hpsu training hp restricted october 17, 2001 page 2 dds objectives provide an overview of the key...

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

HP Restricted

DDS Objectives

• Provide an overview of the key technical features of DDS Technology

• To introduce HPs DDS Technology product Family, and show where this technology is best deployed

• Compare HP products to our competitors

• Provide tools and references to further information

DDS

October 17, 2001

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Tape Technology Unit Shares: Dataquest

DDS maintains its position as the leading tape technology

The DLT/LTO category is the fastest growing

Tape Format Unit Share 2000

31%

6%

46%

4%

12% 1%

DC2000/Travan/ADR

DC6000/SLR

DDS

8mm (AIT/Mammoth)

DLT/LTO

Half-Inch

Tape Format Unit Share 2004

24%

4%

43%

5%

22%2%

DC2000/Travan/ADR

DC6000/SLR

DDS

8mm (AIT/Mammoth)

DLT/LTO

Half-Inch

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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Why is DDS Technology so popular?

• Low cost of ownership – drive & media combination offer lowest cost tape technology

• Good reliability – when used in the correct manner

• DDS is a Standard, manufactured by HP, SONY & Seagate. 4 successful generations, each building on the previous generation installed base

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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DDS History

DDS DDS-DC

DDS-2DDS-3

DDS-4

(1989)(1991)

(1993)(1995)

(1999)

EnablingTehcnologies

Audio DAT 90m tape 120m tape 125 m mediaMedia spec DCLZ MP+ media Increased bpi

using PRMLGroups Thinner Forma

tC3 ECC tracks

efficiency

150m tapeThinnertracks

NativeCapacity 1.3GB 2GB 4GB 12GB 20GB

Transfer rate 183kB/s 183kB/s 360kB/s- 750kB/s- 1MB/s- 720kB/s 1.5MB/s 3MB/s

DDS

October 17, 2001

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HP DDS Product FamilyNative

Capacity GB

Native Performance

GB/Hr

1.8 3.6 10.8

20

12

4

HP DAT8i/e

HP DAT24i/e/k/m

DAT24x6i/e

HP DAT40i/e/k/m

DAT40x6i/e

Note:DDS1 now obsolete

October 17, 2001

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Other Technical Specifications

DDS2 DDS3 DDS4Primary Media usage for best performance

120m 125m 150m

SCSI Interface & connector

Single Ended Narrow SCSI 2 - 50 way

Single Ended Narrow SCSI 2 - 50 way

LVDS/SE

68 pin High Density

Backwards compatibility

Write/Read DDS1 (90m and 60m tapes)

Write/Read DDS2

Write/Read DDS1 (90m and 60m tapes)

Write/Read DDS3

Write/Read DDS2

Read-Only DDS1(90m)

Engineering Features Firmware controlled equalization adjustment (no pots)

Firmware upgrade over SCSI or Via Upgrade tape.

Increased Format efficiency.

Write read channel now PRML

Super Head-Clean mode

Active Drum

Capstan cleaner

Real time adaptive filtering

Advanced sequence detection

Each generation benefits from previous generation engineering enhancements

October 17, 2001

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3 Current Generations of DDS

DDS2 DDS3

DDS4

Mode Motor, drives all the mechanical loading/unloading and threading of

tape.

Head cleaner, operates as

necessary under firmware control.

On DDS4 the W/R pre-amp is mounted on the rotating drum to get better Signal to

Noise (SNR) performance.

Interchange Guaranteed

October 17, 2001

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Cassette Switch Decoding Holes in tape cassette inform the drive which type of

tape is being used.

1 2 3 4Write Protect

Open=1Closed=0

D D

D=Datum hole

TAPE TYPE HOLE 1 HOLE 2 HOLE3 HOLE 460m DDS-1 0 0 0 090m DDS-1 0 1 0 0120m DDS-2 1 0 0 0125m DDS-3 1 0 1 0150m DDS-4 1 1 0 0Cleaning Tape 0 0 1 0

Actual size

October 17, 2001

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DDS Tape - Basics

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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Read After Write

Write 1

Write 2

Read 1

Read 2

The data written on the tapeis read after the write operation

and checked for integrity.

DDS

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DDS Format Details

DDS

October 17, 2001

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Moveable guides to “thread” the tape across the drum

Capstan motor “drives” tape across

the head.

Pinch roller acts as to engage the

capstan motor onto the tape to get

effective “drive”

Mechanical loading process

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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DDS 2

DDS 3&4

Main Data128 Blocks

Main Data96 Fragments

Main Changes: No ATF zones Subcodes embedded along tracks C1 Blocks - Fragments

marginsubdata ATF marginsubdataATF

marginmargin

Track Layout

DDS

October 17, 2001

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Track Details - DDS3&4

90°

Margin P Main Data 96Fragments Margin

Fragment Detail

Header

Datablocksfrom aG4SubGroup

Fragment ID (0 - 91)Area ID Frame Number

Sub Code Information x 4

Header Parity x2 (CRC)

–Subcodes embedded along tracks–No ATF zones

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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Why PRML? Used On DDS3 & DDS4 (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood)

• Enables 2x bit density without reducing read head gap

• Head gap length 2x bit length

• 3 level detection used

• Recovers Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)

Read

Head

Read

Head

0

1 2

1

0Peak detect PRML

Decoded as part of a

longer sequence

DDS2 DDS3&4

DDS

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Some DDS 4 Engineering Enhancements

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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Front panel display

ANY

ANY

Activity - Load/Unload

Activity - Read/Write

Tape Loaded - Unit Offline

Media Caution

Fault

Self-test in progress

Off

Flashing Greenperiod=1 Second

Flashing Greenperiod=1/2 Second

Green

Amber

Flashing Amberperiod=1 Second

KeyTapeClean / Attention

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

HP Restricted

DDS Autoloaders

Entry Level Automation

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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X: cartridge horizontal movement

Y: cartridge vertical movement

R: magazine rotation

Z: magazine horizontal movement

YY XX

RR

ZZ

DDS autoloader – mechanism-basics

Picker mechanism

Robotics PCB fits

here

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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DDS-4 Autoloader – Sample Usage Model

30GBServer

This example illustrates how an automated backup could be set upfor a 30GB capacity server to run for 3 months without manual intervention being required.

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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Appropriate uses for DDS Technology

• Entry Level servers and workstations where the duty cycle does not exceed 3-4 hours per day

• Ideal for cost effective large scale file transfers between machines.

• Used on HP-UX systems to load the OS (using “ignite UX command”)

• On “intel” systems DDS with HP OBDR is ideal for protecting the operating system and applications disks from system crash, even if the main data is backed up by higher capacity tape drives.

• DDS Autoloaders ideal for remote office locations wanting to make backup as Automated as possible because of minimal IT staff.

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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Ensuring a trouble free life with your HP DDS drive

• Use “native” tapes for best performance and reliability• Previous generation media is rougher and if used

frequently can increase head wear.

• Ensure drive streams • test system can supply data quickly enough with HP

performance assessment tool (PAT – NT & W2K)

• don’t “overload “ system during backups

• Clean drive weekly with cleaning cassette

• Don’t use autoloaders as big tape drives, this will exceed the designed duty cycles of the product

• Use DDS4 – it is extremely reliable with an AFR < 3%

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

HP Restricted

HP DDS COMPETITION

For direct & indirect competition see

http://brifpwww.bri.hp.com/competitionweb/default.asp

Download the competitive folder (still current for DDS products)

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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Summary of HP DAT advantages over competition

• #1 Market share in DDS technology (> 50%)• HP reputation for reliability• Widest Connectivity & Compatibility testing in the

industry• Comprehensive TapeWare software in every box• OBDR – unique to HP DAT drives – quickest safest

way to recover from a total system crash• Express Exchange – 24Hr replacement + system

matching warranty on HP servers• HP DDS4 – fastest DAT drive available – here’s the

proof!

DDS

October 17, 2001

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Hardware Setup

• Servers used HP LH4 and DELL 4300• Dual Processor Intel 2, 400 MHz• 256Mb RAM• SCSI Hard disk for optimum transfer• Separate AHA2940 U2W to avoid bottlenecks• Microsoft NT version 4 with latest service packs• Latest versions of Backup Exec and ARCserve for

Microsoft NT• Backups included SQL, Exchange as well as

single large data file and the OS

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

HP Restricted

Real-World Performance:Transfer Rates on a partially loaded server

Whatever the server loading, HP SureStore DAT40 is still the best performer.

The biggest factor affecting performance is the behaviour of the operating system and other processes running at the same time.

But...

DDS

8.9212.24

14.2016.10 17.20

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

GB

yte

s /

ho

ur 25% CPU Loading

QuantumDLT 4000

Sony DDS4(SDLT10000)

ExabyteMammoth

Sony AIT HP SureStoreDAT40

8.89 9.06

14.22 15.71 17.20

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

50% CPU Loading

GB

yte

s /

ho

ur

QuantumDLT 4000

Sony DDS4(SDLT10000)

ExabyteMammoth

Sony AIT HP SureStoreDAT40

October 17, 2001

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183 192 186

326

152

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Seco

nd

s

Average data file restore time under NT

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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Summary

• DDS technology will still be the predominant volume tape technology well into 2006

• DDS technology is still an ideal technology for entry level servers, workstations and unix servers because of its low total cost of ownership

• DDS getting a new lease of life protecting OS & Application HDDs, utilising HP’s unique OBDR capability

• When sold into the right environment DDS is a very reliable technology – especially HP DDS4

DDS

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

HP Restricted

Digital Linear Tape

DLT, DLT-VS80 and SuperDLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

HP Restricted

DLT objectives

• understand the basic technology of digital linear tape

• understand the differences between DLT, DLT VS80 and SuperDLT tape and their compatibility & interchangeability

• be capable of specifying the correct technology for different customer requirements

• provide references for further resources

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

HP Restricted

HP DLT Family - introduction

• DLT technology originally developed by DEC and then acquired by Quantum

• DLT and SuperDLT tape are Quantum developed products sold by HP as SureStore DLT and SmartStorage products

• SureStore originally aimed at the reseller marketplace for IA32 servers. SureStore will become the ‘universal product’ in Q4 ’01

• SmartStorage aimed at the enterprise HP-UX server with rack options

• Quantum sold low cost DLT design to Benchmark Systems, now marketed as DLT VS (Value Smart) range

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

HP Restricted

DLT roadmap

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

100GB

50GB

DLT2000

DLT7000

DLT4000

DLT2000XTDLT600

DLT8000

data capacity

GB(native)

DLT-1 DLT VS80

40GB 6MB/s

35GB 5MB/s 40GB 3MB/s

current products

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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HP DLT Family of products

SMART Storage

products

Enterprise servers

DLT8000

SD class

V ,N, L

and A

Mid Range & High End

Intel servers

SureStore DLT80

SureStore products

Workstations, entry level Intel servers

DLT-1 and DLT-VS80

SureStore productsDLT

October 17, 2001

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HP DLT rack solutions

SureStore Tape Array 5300

SureStore Tape Array 5500

rack solutions for PA-RISC, ia32 and ia64 servers

September ‘01

DLT80m

Ultrium 230m

DAT24m

DAT40m

DVD ROM m

Ultrium 215m

module options

DLT VS80m

TA5300

& TA5500

TA5300

only

DLT

HPSUtraining

HP RestrictedOctober 17, 2001

DDS

DAT40

DAT24

DAT40

DAT24

DLT Ultrium

Mid-range servers:LH3000L-class

Mid-range servers:LH3000L-class

Entry level servers:E800A-class

Entry level servers:E800A-class

Enterprise servers:LH6000N-classSuperdome

Enterprise servers:LH6000N-classSuperdome

DLT80

DLT-1

DLT-VS80

DLT80

DLT-1

DLT-VS80

Ultrium215230

HP current DLT portfolio positioning

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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What is DLT?

•Linear tape recording•Data is written in linear tracks down the tape

•The read-write head moves vertically to change tracks

•Helical scan recording•Rotating read-write heads

•tape wrapped around drum

•drum is set at an angle to the tape

head rotation

90° drum wrap

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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DLT technology features & benefits

• very gentle head to media interface

• head designed to self clean

• adaptive calibration techniques

• very long media and head life under extreme stress

• multi-level error detection & correction

• long head & media life

• low maintenance

• excellent interchange

• lower cost of ownership

• secure data storage

DLT

October 17, 2001

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what is DLT? - basics

•Diagram illustrates typical DLT tape path. Note the single spool cartridge.

DLT

October 17, 2001

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bottom edge of the tape

top edge of the tape

BOT EOT

read-write head

has 52 positions =

208 tracks total.

DLT– 4 channel linear recordingDLT8000 formats

read-write

head movement

head tilts

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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ScratchArea

CalibrationArea

DirectoryArea Data

BOT EOTLeader Splice

DLT tape layout

• scratch area - used to set write currents, determine the optimal tape tension.

• calibration area - used to set the vertical position of the r/w head, density detection and align with data tracks for good interchange

• directory area - used for fast search• BOT hole -physical beginning of tape (user data)• EOT hole -physical end of tape

DLT

October 17, 2001

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BOT

DLT tape III

DLT tape IIIxt

DLT tape IV

2 BOTs

Cleaning tape

2 BOTs

BOT

22.5 Ft

43.5 Ft

43.5 Ft

1 Ft Leader

DLT media recognition system

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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Head Tacho

Interposer/Write Protect Sensor

Take-upspool

Drive Hub

Leader Tape

Link buckling mechanism

BOT/EOT sensor

DLT load and unload

tape cartridge

DLT

October 17, 2001

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DLT load sequence

1. Locate Edge of Tape

2. Find Calibration Tracks from Bottom of Tape

3. Find Calibration Tracks from Top of Tape

4. Develop Write Currents in Scratch Area

5. Read Directory

6. Erase Directory

7. Stop at BOT

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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DLT performance tips - GENERIC

• SCSI transfers • should be at least 16kByte blocks• 32k blocks or bigger are preferred• use variable block mode (not fixed mode)• single large fixed blocks can work too

• Host capabilities• CPU should be Pentium II• Disks should be at least fast SCSI-2• Tape drive must have its own SCSI bus• If parallel streaming, DLTs should not share a common bus• Application (backup) software should use large buffers -

64KB in CA and Veritas

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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Drive cleaning

• cleaning should only be performed when the cleaning light is ON use the correct cleaning tape

• the cleaning light is turned on:• weak head signal during calibration

• hard (uncorrectable) read or write errors

• if the cleaning light is ON SCSI ‘request sense’ will return:cleaning request or cleaning required with status byte 18 = 81H

• use only the approved cleaning cartridge

DLT

October 17, 2001

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read head elements (4)

write head elements (8)

+/- 9deg

DLT8000 read/write head

DLT7000 and 8000 use

symmetrical phase recording

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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DLT8000 SPR1 recording format

Track 0

Track 1

Track 2

Track 3

Bottom Edge of tape

Tape Direction

Track Width 0.0445mm

DLT8000 symmetrical phase recording

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

HP Restricted

DLT8000 head tilt mechanism

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

HP Restricted

DLT8000/mechanism

read write

head assemblyDLT8000

cartridge receiver

take up spool

(modified from DLT7000)

guide rollers

tachometer

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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DLT-VS80

DLT7000

DLT8000

HP DLT front panel detail

Tape unload

button

density

select button

DLT7000/8000 LEDs:

write protect tape in use

use cleaning tape operate handle

density

LEDs

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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DLT8000/DLT VS80 technology differences

DLT4000 DLT-VS80 DLT8000

capacity (native) 20GB 40GB 40GB

transfer rate (native) 1.5MB/s 3MB/s 6MB/s

buffer 2MB 2MB 8MB

read write channels 2 4 4

number of tracks 128 168 208

recording method RLL(1,7) RLL(1,7) RLL(1,7)

interface SCSI-2 narrow SE

SCSI-3 ultra wide LVD

SCSI-3 ultra-2 wide LVD & HVD

servo system open loop open loop open loop

data compression DCLZ DCLZ DCLZ

cartridge load manual soft load manual

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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DLT8000/DLT VS80 technology differences

DLT4000 DLT-VS80 DLT8000

read-write head technology

ferrite inductive

thin film MR

ferrite inductive

head positioning system

stepper motor & leadscrew



leader attachment method

standard DLT leader

tapesense technology

standard DLT leader

form factor *extended depth

5¼ full height *

5¼ half height

5¼ full height *

HP OBDR no yes no

diagnostics self-test self-test, Tapealert

self-test, Tapealert

memory in cartridge no no no

media DLTtape™ IV

DLTtape™IV

DLTtape™ IV

DLT

October 17, 2001

HPSUtraining

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DLT8000, DLT VS80 compatibility

DLT8000 DLT VS80

reads DLT2000 DLT2000XT DLT4000 DLT7000 DLT8000

DLT4000 DLT-1

writes DLT2000 DLT2000XT DLT4000 DLT7000 DLT8000

DLT-1

media DLTtape III DLTtape IIIXT DLTtape IV

DLTtape IV

DLT

October 17, 2001

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DLT media and drive compatibility

DLTtape IIIXT DLTtape IV

DLT VS80 not supported

read only DLT4000 20GB read-write DLT-1 40GB*

DLT8000 read-write DLT2000XT 15GB

read-write DLT4000 20GB DLT7000 35GB DLT8000 40GB

*note: DLT VS80 cannot overwrite DLT4000 format

DLT

hpsu training hp restricted october 17, 2001 page 2 dds objectives provide an overview of the key...

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