EDCH SF4x2+SF2x2 service ?

Beyond 75% load system may be destabilized9Significant neighboring cell interference9Cell coverage reduction9Call drop

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

UL load

N

o

i

s

e

R

i

s

e

(

d

B

)

Noise Rise vs. UL load

HSUPA : E-DCH Power Allocation 10ms TTI E-DCH Transport Block Size Table 1

1179681475840

1151480474039

199501201146079442238

198601191117878440437

192781181112477408636

191881171082476406835

186061161078875375034

185161151048874373233

179161141045273339632

178441131015272337831

12468855430443543

12186845412432042

12132835094421861

1185082507641180

TB Size (bits)E-TFCITB Size (bits)E-TFCITB Size (bits)E-TFCI

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

SF256 SF128 SF64 SF32 SF16 SF8 SF4 2xSF4

T

h

r

o

u

g

h

p

u

t

(

M

b

p

s

)

eDCH throughput vs physical channel configuration type table 1

PhCH Index (3GPP TS25212 definition)

70.8

37.2

5(1xSF16)

1448.4306154.835.41.8Max user MAC-ethroughput (kbps)

337.8169.885.818.61.8Min user MAC-ethroughput (kbps)

8(2xSF4)

7(1xSF4)

6(1xSF8)

4(1xSF32)

1(1xSF256)

PhCH Index(SF)

PhCH Index 1 for user Scheduling Information

data flow @ 1.8kbps on E-DPDCH (3GPP TS25.309)

RLC PDU size @ 336bits too big to match with PhCH

Index 2 & 3 TrBlock size

UE Rate Matching as function of UE Tx Pw availability, RF conditions, Node-B grants,

HSUPA : E-DCH Power Allocation MAC-e Throughput

HSUPA : E-DCH Power Allocation

E-DPDCH power Relative to DPCCH power

Signalled by RNC9 only 8 "References E-TFC" are signalled by RNC9 HARQ = an additionnal offset (in dB)

The 8 "References E-TFC" signalled9 ETFC-iref : 0 - 127 9 Index of amplitude offset of a single channel : 0-31

Computed by the UE9 128 E-TFCi 128 power offsets9 -9.5dB ~ 28.7dB 2

2,,

c

iedieded

n=

2994

2889

2785

2679

2571

2462

2247

1711

PO indexETFC index

Example of reference E-TFC

HSUPA : E-DCH Power Allocation An Example of Reference Signaled E-TFCI

5/150

6/151

7/152

8/153

9/154

11/155

12/156

13/157

15/158

106/1525

119/1526

134/1527

150/1528

168/1529

Quantized amplitude ratiosAed =ed/c

Signaled values for E-DPDCH

29948

28897

27856

26795

25714

24623

22472

17111

referenceEtfciPowerOffsetreferenceEtfciReferenceEtfciList

Scheduling Grant Table (-9.5~28.7dB)

HSUPA : E-DCH Power Allocation An Example of TB size vs. E-DPDCH Power

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

x 104

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

TB size (bits)

E

-

D

P

D

C

H

p

o

w

e

r

r

e

l

a

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E-DPDCH power vs. transport block size

Reference signaled E-TFCI

HSUPA : E-DCH Power Allocation

E-DPCCH gain factor :

E-DPDCH gain factor : takes a different value for each E-TFC and HARQ offset

Gain factors for different E-TFCs and HARQ offsets are computed, based on reference gain factors of E-TFCs

Gain factors of E-TFCs are signaled as reference E-TFCs (HARQ offset : 0~6dB)

Reference gain factor (reference E-TFC) :

E-TFCIref,1 < E-TFCIref,2 < < E-TFCIref,M

E-TFCIref,m

HSUPA : E-DCH Absolute Grant Value (25.212 Table 16B)

16(75/15)2

17(84/15)2

18(95/15)2

19(106/15)2

20(119/15)2

21(134/15)2

22(150/15)2

23(168/15)2

24(95/15)2x4

25(150/15)2x2

26(119/15)2x4

27(134/15)2x4

28(150/15)2x4

29(168/15)2x4

30(150/15)2x6

31(168/15)2x6

0INACTIVE*

1ZERO_GRANT*

2(7/15)2

3(11/15)2

4(15/15)2

5(19/15)2

6(24/15)2

7(27/15)2

8(30/15)2

9(34/15)2

10(38/15)2

11(42/15)2

12(47/15)2

13(53/15)2

14(60/15)2

15(67/15)2

2. edn < signaled grant value

HSUPA : HARQ Recombining for E-DPDCH

+ HARQ buffer

Received bits

Received soft bits

unpuncturing

Recombined soft bits

Decoding, CRC check

rsnE-DPCCHdefense

HSUPA : HARQ

10338

11237

00136

01035

10334

11233

11222

10311

01000

rsRVRSNTransmission

11238

01037

11236

01035

11234

01033

01022

11211

01000

rsRVRSNTransmission

coding rate < 1/2 coding rate > 1/2

repetitions or low puncturing rate high puncturing rate

(s,r) punc./repet. bit selection

basedonTTI

HSUPA : HARQ - E-DPCCH Defense

E-DPCCH error management Non detection vs. False alarm Bad decoding

E-DPCCHdefense

E-DPCCH : RSN, ETFCi

HARQ buffer managementretransmission

index

E-HICHACK / NACK / DTX

CRC

HSPA Common Issue

HSPA : Radio Resource Management

RRM (RNC/Node B - UE) Resource allocation9Packet scheduling9Power control / Load control9HARQ

Admission control Mobility Management Congestion control9No congestion9Delay build-up9Lost packets

QoS parameterization

HSPA : Transport Channel Type Selection

Some possible rules CS RAB is established on a DCH channel

Streaming RAB is established on a DCH channel

For a R5 UE (HSDPA capable) 9DL PS I/B RB is preferred on HSDPA

For a R6 UE (HSDPA and HSUPA capable) 9DL PS I/B RB is preferred on HSDPA9UL PS I/B RB is preferred on HSUPA

HSPA : QoS Differentiation

Service differentiation PS data services have different QoS requirements9 Need to provide QoS differentiation among these different services9 Streaming video, web browsing, 9 Treat PS services differently when performing admission control

Subscribers differentiation Preferential treatment can be granted to premium users9 Consuming a high volume of data

QoS attributes (by RNC) Traffic Class Allocation/Retention Priority Traffic Handling Priority (only defined for Interactive TC) GBR

Differential priority Subscriber priority MAC logical channel priority Scheduling priority indicator

HSPA : CAC

RAB matching Any PS RAB request with I/B traffic class HSDPA/HSUPA RB configuration9 If HSDPA/HSUPA capable9 If primary cell of the active set supports HSDPA/HSUPA

HSUPA not supported in the cell (but HSDPA present)9Request is mapped on UL DCH/DL HSDPA

Neither HSUPA nor HSDPA supported in the cell9Request is mapped on UL/DL DCH

CAC RNC CAC9Any I/B RAB request is admitted on HSDPA/HSUPA

Until the maximum number of simultaneous users allowed on HSDPA/HSUPA is reached

9Not enough HSDPA/HSUPA resources DCH fallback mechanism is triggered

Node B CAC : can be applied after RNC procedure

HSPA : RLC Reconfiguration (by Bearer Transition)

RLC reconfiguration, if needed Chanel type switching between DCH and HS-DSCH

Optional (PS I/B RAB only RLC AM parameters)9Tune RLC settings (like timers) to the characteristics of the transport channel

RB reconfiguration (due to mobility or Always-On)9Done simultaneously with the transport channel reconfiguration

RB addition/delete (due to RAB assignment/release)9Cannot be performed simultaneously with the RB addition/deletion

RLC PDU size/queue size cannot be changed

Annex A : RLC Modes

RLC - SDU

RLC - PDU

RLC

RLC SDU #1

RLC Segment.

RLC SDU #2

RLC Segment.RLC HeaderRLC Header

RLC PDU RLC PDU

Segmentation

Concatenation

RLC-PDU 1 RLC-PDU 2

RLC-SDU1

RLC-PDU not received

RLC-PDU 3 RLC-PDU 4 RLC-PDU 5 RLC-PDU 6

lost RLC-SDU RLC-SDU3

Transparent Mode (All CS, some kinds of PS)

UM/AM Mode (PS)

AM = UM + some properties

-ACK for RLC-PDU transmitted

-Flow control (suspend/resume)

-Error correction through retransmission

Sequence Number Check

Annex B : MAC Functions (1/2)

Transport Channels Common transport channels9RACH9FACH9HS-DSCH9BCH9PCH

Dedicated transport channels9DCH9E-DCH

Logical channels Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)Paging Control Channel (PCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Control Channel

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) Traffic Channel

Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)

Shared Channel Control Channel (SHCCH)

MBMS point-to-multipoint Control Channel (MCCH)

MBMS point-to-multipoint Traffic Channel (MTCH)

MBMS point-to-multipoint Scheduling Channel (MSCH)

Annex B : MAC Functions (2/2)

MAC specific functions Control of HS-DSCH transmission and reception9Network operation

Scheduler, HARQ

9UE operation HARQ, Reordering, Reassembly

Control of E-DCH transmission and reception9UE operation

HARQ, Multiplexing and TSN setting, Serving Grant Update, E-TFC selection, Happy bit setting, Scheduling Information reporting

9Node B operation HARQ, De-multiplexing, Scheduler

9RNC operation Reordering

hsdpaanalysis-130430180552-phpapp01

Documents

hspa hspa objectives

performance of hspa

datasystem overview

existing hspa infrastructure

peak data rate

fast upgrade

mshsdpahsupa14 mbps

radio networks