STEEL SUCKER RODS

AND

COUPLINGS

HS

DS

DA

QUENCH

&

TEMPERED

About Us

Q2 Artificial Lift Services opened in December 2016 in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. Our Senior Management team has an average of 20+ years working in the oilfield business. Years of experience coupled with innovative new ideas, solidify us as leaders in the industry. We have expertise in engineering, manufacturing, and product development of sucker rods & associated components along with rod string and rod lift system designs.

Our Steel Sucker Rods

Q2ALS has designed our rods using well proven engineering, starting with the raw materials, processing techniques and heat treatment. Raw materials used for Q2 ALS rods are manufactured from the ground up, using virgin steel. We use integrated steel mills that start with raw iron, transform this into steel, then add the necessary alloys to produce the grades of materials we require. During the process of manufacturing the steel it is desulfurized and dephosphorized. Most other manufacturers providing products in North America use mini mills that recycle steel such as old cars and appliances that lead to elements in their steel (such as aluminum and copper) that have a negative effect, requiring the addition of grain refining materials to overcome these issues. The sulfur and phosphorus content in our steel is some of the lowest in the industry allowing us to minimize the nonmetallic inclusions, leading to a higher resistance of corrosion in sour gas environments. Additionally, our steel is produced at high altitude further enhancing the quality of the material. The manufacturing facility has one of the oldest and continuous API Monogram Licenses dating back to 1989. In 2014, the company moved into a brand new, state-of-the-art facility purposely designed with a focus on the highest quality sucker rods. Our lead team members and the production and engineering representatives of the manufacturing company designed, developed and put into place the criteria and requirements for all the equipment and processes in the new facility.

Quality Above and Beyond • Raw material samples are sent and tested in a national level laboratory to ensure they

match the mill certifications • Quality gates are set at all operations for review and approval prior to moving to the next

process • Mechanical properties testing occurs in the factory and test samples are sent to a national

level laboratory for validation and final approval • Straightness requirements are more stringent than API 11B • 100% magnetic particle examination of the upset ends after heat treatment • 100% inspection of all machined surfaces • All quality examiners performing special processes are licensed and certified at a national

level

Testing to Insure Performance Besides the standard manufacturing testing that is normally performed by a manufacturer, we additionally performed Charpy impact testing and fatigue cycle failure testing on our products. The criteria was set high enough to insure excellent performance of the products in the most trying conditions for our customers. We periodically test to ensure we maintain our high standards and contentiously improve the products. Products are tested in accordance with SYT-5029 Annexes L and M for steel sucker rods and other methods. Annex L defines the requirements of fatigue cyclic load properties and test methods for steel sucker rods and Annex M the impact toughness of steel sucker rods.

GRADE MANUFACTURER MARK Heat

Treatment Sa

Maximum Available Stress (Sa)

Fatigue Cycle Life Standard

58.9 Ksi D Grade, 78.3 Ksi HS Grade

@ >106 cycles

Charpy Impact minimum

> 44.3 ft-lbs

API D Alloy

Q2ALS DA Q&T T/2.5 48,000 Passed 133 Typical

NORRIS 78 N&T T/4 30,000 * *

TENARIS DA N&T T/4 30,000 * *

UPCO AD N&T T/4 28,750 * *

WEATHERFORD D N&T T/4 28,750 * *

API D Special

Q2ALS DS-KD Q&T T/2.5 50,000 Passed 133 Typical

NORRIS 90 N&T T/4 30,000 * *

TENARIS DS N&T T/4 31,250 * *

UPCO KD N&T T/4 28,750 * *

WEATHERFORD KD N&T T/4 28,750 * *

API High Strength

Q2ALS HS Q&T T/2.5 56,000 Passed 105.5 Typical

NORRIS 97 N&T T/2.8 50,000 * *

TENARIS UHS-NR N&T T/2.8 50,000 * *

UPCO HX N&T T/2.8 50,000 * *

WEATHERFORD HD N&T T/2.8 50,000 * *

* Information has not been published

What Makes Q2ALS Brand Better than Another? Two important factors have been discuss already to some degree, steel and quality. Next would be the method of heat treatment. The two primary methods of heat treatment for sucker rods are normalize and temper (N&T) and quench and temper (Q&T). Normalizing and tempering requires very little skill in comparison with quench and tempering and is the fastest and easiest to perform, but has limitations, that requires adjustments to the chemical compositions on the materials being heat treated to obtain the desired results. Additionally, the ferrite pearlite grain structure the steel started off with does not transform. All sucker rod manufacturing located in North America use this method and most share the same steel suppliers as well. What you get from one, you pretty much get from them all.

Q2ALS uses the quench and temper method of heat treatment which transforms the steel grain struc-

ture from the ferrite pearlite in the as rolled condition to a tempered martensite structure with highly desirable properties that enhance impact resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue cycle life.

• The METHOD defines the outcome

more heavily than chemistry

• Does not require refining elements as

the process refines the steel

• Heat treatment determines the out-

come not so much the chemical com-

position

• Mechanical properties can be better

controlled and defined giving yield to

tensile strength ratios of 0.90-0.98

• The CHEMISTRY defines the outcome more

heavily than method

• Requires refining elements to reduce grain

growth during the heat treating process

• Chemical composition determines the out-

come more than the heat treat method

• Mechanical properties cannot easily be ad-

justed leading to yield to tensile ratios of

0.67-0.87

Q&T N&T

500X Magnification

Q2ALS

Quench & Tempered

Martensitic Steel

Normalized &

Tempered

Ferrite / Pearlite

Steel

Mechanical and Chemical Properties by Grade

Type DA DS-KD HS TA TAS HA HAS

API Grade D Alloy D Special Alloy High Strength

Special T Alloy

Coupling T Alloy Spray

Metal Coupling High Strength Alloy Coupling

High Strength Alloy Spray

Metal Coupling

API Color Code Yellow Orange Purple None None None None

Steel Type 4130MD 3130MD 3130MD 5140MD 5140MD 4130MD 4130MD

Heat Treatment

Austenitized, Quenched & Tempered Special processes, protected by trade secrets

Mechanical Properties

Yield Strength, KSI

115 Min 120 Min 125 Min 60 Min 60 Min 80 min 80 Min

Tensile Strength, KSI

120/ 140 125 / 140 140 /155 90 / 125 90 / 125 125 / 155 125 / 155

Elongation, % in 8"

10 Min 10 Min 10 Min — — — —

Reduction of Area, %

55 Min 55 Min 55 Min — — — —

Brinell Hardness*

248 - 285 248 - 285 273 - 313 — — — —

Chemical Properties, percent

Carbon (C) 0.26 - 0.33 0.22 - 0.29 0.22 - 0.29 0.37 - 0.44 0.37 - 0.44 0.26 - 0.33 0.26 - 0.33

Manganese (Mn)

0.40 - 0.70 0.71 - 1.00 0.71 - 1.00 0.50 - 0.80 0.50 - 0.80 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.70

Phosphorus (P) 0.025 Max 0.025 Max 0.025 Max 0.025 Max 0.025 Max 0.025 Max 0.025 Max

Sulphur (S) 0.025 Max 0.035 Max 0.035 Max 0.035 Max 0.035 Max 0.025 Max 0.025 Max

Silicon (Si) 0.17 - 0.37 0.15 - 0.35 0.15 - 0.35 0.17 - 0.37 0.17 - 0.37 0.17 - 0.37 0.17 - 0.37

Nickel (Ni) 0.50 Max 0.72 - 1.00 0.72 - 1.00 0.30 Max 0.30 Max 0.50 Max 0.50 Max

Chromium (Cr) 0.80 - 1.10 0.42 - 0.65 0.42 - 0.65 0.80 - 1.10 0.80 - 1.10 0.80 - 1.10 0.80 - 1.10

Molybdenum (Mo)

0.15 - 0.25 0.01 - 0.06 0.01 - 0.06 — — 0.15 - 0.25 0.15 - 0.25

Vanadium (V) — — — — — — —

Note * reference only, not a requirement under 11B

Q2ALS maintains D Alloy (DA), D Special Alloy (DS-KD) and High Strength

Special (HS) rods and pony rods in stocks. Other grades of rods are available by

special order. High Strength couplings by special order.

Understanding Rod String Design Rod string design has more to do with just tensile strength as some manufacturers and salespeo-

ple would have you believe. This is where the Modified Goodman Diagram comes into play. A

manufacture can say they have higher tensile strength and so their rod is better but if they only

support designing to a maximum tensile stress load (Sa) on the MGD diagram that is lower than

the competition it is a false statement. This means even with a higher tensile strength the peak

polish load could be lower that a competitor’s rod that has a lower tensile strength reported.

With Q2ALS rods you get the best of both worlds with higher tensile strengths and a higher Sa

value of T/2.5, whereas the competition use T/4 for D grade rods, and T/2.8 for high strength

rods. Q2ALS rods calculate out to higher peak polished rod loads and in the case of our DS-KD is

equal to some competitor’s high strength rods.

Modified Goodman calculations:

Sa = (T/D+M* Smin)SF , where:

Sa = maximum available stress, psi (N/mm2)

M = slope of Sa curve = 1-(1.75/D)

Smin = minimum stress, psi (N/mm2)(calculated or measured)

SF = Service factor

T = minimum tensile strength, psi (N/mm2)

D = deviser that defines the maximum available stress set by the manufacturer to protect their

product in regard to fatigue loading.

To compare the various rods without a known well condition the service factor (SF) will be set to

1, and the Smin will equal 0. The equation can be simplified as below.

Sa = (T/D+M*Smin)SF,

Sa = (T/D+M*0)1,

Sa = (T/D+1-(1.75/D*0))1,

Sa = (T/D),

We can then compare the peak polished rod loads and clearly it is obvious that you can carry

more load with Q2ALS rods. The Q2ALS DS-KD rods have the same peak load carrying capacity as

the competitor’s high strength rods.

This allows you to use smaller diameter rods in a well or DS-KD rods in a well where you may

have had to use a competitor’s high strength rod. Additionally, our high strength rods can give

you that extra lift you may need.

Maximum Available Stress and Peak Polished Rod Load

GRADE MANUFACTURER MARK TENSILE KSI

RANGE Sa

Maximum Available Stress (Sa)

Peak Polished Rod Load

3/4"

Peak Polished Rod Load

7/8"

Peak Polished Rod Load 1"

DA

API DA 115/140 T/4 28,750 12,708 17,279 22,569

Q2ALS DA 120/140 T/2.5 48,000 21,216 28,848 37,680

NORRIS 78 120/140 T/4 30,000 13,260 18,030 23,550

TENARIS DA 120/140 T/4 30,000 13,260 18,030 23,550

UPCO AD 115/140 T/4 28,750 12,708 17,279 22,569

WEATHERFORD D 115/140 T/4 28,750 12,708 17,279 22,569

DS

API DS 115/140 T/4 28,750 12,708 17,279 22,569

Q2ALS DS-KD 125/140 T/2.5 50,000 22,100 30,050 39,250

NORRIS 90 120/140 T/4 30,000 13,260 18,030 23,550

TENARIS DS 125/140 T/4 31,250 13,813 18,781 24,531

UPCO KD 115/140 T/4 28,750 12,708 17,279 22,569

WEATHERFORD KD 115/140 T/4 28,750 12,708 17,279 22,569

HS

API HS 140/155 T/2.8 50,000 22,100 30,050 39,250

Q2ALS HS 140/155 T/2.5 56,000 24,752 33,656 43,960

NORRIS 97 140/155 T/2.8 50,000 22,100 30,050 39,250

TENARIS UHS-NR 140/160 T/2.8 50,000 22,100 30,050 39,250

UPCO HX 140/160 T/2.8 50,000 22,100 30,050 39,250

WEATHERFORD HD 140/150 T/2.8 50,000 22,100 30,050 39,250

Ksi

Ksi

Environment, Fatigue and Corrosion

LOAD

56 Ksi

50 Ksi

48 Ksi

Light - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Medium

CORROSION

Fatigue is a strictly mechanical process. The

addition of corrosion adds considerable

complexity to the already difficult to

understand metallurgical problem. Corrosion

may begin in one form –corrosion or pitting

and then change into fatigue cracking

modified by corrosion, embrittlement or

environmentally assisted cracking. The area

of corrosion fatigue is one of the least well

understood metallurgical processes.1

Sulfide stress cracking, SSC, a form of

hydrogen embrittlement, is known to be

accelerated by cold working, thus a steel

which will resist SSC under s constant load

may behave differently when subjected to

cyclic loading in a sour environment. It would

be expected that normalized and tempered

steels, already known to have low toughness

and SSC resistance compared to Q&T steels,2

may degrade further under fatigue loading

by virtue of their relatively high work

hardening rate and lower yield to ultimate

strength ratio.

The general rule is that Q&T steels have higher yield strength and toughness than N&T steels

portends superior corrosion fatigue performance from quench and temper heat treated

steels is sweet and sour environments.. At the low cycle extreme of corrosion fatigue, the

distinction between stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen cracking and corrosion fatigue

disappear. At this end of the corrosion fatigue process, the superiority of Q&T steels over

N&T steels is widely acknowledged. 2

1 R. W. Stahle, Editor, CORROSION FATGUE: Chemistry, Mechanics and Microstructure, NACE,1972.

2 J. B. Greer, “Factors Affecting the Sulfide Stress Cracking Performance of High Strength Streels,” Materials

Performance, Vol.14, No.3, 1975.

Maximum Torque by Rod Grade and Size

ROD GRADE

YIELD STRENGTH ROD DIAMETERA

MAXIMUM TORQUEB

KSI Mpa ft-lbs N m

DA 110 758

7/8" 640 868

1" 956 1296

1-1/8" 1361 1846

DS-KD 115 793

7/8" 670 908

1" 1000 1356

1-1/8" 1423 1929

HS 125 862

7/8" 728 987

1" 1086 1472

1-1/8" 1546 2096 A Not all sucker rod sizes are listed in this table. For additional sizes contact your

Q2ALS representative. B Q2ALS values shown at a service factor of 1.0, but require that a 0.8 service factor

be applied to all specified torque limits.

Pulling Loads

Pulling loads for a rod string (typically for a stuck pump) are based on the smallest diameter rod in the rod string. The safety factor for new rods is 0.95% and for used rods is 0.75%. To calculate the safe pulling load: Safe Pulling load (SPL) = (Rod Cross Section Area x Minimum Yield Strength x Safety Factor) + Weight of rods above the minimum diameter section of the rod string Example SPL calculation of a DA Grade, 1” diameter, used rod string: Safe Pulling load (SPL) = (0.785 x 110,000 x 0.75%) + Weight of rods above the minimum diameter section of the rod string.

GRADE DIAMETER CROSS

SECTION OF AREA

MINIMUM YIELD

STRENGTH, (psi)

NEW RODS AT 0.95 %

(Pounds)

USED RODS AT 0.75% (Pounds)

+

WEIGHT OF RODS ABOVE THE TOP

OF THE MINIMUM DIAMETER

SECTION OF THE ROD STRING

DA

5/8 0.307 110,000 32,082 25,328

3/4 0.442 110,000 46,189 36,465

7/8 0.601 110,000 62,805 49,583

1 0.785 110,000 82,033 64,763

1-1/8 0.994 110,000 103,873 82,005

DS-KD

5/8 0.307 115,000 33,540 26,479

3/4 0.442 115,000 48,289 38,123

7/8 0.601 115,000 65,659 51,836

1 0.785 115,000 85,761 67,706

1-1/8 0.994 115,000 108,595 85,733

HS

5/8 0.307 125,000 36,456 28,781

3/4 0.442 125,000 52,488 41,438

7/8 0.601 125,000 71,369 56,344

1 0.785 125,000 93,219 73,594

1-1/8 0.994 125,000 118,038 93,188

Weights for 25 Foot Rods

Side View

Top View

67.5 in. (1714.5 mm)

135.0 in. (3429.0 mm)

202.5 in. (5143.5 mm)

270.0 in. (6858.0 mm)

310.0 in (7874.0 mm)

All tolerances for position of spacers boards +/- 0.500 in (12.7 mm)

29

.56

7—2

9.6

06

in.

(75

1—7

52

mm

) Rod Pallet Information

Reference Diameter Rods per Layer Rods per Pallet

5/8" 20 120

3/4" 20 100

7/8" 20 80

1" 10 60

Reference Diameter

Without Coupling (lbs.)

With Full Size Coupling Attached (lbs.)

With Slim Hole Coupling Attached (lbs.)

5/8" 27.2 28.5 28.2

3/4" 38.5 40.0 39.8

7/8" 52.0 53.8 53.5

1" 69.9 72.5 71.9

Coupling Diameter and Weights

Reference Diameter

Full Size Slim Hole Size

O.D. Weight (lbs.) O.D. Weight (lbs.)

5/8" 1.500 1.30 1.250 1.00

3/4" 1.625 1.50 1.500 1.26

7/8" 1.613 1.80 1.625 1.50

1" 2.188 2.58 2.000 2.01

Rod System Design Data Sheet

TECHNOLOGY of QUENCH and TEMPER

We choose to do these things not because they are easy,

but because they are the right thing to do.

Quench and tempering steel sucker rods requires more skill to

manufacture but provides a superior metallurgical structure for the

rods.

• Transforms ferrite/ pearlite as rolled into a tempered martensitic

structure.

• Higher load carrying capacity than N&T steel.

• Charpy impact testing indicates Q&T rods are over 3 time tougher than

N&T rods.

• Greatly reduces or eliminates the incipient grain boundary found

between the forged end and rod body that can lead to failures.

• Checking of fractures that form.

• Quench and tempered steels as a class are known to have better fatigue,

toughness and SSC qualities than normalized and tempered steels at

equal tensile strength.

• Q&T steels may be used successfully with higher strength levels than

N&T.

• Quench and tempered rods should offer extended service over

normalized and tempered rods, particularly where H2S is present as a

produced fluid.

• Developed metallurgies specifically suited for the process and application.

• Our manufacturing has been quench and tempering longer than any API

company currently on the market, since 1989, and has continually been

improving the technology with guidance from our engineering and

technology team.

Limited Warranty

Q2 Artificial Lift Services LLC ("Q2ALS") warrants to the original purchaser ("Buyer") from Q2ALS of sucker rods,

pony rods, and couplings products (“Goods”) that are manufactured by Q2ALS, that the Goods shall be free from de-

fects in material and workmanship, for a period of one year from the date of purchase. Should any such Goods be de-

fective in material or workmanship, Q2ALS will, at Q2ALS’s sole option either replace such Goods F.O.B. Big Spring,

Texas, or allow a credit therefore (up to a maximum of the original purchase price for such Goods paid to Q2ALS) and

will provide a credit to the Buyer for well service costs incurred as a direct result of pulling and replacing such Goods

to the point of failure, provided such costs are amounts documented and submitted within the warranty period. Q2ALS

will not pay pulling costs above usual and customary amounts and will not pay for costs incurred due to special or unu-

sual access requirements.

This limited warranty shall be automatically void if failures or defects were caused in whole or in part by (i) improper

or abnormal use; (ii) inadequate or improper service; (iii) improper handling, transporting, running, storage, pulling or

joint makeup; (iv) any other type of misapplication; (v) any unapproved alteration; (vi) misuse or if not used in accord-

ance with instructions or recommendations of Q2ALS; or (vii) Goods which are defective due to mishandling, treat-

ment or storage of the Goods. Q2ALS will not be responsible for any claim for down time, or loss of income or pro-

duction, or accidents, or for any special, indirect, punitive, or consequential damages.

THE WARRANTIES, OBLIGATIONS, AND LIABILITIES OF Q2ALS AND THE REMEDIES OF THE BUYER

OF GOODS SET OUT IN THIS LIMITED WARRANTY ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE MADE AND ACCEPTED

BY THE BUYER IN LIEU OF, AND THE BUYER WAIVES AND RELEASES ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OF

Q2ALS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, ARISING BY STATUTE OR OTHERWISE, WITH RESPECT TO ANY DE-

FECT IN THE GOODS OR ANY DEFECT IN THE Q2ALS SUPPLIED WORKMANSHIP OR MATERIALS PER-

TAINING TO THE GOODS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WAIVER AND RELEASE BY THE

BUYER OF THE FOLLOWING: (I) ANY STATUTORY OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY

OR OF FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE (II) ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY ARISING FROM COURSE OF DEAL-

ING, COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, OR USAGE OF TRADE, AND (III) ANY OTHER RIGHT, CLAIM, OR

REMEDY WHATSOEVER OF THE BUYER.

Q2ALS shall not have any obligation or liability and the Buyer acknowledges that Q2ALS shall not have obligation or

liability whatsoever to the Buyer, whether arising pursuant to the foregoing limited warranty, or in contract, indemnity,

tort (including negligence, products liability, strict liability, or otherwise), for any exemplary or punitive damages or

for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages (even though such damages may be foreseeable) includ-

ing, but not limited to loss of profits or revenues, loss of use of equipment, cost of capital, cost of substitute equipment

repairs of facilities, cost of getting service equipment on site, cost of downtime, cost of purchased or replacement

equipment or parts, cost of transportation or freight, inspection, instillation, removal or reinstallation with respect to the

Goods except to the extent specifically provided for herein.

In order for THIS limited warranty to be valid, Q2ALS must be notified in writing within one year from the date of

purchase and Buyer must provide, in a timely manner, all relevant application information, including but not limited to

a deviation survey of the well, water and gas analysis, well data, and samples of failed parts as requested by Q2ALS. If

Q2ALS shall disagree with any such claims, the issue shall be conclusively determined by prompt submission to a

qualified and accredited independent testing laboratory selected by Q2ALS, the costs thereof to be borne by Q2ALS

and reimbursed by the Buyer if determined not to be a valid warranty claim. No material may be returned for repair,

replacement, or credit except by special arrangement with the written consent of Q2ALS.

Other products sold by Q2ALS but not manufactured by Q2ALS are not warranted by Q2ALS. However, Q2ALS

agrees to use reasonable efforts to assign to the purchaser of those products whatever expressed warranty was original-

ly given by the original manufacturer thereof so that the said purchaser may pursue such claims directly with the manu-

facturer thereof. In doing so, Q2ALS makes no warranty regarding the enforceability or validity of the assigned war-

ranty or the scope thereof.

Prices, specifications and recommendations published by Q2ALS are subject to change at anytime without prior notice.

Contact your local sales representative

or find your nearest location by visiting

our website.

Www.Q2als.com

Q2ALS CORPORATE OFFICE CANADA

7883 EDGAR INDUSTRIAL WAY,

RED DEER, AB T4P 3R2 CANADA

P: 403.343.8802

E: sales@Q2als.com

Q2ALS CORPORATE OFFICE USA

3611 HWY 158

MIDLAND, TEXAS 79706

P: 432.685.2600

E: sales@Q2als.com

HS

DS

DA