how to type accents and letters with character codes · web viewone way to type spanish letters and...

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Spanish for beginners Course materials www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk [email protected] Tel: 0115 896 3784 Mobile: 07580 454585 This booklet is also available online at: http://www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/ materials/ Watch our video tutorials at: http://www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish- video-tutorials/ You can access the audio files for the listening exercises at: 1

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Page 1: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Spanish for beginners Course materials

www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk [email protected]

Tel: 0115 896 3784 Mobile: 07580 454585This booklet is also available online at:

http://www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/materials/Watch our video tutorials at:

http://www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials/

You can access the audio files for the listening exercises at:

www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/audio-recordings

1

Page 2: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

ÍndiceGreetings 4

Asking people how they are 6

Meeting people 7

Introductions 8

Asking/Saying your name, nationality and where you live 9

Marital status 13

Nationality adjectives 14

Pronunciation 18 - 26

The various ways of saying ‘you’ in Spanish 27

Numbers 0 – 99 28 - 30

Numbers 100 - 1,000,000 32 – 34

Days and months 35

Saying the time 36 - 38

The family 39 – 46

Countries 47 – 52

Ordering food and drink 60 – 73

Describing people (physical and personality) 79 – 80

Jobs 84 – 90

Giving directions 92 – 100

Prepositions 101 - 106

The alphabet 113

Booking a hotel room 116 - 120

Rooms in a house/flat 121 - 124

Furniture 125 - 127

Uses of ‘ser’ and ‘estar’ 131 - 136

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Page 3: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes

One way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has a code made up of the Alt key and a three-digit number, all of which are listed below.

To type the numbers, you must use the numeric keypad on the right side of your keyboard, not the number keys on the top row.

Á  0193 á  0225É  0201 é 0233Ñ  0209 í 0237Í  0205 ñ  0241Ó  0211 ó  0243Ú  0218 ú 0250¿ 0191 ¡ 0161

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Page 4: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Primera Unidad

Saying Hello and Goodbye

Track 1

Escucha y repite (Listen and repeat)

Formal Saludos Despedidas

When used?

Morning Buenos días. ¡Adiós!

Afternoon/Evening Buenas tardes. ¡Adiós!

Night Buenas noches. ¡Adiós!

Buenas noches.

Informal

Used any time of day Hola. Chao.

¡Hasta luego!

¡Hasta pronto!

Saludos - GreetingsSaluda a estas personas a estas horas:

Greet these people at these times:

Formal informal

4pm

9am

4

Page 5: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

11pm

6pm

11am

9pm

Despedidas – Saying farewellNow say farewell/goodbye/see you etc. to these people:

formal informal

4pm

9am

11pm

6pm

11am

9pm

Useful expressions

Yes

No

No

Gracias./Muchas gracias.

Thank you./Thank you very much.

No gracias.

No thank you.

Por favor.

Please.

Lo siento.

I’m sorry.

De nada.

You’re welcome./Don’t mention it.

Me da igual.

I don’t mind. (it’s all the same to me)

No entiendo. ¿Podrías/Podría repetir, por favor?

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Page 6: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

I don’t understand.

Could you say that again, please?

¿Podrías/Podría hablar más despacio, por favor?

Could you speak more slowly, please?

Podrías – informal Podría – formal

Asking someone how they are?

Informal (tú) version

Asking people how they are

Watch the video at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

A

¿Cómo estás? or ¿Qué tal?

_________________________________________________________

B

(Estoy) muy bien, gracias.

(Estoy) bien, gracias.

(Estoy) regular, gracias. ¿Y tú?

(Estoy) mal.

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Page 7: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

(Estoy) muy mal.

Formal (usted) version

A

¿Cómo est á ? or ¿Qué tal?

_________________________________________________________

B

Muy bien, gracias.

Bien, gracias.

Regular, gracias. ¿Y usted?

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Page 8: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Mal.

Muy mal.

Meeting someone for the first time

Watch the video at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

Informal

Hola. ¿Cómo te llamas?

Me llamo Juan. ¿Y tú?

Me llamo Sara.

Encantado.

Encantada./Igualmente.

Ahora tu turno (Now your turn)

Take turns being the celebrities below meeting for the first time. We’ve chosen people who don’t get on.

Estudiante A Estudiante B

Kate Meghan

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Page 9: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Boris Keir

Brad Angelina

Donald Barack

Introducing people

Informal

Juan, esta es Marta.

Marta, este es Juan.

Encantado.

Encantada/Igualmente.

or

Informal

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Page 10: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Juan, te presento a Marta.

Marta, te presento a Juan.

Encantado.

Encantada/Igualmente.

When somebody says Encantado/a it’s equivalent to saying Pleased to meet you in English. It literally means enchanted. It’s like saying delighted (to meet you).

If you’re a male you must always say encantado and if you’re a female you must always say encantada.

It’s the gender of the person saying it who determines which form to use, not the gender of the person they’re saying it to.

When someone says Encantado/a to you first you can say Encantado/a back to them or Igualmente. Igualmente (equally) is like saying likewise/me too.

Asking someone their name, nationality and where they live.

Informal

Hola. ¿Cómo te llamas?

Me llamo Juan.

¿De dónde eres?

Soy español.

¿Dónde vives?

Vivo en Granada.

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Page 11: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Now we’re going to look at saying these things in a formal manner.

You would use the formal version when speaking to someone considerably older than you, someone in authority or a stranger. The formal register is also used by staff in shops and restaurants when talking to customers.

Meeting someone for the first time

Formal

Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama?

Me llamo Juan Pérez. ¿Y usted?

Me llamo Sara González.

Mucho gusto.

Mucho gusto./Igualmente.

Introducing people

Formal

Señor Pérez, esta es la señora González.

Señora González, este es el señor Pérez.

Mucho gusto.

Mucho gusto/Igualmente.

or

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Page 12: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Formal

Señor Pérez, le presento a la señora González.

Señora González, le presento al señor Pérez.

Mucho gusto.

Mucho gusto/Igualmente.

When somebody says Mucho gusto it’s equivalent to saying Pleased to meet you in English but is more formal than encantado/a.

Mucho gusto is always the same regardless of gender.

When someone says Mucho gusto to you first you can say Mucho gusto back to them or Igualmente.

Asking someone their name, nationality and where they live.

Formal

Buenos días. ¿Cómo se llama (usted)?

Me llamo Juan.

¿De dónde es usted?

Soy español.

¿Dónde vive?

Vivo en Granada.

Actividad

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Page 13: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

In this activity, look at the table below. You will see 8 famous people from different countries. It doesn’t matter if you don’t know all of them. Their names and other relevant info for the activity are included.

One student chooses one of the people and pretends to be that person.

The other students take it in turns asking the 3 questions (using the informal tú form).

See the example below:

¿Cómo te llamas?

Me llamo Daniel Craig.

¿De dónde eres?

Soy ingl é s.

¿Dónde vives?

Vivo en Londres.

nombre Daniel Craig

Cristiano Ronaldo Audrey Tautou Julio Iglesias

nacionalidad inglés portugués francesa español

ciudad de residencia

Londres Turín París Miami

nombre Silvio Berlusconi

Gérard Dépardieu Penélope Cruz Angela Merkel

nacionalidad italiano francés Española alemana

ciudad de residencia

Milán Moscú Madrid Berlín

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Page 14: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Verbs that you have already seenser

(to be)

hablar

(to speak)

llamarse

(to be called)

vivir

(to live)

Yo soy hablo me llamo

(literally I call myself X)

vivo

Tú eres hablas te llamas vives

él/ella/

usted

es habla se llama vive

nosotros/as somos hablamos nos llamamos vivimos

vosotros/as sois habláis os llamáis vivís

ellos/ellas/

ustedes

son hablan se llaman viven

Talking about people in the ‘él/ella’ form

Él se llama Javier Bardem.

Es español.

Vive en Madrid.

Está casado (con Penélope Cruz).

Ella se llama Penélope Cruz.

Es española.

Vive en Madrid.

Está casada (con Javier Bardem).

Track 3

Escucha y repite

Estado civil (marital status)

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Page 15: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

masculino Feminine

casado casada married

prometido prometida engaged

divorciado divorciada divorced

separado Separada separated

soltero Soltera single (not in a relationship)

viudo viuda widowed

If you want to say you have a girlfriend/boyfriend you can say:

Tengo novio/novia.

If you prefer to say partner:

Tengo una pareja.

La pareja de Juan/Yolanda.

The word, una/la pareja, is feminine even when referring to a masculine partner.

Marco es la pareja de Susana.

Susana es la pareja de Marco.

Track 2

Escucha y repite

NacionalidadWatch the video (Nationality adjectives) at: www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

Can you guess what the adjectives below mean?

masc. fem.

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Page 16: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Inglés inglesa

francés francesa

estadounidense estadounidense

alemán alemana

español española

italiano Italiana

portugués portuguesa

If you look at the masculine forms:

When the word end in -o, change it to -a to make the feminine

When the word ends in a consonant, add an -a to make the feminine.

When the word ends in -e, the feminine is identical.

These rules apply for other adjectives, not just adjectives of nationality and marital status.

You’ll see more adjectives later in the course.

Keycasado/a soltero/a

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Page 17: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

prometido/a divorciado/a

John Michel Miguel Ángela Sarah Daniela

Birmingham Marsella Sevilla Berlín Los Ángeles Roma

Talk about the people in the table above. Each person takes it in turn saying one sentence.

The first one has been done as an example:

Se llama John. Es inglés. Vive en Birmingham. Está soltero.

Look at the table on the following page

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Page 18: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

It contains information about six people indicating the city where they live. the language(s) that they speak and their marital status.

vivir (live) hablar (speak)yo vivo hablotú vives hablasél/ella/usted vive hablanosotros/as vivimos hablamosvosotros/as vivís habláisellos/ellas/ustedes

viven hablan

Ask and answer questions about the people in the table.

Ejemplos

- ¿Quién es inglés/francés/español/alemán/estadounidense/italiano?- John es inglés.

Remember to use the masculine and feminine forms of the nationality adjectives.

- ¿Quién vive en Birmingham/Marsella/Sevilla/Berlina/Los Ángeles/Roma?- X vive en Marsella.

- ¿Quién habla inglés?- X habla inglés.- X y Y hablan inglés.

- ¿ Quién está casado/casada/soltero/soltera/divorciada/prometido?

John Michel Miguel Angela Sarah Daniela

vive en

Birmingham Marsella Sevilla Berlín Los Ángeles Roma

habla inglés francés e inglés

español e inglés

alemán, francés e inglés

inglés y español

italiano e inglés

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Page 19: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Pronunciation guideWatch the video (Pronunciation of vowels) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

Las vocales (Vowels)

Track 4

Escucha y repite

letter Spanish word As in

a Padre man

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Page 20: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

e Tengo Ten

i Fin somewhere between fin and me

o foto somewhere between fog and foe

u gusto good

Sometimes two vowels are placed together.

Track 5

Escucha y repite

ue bueno (bwenno)

ie bien (bi(y)en)

au trauma round

ei seis face

ai bailar ride

eu deuda pronounce letters separately (e + u)

oi/oy hoy boy

Las consonantes (Consonants)Watch the video (Pronunciation of consonants) at: www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

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Page 21: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

In this course we focus on European Spanish, the Spanish spoken in Spain. For Latin American Spanish pronunciation watch our video: Differences between European Spanish and Latin American Spanish pronunciation.

Track 6

Escucha y repite

When c is placed immediately before e or i it is lisped like th in think.

Otherwise it’s like an English k.

C

coche corazón Cuba

cerveza San Francisco cereales

Track 7

Escucha y repite

ch

ch in Spanish is pronounced like we say cheese, China etc. in English:

China, chico, chica, muchacho, muchacha, mucho

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Page 22: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Track 8

Escucha y repite

z is always pronounced like a soft th:

Z

Chorizo Zara

Zumo Ibiza

Track 9

Escucha y repite

j has a soft sound like the ch in Loch Ness or how people from Liverpool pronounce the ck in chicken.

J

Julio Iglesias tarjeta roja naranja Javier

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Page 23: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Track 10

Escucha y repite

when g is placed before e or i it also has a soft sound like the ch in Loch Ness or how people from Liverpool pronounce the ck in chicken.

Otherwise g has a hard sound as in the English words golf, game, go etc.

G

gato Sergio García garaje golpe

gimnasio gigante general Gibraltar

Track 11

Escucha y repite

ll sounds like y. The Spanish word for yellow (amarillo) is pronounced amariyo.

LL

paella Sevilla Estrella pollo

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Page 24: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Track 12

Escucha y repite

gue and gui sound like a hard g but gua sounds like gwa. Think of Paraguay, Uruguay.

GU

guerra guitarra Guatemala Guantánamo

Track 13

Escucha y repite

like in onion or minion

Ñ

España piña colada

niño niña baño pequeño

Track 14

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Page 25: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Escucha y repite

qu sounds like an English k.

QU

tequila queso arquitecto

Track 15

Escucha y repite

h is silent.

H

Hola

hotel helado hospital hombre

Track 16

Escucha y repite

R

“r” in Spanish is rolled/trilled. Practice saying these words:

Roberto; Ricardo, Ramón, pero, perro, naranja

V

In European Spanish, ‘v’ sounds like a ‘b’ in English. In Latin American Spanish, the ‘v’ sounds like we pronounce it in English.

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Page 26: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Letras y sonidos

Part 1

Track 17

/k/ as in car, kilo etc. or /θ/ as in think, thirty etc.

Listen to the following words and write them in the corresponding column based on the sounds of the letters in bold.

- cero - camarero - cantar - cincuenta - Zaragoza- comida - cine - qué - cuenta - cinco- colección - zumo - zoo

/k/

como casa

/θ/

como pizarra

Part 2

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Page 27: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Track 18

/x/ as in Loch Ness, Juan

or

/g/ as is Gary

- gimnasio - jefe - Jiménez - general- jugar - gol - joven - gas- guerra - guitarra - jamón - gusto

/x/

como jamón

/g/

como gato

Word stressWatch the video (Syllable stress) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

Words ending in n, s or a vowel: the penultimate syllable is stressed.When this rule is not applied, an acute accent appears over the stressed syllable.

2 syllables

China café

Gales inglés

padre jamón

3 syllables

Irlanda médico

hermana Málaga

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Page 28: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

cantante Canadá

4 syllables

arquitecto mecánico

cocinero Pen é lope

Argentina teléfono

5 syllables

estudiante

empanadilla

Words ending in a consonant other than n or s: the last syllable is stressed. When this rule is not applied, an acute accent appears over the stressed syllable.

Madrid portátil

profesor m ó vil

conductor azúcar

pintor Pérez

escritor Cádiz

Portugal Jérez

Brasil

favor

catedral

hotel

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Page 29: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

hospital

ciudad

capital

felicidad

The 5 ways of saying you in SpanishIn English we only have one way of saying you. Whether you are speaking to one or more people it’s you. In certain parts of the UK (I’m thinking Liverpool, Glasgow, Belfast) you will hear the plural youze. In English we can also say, both of you, all of you, all three of you etc. so there are other ways that we can make ‘you’ plural.

In Spanish the word you use depends on whether you’re talking to one person or more and whether you’re being polite/formal or informal.

The different ways of saying you in Spanish.

Informal singular Formal singular

tú usted

Used when addressing:

- Friends- Children- Classmates- Family- Pets- In general anyone who addresses you

Used when addressing:

- Strangers.- People whom you wish to show respect.- An older person who you want to show respect (for example your friend's grandfather)

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Page 30: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

using tú. - An honourable figure or an authority.- A public audience (using ustedes)

Informal plural (all male or mixed) Informal plural (all female)

Formal plural

vosotros vosotras ustedes

or

Track 19

Escucha y repite

Numbers from 0 to 10

Watch the video (Numbers from 0 to 19) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

0 cero

1 uno

2 dos

3 tres

4 cuatro

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Page 31: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

5 cinco

6 seis

7 siete

8 ocho

9 nueve

10 diez

- ¿Cuál es tu número de teléfono?- Mi número de teléfono es el cero – siete – ocho etc.

Take it in turns asking your partner their phone number.

Numbers from 11 to 19

Track 20

Escucha y repite

11 once

12 doce

13 trece

14 catorce

15 quince

16 dieciséis

17 diecisiete

18 dieciocho

19 diecinueve

With your partner, take it in turns asking the ages of the children in the table below.

- ¿Cuántos años tiene Juan?- Tiene once años.

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Page 32: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

With your partner, take turns asking the age of the children below.

Juan 11

María 12

Antonio 13

Sergio 14

Susana 15

Pablo 16

Carolina 17

Roberto 18

Said 19

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Page 33: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

Track 21

Escucha y repite

Watch the video (Numbers from 20 to 100) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

20 veinte

21 veintiuno

22 veintidós

23 veintitrés

24 veinticuatro

25 veinticinco

26 veintiséis

30 treinta

31 treinta y uno

32 treinta y dos

40 cuarenta

41 cuarenta y uno

42 cuarenta y dos

50 cincuenta

60 sesenta

70 setenta

80 ochenta

90 noventa

100 cien

Write these numbers in Spanish:

a) 36 –b) 24 –c) 91 –d) 23 –e) 87 –f) 65 –g) 77 –

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h) 58 –

ActividadCreate an indentityHombres

nombre John | David | Peter | Robert | Michael

ciudad Birmingham | Manchester | Liverpool | Newcastle | Bristol

profesión camarero | bombero | profesor| médico | arquitecto

estado civil casado | divorciado | soltero

edad 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45

Mujeres

nombre Sarah | Jane | Carol | Lisa | Rebecca

ciudad Birmingham | Manchester | Liverpool | Newcastle | Bristol

profesión peluquera | profesora | abogada | médica | arquitecta

estado civil casada | divorciada | soltera

edad 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45

Using the tables above, create a new identity for yourself. Choose a name, city where you live, profession, marital status and age.

With your partner, take it in turns asking questions as in the example below:

¿Cómo te llamas?

Me llamo David.

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Page 35: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

¿Dónde vives?

Vivo en Bristol.

¿Cuál es tu profesión?

Soy camarero.

¿Estás casado?

Sí, estoy casado.

¿Cuántos años tienes?

Tengo 40 años.

Numbers from 100 to 1000

Watch the video (Numbers from 100 to 1000) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

Track 22

Escucha y repite

100 – cien

For numbers from 101 to 199 we use ‘ciento’:

101 - ciento uno

109 - ciento nueve

110 - ciento diez

121 - ciento veintiuno

From 200 to 999 we use ‘cientos’ to represent multiple ‘hundreds’. Qininientos is the exception.

The number will be masculine …cientos or feminine …cientas depending on whether you’re the things you’re referring to are masculine or feminine.

200 doscientos/as

300 trescientos/as

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Page 36: How to Type Accents and Letters with Character Codes · Web viewOne way to type Spanish letters and punctuation marks is to use character codes. Each character in your computer has

400 cuatrocientos/as

500 quinientos/as

600 seiscientos/as

700 setecientos/as

800 ochocientos/as

900 novecientos/as

Ejemplos

doscientos hombres – 200 men

doscientas mujeres – 200 women

trescientos coches – 300 cars

trescientas casas – 300 houses

This can even be seen when talking about money:

quinientos dólares – 500$

quinientos euros – 500€

but

quinientas libras - 500£

libras (pounds) is feminine whereas dollars and euros are masculine.

In English when you want to say a number that includes ‘hundred’ we use ‘and’ after the hundreds.

a hundred and nine

a hundred and twenty-one

four hundred and thirty-five

The corresponding Spanish versions are:

ciento nueve (not ‘ciento y nueve’)

Literally ‘one hundred nine’

ciento veintidós (not ‘ciento y veintidós’)

Literally ‘one hundred twenty-two’

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cuatrocientos treinta y cinco (not ‘cuatrocientos y treinta y cinco’)

Literally ‘four hundred thirty-five’

Here are some more examples

110 ciento diez

220 doscientos veinte

225 doscientos veinticinco

305 trescientos cinco

330 trescientos treinta

352 trescientos cincuenta y dos

444 cuatrocientos cuarenta y cuatro

555 quinientos cincuenta y cinco

Write these numbers in Spanish:

a) 148 -b) 765 -c) 987 -d) 342 -e) 555 -f) 446 -g) 960 -h) 223 –

La distancia entre Madrid y….Say the distances from Madrid to these cities:

Barcelona está a quinientos cuatro kilómetros de Madrid.

As kilómetros is masculine, you will use the ‘-cientos’ version of numbers from 200 to 999.

Barcelona 504 km

Valencia 302 km

Sevilla 390 km

Zaragoza 274km

Málaga 415 km

Bilbao 322 km

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Alicante 360 km

Valladolid 162 km

La Coruña 508 km

Los días y los meses

Watch the video (Days, month and saying the date) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

Tracks 23 & 24

Escucha y repite

Days Monthsdomingo Sunday enero January

lunes Monday febrero February

martes Tuesday marzo Marchmiércoles Wednesday abril April

jueves Thursday mayo May

viernes Friday junio June

sábado Saturday julio July

    agosto Augustseptiembre September

octubre October

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noviembre November

diciembre December

Saying the date in Spanish

The first of May. – El uno de mayo. The 28th of June. – El veintiocho de junio.

When you say the day and date you lose the word “el” before the number.

Compare:

The second of April. – El dos de abril.

with

Saturday the second of April. – Sábado dos de abril.

Exercise

Write these dates in Spanish:

a) 25 December -b) 11 November -c) 16 May -d) 28 February -e) 9 April -f) 15 September -g) 19 March -h) 1 January –

¿Qué hora es?Watch the video (Telling the time) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

de la mañana in the morning

de la tarde in the afternoon/in the evening

de la noche at night

12.00 – Es mediodía.

00.00 – Es medianoche.

6.00 Son las seis.

6.05 Son las seis y cinco.

6.10 Son las seis y diez.

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6.15 Son las seis y cuarto.

6.20 Son las seis y veinte.

6.25 Son las seis y veinticinco.

6.30 Son las seis y media.

6.35 Son las siete menos veinticinco.

6.40 Son las siete menos veinte.

6.45 Son las siete menos cuarto.

6.50 Son las siete menos diez.

6.55 Son las siete menos cinco.

7.00 Son las siete.

Write these times is Spanish. The first one has been done as an example;

a) 8.30 – Son las ocho y media.b) 4.20 –c) 7.15 – d) 5.40 –e) 2.25 –f) 3.30 –g) 9.45 –h) 10.55 –i) 6.05 –j) 8.10 –k) 4.35 –l) 9.30 –

If we express the time using the 24-hour clock, both 06.00 and 18.00 can be expressed as ‘Son las seis’. To give more information we can say:

Son las seis de la mañana.

and

Son las seis de la tarde.

Now write these times both ways using ‘de la mañana/de la tarde/de la noche’.

The first one has been done as an example.

1. 11.30/23.30

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Son las once y media de la mañana.

Son las once y media de la noche.

2. 10.35/22.353. 04.00/16.004. 05.15/17.155. 03.20/15.206. 07.00/19.00

¿A qué hora?

a la una

but

a las dos/a las tres/a las cuatro…

Ejemplo

Me levanto a las siete. I get up at 7 o’clock.

me levanto – I get up

desayuno– I have breakfast

almuerzo – I have lunch

ceno – I have dinner

me acuesto – I go to bed

Ask your partner what time they do these things?

- ¿A qué hora te levantas?- Me levanto…

- ¿A qué hora desayunas?- Desayuno…..

- ¿A qué hora almuerzas?- Almuerzo……………..

- ¿A qué hora cenas?- Ceno……………..

- ¿A qué hora te acuestas?- Me acuesto ……………..

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La familiaWatch the video (Family vocab 1) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

Track 25

Escucha y repite

el padre (father) la madre (mother)

el marido (husband) la mujer (wife)

el hijo (son) la hija (daughter)

el hermano (brother) la hermana (sister)

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First we’re going to just look at the main family:

Homero = Marge

Bart Lisa Maggie

We want to describe the people in terms of their relationship to Homer.

For example:

Bart is Homer’s son.

In Spanish, they don’t have ’s to indicate possession so they have to say:

Bart is the son of Homer.

Bart es el hijo de Homero.

Now complete these sentences.

Marge es __________________ de Homero.

Lisa es ______________________ de Homero.

Now we’re going to look at Maggie:

Homero es ______________________ de Maggie.

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Marge es ________________________ de Maggie.

Bart es ________________________ de Maggie.

Lisa es ___________________________ de Maggie.

More family vocab

Watch the video (More family vocab) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

Here’s some more family vocab:

Track 26

Escucha y repite

el tío (uncle) la tía (aunt)

el primo (male cousin) la prima (female cousin)

el sobrino (nephew) la sobrina (niece)

el abuelo (grandfather) la abuela (grandmother)

el nieto (grandson) la nieta (granddaughter)

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1. Bart es ________________________ de Herb.2. Herb es __________________________ de Lisa.3. Lisa es __________________________ de Ling.4. Abe es _______________________ de Maggie.5. Clancy es _____________________ de Ling.6. Bart es _____________________de Mona.7. Mona es _____________________ de Lisa.8. Patty es ______________________ de Bart.

Cuidado

mi padre = my father

mis padres = my parents

mi abuelo = my grandfather

mis abuelos = my grandparents

mi suegro = my father-in-law

mis suegros = my in-laws

hijo = son

tengo dos hijos = I have two sons

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but

¿Tienes hijos? = Do you have any children?

hermano = brother

tengo dos hermanos = I have two brothers

but

¿Tienes hermanos? = Do you have brothers and sisters?

Take it in turns asking your partner?

¿Tienes hijos?

¿Tienes hermanos?

Ejemplo

¿Tienes hijos?

Sí, tengo dos hijos. (Yes, I have two sons).

Sí, tengo un hijo y una hija.

No, no tengo hijos.

¿Tienes hermanos?

Sí, tengo un hermano y una hermana.

Sí, tengo dos hermanas.

No, no tengo hermanos.

When you answer how many siblings you have you will specify how many brothers and sisters you have so

‘tengo dos hermanos’ means ‘I have two brothers’, it doesn’t mean ‘I have two siblings’.

How to say that you are an only child.

Soy hijo único. Soy hija única.

My big/little brother/sister

Mi hermano/hermana mayor.

Mi hermano/hermana menor.

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mayor = bigger

menor = smaller

compare with major and minor in English. This is the reasons for names of the Balearic islands Mallorca and Menorca.

When you say ‘hijos’ in a sentence it means sons. In a question it can mean sons or children. The same with hermanos. In a sentence it means brothers, in a question it can also mean siblings.

¿Tienes hijos?

To summarise, masculine plural family nouns like padres, hijos, hermanos, abuelos, tíos, suegros can mean two things. The second meaning is general and means both masculine and feminine.

padres Fathers parents

hijos Sons children (sons and daughters)

hermanos brothers siblings (brothers and sisters)

abuelos grandfathers grandparents (grandfather and grandmother as a couple)

tíos uncles uncle and aunt (couple)

suegros fathers-in-law in-laws (mother and father-in-law as a couple)

¿hermanos? ¿hermanas? ¿hijos? ¿hijas?

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John 1 1 1 1

Michel 2 0 0 2

Miguel 1 2 2 0

Angela 0 0 0 1

Sarah 0 3 0 0

Daniela 1 0 3 0

¿John tiene hermanos? ¿John tiene hijos?

tener – to have

yo tengo nosotros/as tenemostú tienes vosotros/as tenéisél/ella/usted tiene ellos/ellas/ustedes tienen

Ejemplos- ¿John tiene hemanos?- Tiene un hermano y una hermana.

- ¿Ángela tiene hijos?- Tiene una hija.

To say that someone doesn’t have siblings/children:No tiene hermanos/hijos.

Even more family vocab

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It’s easy to say stepfather, stepmother, stepson etc. in Spanish. Take the words padre/madre/hijo/hija/hermano/hermana, remove the vowel at the end of the word then add -astro for males and -astra for females.

Track 27

Escucha y repite

Stepfather, stepmother etc.

el padrastro la madrastra

el hijastro la hijastra

el hermanastro la hermanastra

The ‘in-laws’ are more difficult as they are nothing like padre/madre/hijo/hija etc. Sorry, you’ll just have to learn them.

Track 28

Escucha y repite

In-laws

el suegro la suegra

el yerno la nuera

el cuñado la cuñada

mi/mis tu/tus su/sus

singular plural

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My mi hermano mis hermanos

Your tu hermano tus hermanos

his/her/your (formal) su hermano sus hermanos

‘su’ and ‘sus’ can mean his/her. They can also mean ‘your’ when using the formal versions ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’.

So if I’m talking to a friend I’d say:

¿Cómo se llama tu hermano?

¿Cómo se llaman tus hijos?

but if I’m speaking to a stranger or someone to whom I have to show more respect I’d say:

¿Cómo se llama su hermano?

¿Cómo se llaman sus hijos?

Este es Homero.

1. Marge es su mujer.

2. Bart es su _______________.

3. Ling es su _______________.

4. Lisa y Maggie son sus _______________.

5. Patty y Selma son sus _______________.

6. Abe y Mona son sus _______________.

7. Clancy y Jacqueline son sus _______________.

8. Herb es su ________________.

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Esta es Lisa.

1. Homero y Marge son sus padres.

2. Bart es su _______________.

3. Maggie es su _______________.

4. Clancy y Jaqueline son sus _______________ maternos.

5. Herb es su _______________.

6. Ling es su _______________.

7. Patty y Selma son sus _______________.

8. Abe y Mona son sus _______________ paternos.

Countries and nationality adjectives

Watch the video (Countries) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

Track 29

Escucha y repite

We can group countries and nationalities according to their nationality adjectives.

As we have already seen, adjectives have to agree in terms of gender:

If you look at the masculine forms:

When the word end in -o, change it to -a to make the feminine

Here are some examples:

Country Masc. Fem.

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Italia italiano italiana

Polonia polaco polaca

Brasil brasileño brasileña

Rusia ruso rusa

Australia australiano australiana

Suiza suizo suiza

Suecia sueco sueca

India indio india

México mexicano mexicana

Colombia colombiano colombiana

Argentina argentino argentina

Chile chileno chilena

Perú peruano peruana

Uruguay uruguayo uruguaya

Cuba cubano cubana

Venezuela venezolano venezolana

Gran Bretaña británico británica

When the masculine singular form ends in a consonant (español, inglés, alemán etc.), add an -a to make the feminine:

Country Masc. Fem.

Francia francés francesa

España español española

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Alemania alemán alemana

Portugal portugués portuguesa

Inglaterra inglés inglesa

Irlanda irlandés irlandesa

Escocia escocés escocesa

Gales galés galesa

Holanda holandés holandesa

Dinamarca danés danesa

Finlandia finlandés Finlandesa

Japón japonés Japonesa

When the masculine singular form ends in –e or -a, the feminine is identical.

There are also some adjectives which end –í, these are also the same for both masculine and feminine.

Country Masc. Fem.

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Bélgica belga belga

Croacia croata croata

Vietnam vietnamita vietnamita

Los Estados Unidos

estadounidense estadounidense

Canadá canadiense canadiense

Marruecos marroquí marroquí

Pakistán paquistaní paquistaní

Irán iraní iraní

Israel israelí israelí

Write about where the people in the table below live as in the example:

Daniel Craig vive en Londres, en Inglaterra.

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Daniel Craig

Cristiano Ronaldo Audrey Tautou Julio Iglesias

Londres Turín París Miami

Silvio Berlusconi

Gérard Dépardieu Penélope Cruz Angela Merkel

Milán Moscú Madrid Berlín

Asking where people are from

For example:

¿De dónde es Gérard Dépardieu? (Where is Gérard Dépardieu from?)

You can say:

Es de Francia. (He’s from France.)

or

Es francés. (He’s French.)

Ask your partner where some of these people are from? Take it in turns. Each person asks 5 times.

Sophia Loren es de Italia.

Or

Sophia Loren es italiana.

Think of where you’re from, you can say:

Soy de + country

or

Soy + nationality adjective

Take it in turns asking your partner where the people below are from using the question:

¿De dónde es (person’s name)?

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Answer using the correct nationality adjective.

Gérard Dépardieu es francés.

Audrey Tautou es francesa.

Silvio Berlusconi es Sophia Loren es

Lech Wałęsa es Marie Curie era

Javier Bardem Penélope Cruz

Jürgen Klopp Ángela Merkel

José Mourinho María de Madeiros

Pelé Gisele Bündchen

Vladimir Putin Maria Sharapova

David Bowie era La reina Isabel

Mel Gibson Nicole Kidman

Hercule Poirot Kim Clijsters

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Graham Norton Sinead O’Connor

Frankie Boyle Nicola Sturgeon

Tom Jones Catherine Zeta Jones

Barack Obama Madonna

Leonard Cohen era Céline Dion

Johann Cruyff era Famke Janssen

Sepp Blatter Úrsula Andress

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GramáticaVerbos VerbsAn important verb to learn. It is used to talk about who you are, what you do, and where you are from.

Ser to be

(yo) soy I am

(tú) eres you are

(él/ella/usted) es he/she/it is, you (formal) are

(nosotros/as) somos we are

(vosotros/as) sois you are

(ellos/ellas/ustedes) son they, you (formal) are

Tener to have

(yo) tengo I have

(tú) tienes you have

(él/ella/usted) tiene he/she/it has, you (formal) have

Llamarse to be called

(yo) me llamo I am called

(tú) te llamas you are called

(él/ella/usted) se llama he/she/it is called, you (formal) are called

The verb llamar on its own means ‘to call’, but when you add se it means ‘to be called’, so it’s used for names.

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Watch the video (Pronouns…) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

Pronombres personales (sujeto) Personal pronouns (subject)

yo I

tú you

él he

ella she

usted you (formal)

nosotros/as we

vosotros/as you (plural)

ellos/ellas they

ustedes you (formal)

These go before the verb as in English but are not often used in normal conversation apart from for emphasis.

A: Soy de Barcelona. A: I’m from Barcelona.

B: ¿Ah sí? Yo soy de Barcelona también. B: Oh yes? I’m from Barcelona too.

Masculino y femenino Masculine and feminineMost masculine nouns end in -o: libro

Most feminine nouns end in -a: casa

But many have different endings. For example:

tarde is feminine

noche is feminine

For people and animals, nouns ending in -o for masculine change to -a for feminine:

camarero – camarera

gato – gata

But nouns ending in a vowel other than -o don’t change:

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recepcionista (m/f)

estudiante (m/f)

Nouns ending in a consonant add -a at the end of the masculine form.

profesor/profesora

señor/señora

El artículo definido The definite articleWhereas the definite article in English is one word for everything (‘the’), in Spanish it changes depending on the gender and the number of the noun it refers to.

el hijo the son los hijos the sons/children

la hija the daughter las hijas the daughters

Adjetivos posesivos Possessive adjectivesThese are used to talk about who things belong to and are the same as ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘his’, ‘her’ in English. Note that they change in the plural.

mi/mis my

mi hermano/mis hermanos my brother/my brothers (and sisters)

tu padre/tus padres your father/your parents

su hermana/sus hermanas his/her sister/his/her sisters

‘de’ posesivo Possessive ‘de’In Spanish, instead of saying ‘Ana’s father’, you say ‘the father of Ana’.

El padre de Ana Ana’s father

Plurales PluralsWords ending in a vowel add -s at the end of the word to form the plural:

recepcionista → recepcionistas

Words ending in a consonant add -es in the plural:

profesor → profesores

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VocabularioNombres y saludos Names and greetingsHola! Hello!

Adiós Goodbye

Buenos días Good morning

Buenas tardes Good afternoon/Good evening

Buenas noches Good night

¿Cómo te llamas? What’s your name? (informal)

¿Cómo se llama (usted)? What’s your name? (formal)

¿Cómo se llama? What’s his/her name?

Me llamo… My name is…

Mucho gusto Pleased to meet you (lit.: Great pleasure)

¿Qué tal? How are you?

¿Y tú? And you?

Este (m)/esta (f) this

Títulos Titlesel señor Mr

la señora Mrs/Ms

la señorita Miss

señor (Sr.) sir

señora (Sra.) madam/Mrs

señorita (Srta.) miss

Países y nacionalidades Countries and nationalitiesAlemania Germany

Argentina Argentina

Brasil Brazil

China China

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Colombia Columbia

Corea Korea

Escocia Scotland

España Spain

Francia France

Gales Wales

Holanda Holland

Inglaterra England

Irlanda Ireland

Italia Italy

Japón Japan

México Mexico

Portugal Portugal

Rumanía Romania

alemán/alemana German

americano/americana American

argentino/argentina Argentinian

brasileño/brasileña Brazilian

británico/británica British

chino/china Chinese

colombiano/colombiana Columbian

coreano/coreana Korean

escocés/escocesa Scottish

español/española Spanish

francés/francesa French

galés/galesa Welsh

holandés/holandesa Dutch

inglés/inglesa English

irlandés/irlandesa Irish

italiano/italiana Italian

japonés/japonesa Japanese

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mexicano/mexicana Mexican

norteamericano/norteamericana North American

portugués/portuguesa Portuguese

rumano/rumana Romanian

La familia The familyhermano brother

hermanos brothers (and sisters)

hermana sister

hijo son

hija daughter

hijos children

madre mother

marido husband

mujer wife (woman)

padre father

padres parents

tener to have

Palabras útiles Useful wordscuál which

de of

de dónde where from

dónde where

qué what

quién who

tú you (informal)

usted you (formal)

y and

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Spanish Homonyms: Same Pronunciation, Different Meaning

Accent marks are also used in Spanish to differentiate between words that are pronounced (and therefore spelled) the same but that have different meanings: homonyms.

Here are some examples of common Spanish homonyms:

     de (preposition: of, from)     dé (third-person singular subjunctive form of dar – to give)     el (masculine article: the)     él (he)     mas (but)     más (more)     se (reflexive and indirect object pronoun)     sé (I know)     si (if)     sí (yes)      te (object: you)      té: (tea)      tu (your)      tú (subject: you)Accents on Spanish Question Words

Spanish accents are also found on all interrogative words when used in a question, indirect question or embedded question.

     ¿Quién? (Who?)     ¿Qué? (What? / Which?)     ¿Dónde? (Where?)     ¿Cuándo? (When?)     ¿Por qué? (Why?)     ¿Cómo? (How?)     ¿Cuál? (Which?)     ¿Cuánto? (How much/many?)

When these words occur in sentences which aren’t questions, the accent is lost.- No sé donde vive Juan. (I don’t know where Juan lives.)- Llamé a Roberto cuando llegué a casa. (I phones Roberto when I arrived

home.)

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Segunda Unidad

Ordering food and drink in bars and restaurantsWatch the video (Ordering food and drink) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

¿Qué quieres tomar?

Las comidas

Track 30

Escucha y repite

ensalada patatas fritas queso empanadillas pollo sopa

olivas jamón sardinas pan calamares paella

Write these words under the corresponding picture.

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Las bebidas

Track 31

Escucha y repite

vino blanco vino tinto café con leche agua mineral cortado

té café solo cerveza zumo de naranja

Write the words under the corresponding picture.

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En el bar

Track 32

Carl (el guiri) en un bar

Escucha el diálogo y contesta las preguntas.

Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions.

1. What does the customer order to start with?2. What does he say when he orders?3. What does the waiter ask him next?

Cliente Hola

Camarera Buenos días. ¿Qué quiere tomar?

Cliente Quiero un café con leche, por favor.

Camarera ¿Algo más?

Cliente ¿Hay bocadillos?

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Camarera Sí. Hay bocadillos de jamón, de queso, de calamares..

Cliente ¿Hay bocadillos de atún?

Camarera Sí, hay.

Cliente Bueno, un bocadillo de atún.

Camarera ¿Algo más?

Cliente No, nada más. ¿Cuánto es?

Camarera Siete euros, por favor.

Conjugation of the verb querer (to want)

yo quiero

tú quieres

él/ella/usted quiere

nosotros/as queremos

vosotros/as queréis

ellos/ellas/ustedes Quieren

Quiero un café con leche.

Quiero una cerveza.

When saying what we want we can say:

Masculine Feminine

Quiero café.

or

Quiero cerveza.

or

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Quiero un café. Quiero una cerveza.

We can use un/una.

Sometimes you’re asking for something which is plural so we don’t use un/una:

Quiero olivas.

Quiero calamares.

Other things which can never be plural (queso, paella) you would say:

Quiero queso.

Quiero paella.

Sometimes we can use ‘una ración de’ meaning ‘a portion of’ so we can say:

Quiero olivas.

Quiero queso.

or

Quiero una ración de olivas.

Quiero una ración de queso.

When you ask your friend(s) at the table with you what they want you’d use the informal (tú or vosotros/as) forms of querer:

talking to one person talking to 2 or more people

¿Qué quieres? ¿Qué queréis?

¿Quieres vino? ¿Queréis vino?

However, when the waiter/waitress (camarero/a) asks you what you want they will use the formal (usted/ustedes) versions of the verb.

When talking to one customer:

¿Qué quiere tomar/comer/beber? (What do you want to have/eat/drink?)

When talking to two or more customers:

¿Qué quieren tomar/comer/beber?

Take it in turns asking your partner if they want the following items in the pictures below. Your partner will answer either ‘Sí, por favor.’ or ‘No, gracias.’. The first one has been done as an example.

- ¿Quieres un café con leche? - ¿Quieres una cerveza?

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- Sí, por favor.

- No, gracias.

una cerveza un café con leche un whisky un vino blanco

un zumo de naranja

una tónica un agua mineral un té

¿Quieres un café con leche o un cortado?

Take it in turns asking your partner which of the two items they want. The first one has been done as an example.

- ¿Quieres un café con leche o un cortado?- Quiero un cortado.

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1

un café con leche un cortado

2

un vino blanco un vino tinto

3

un agua mineral con gas un agua mineral sin gas

4

un zumo de naranja un zumo de manzana

5

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un té con leche un té con limón

6

una cerveza un whisky

¿Hay calamares?

Of The 12 items listed, only 6 of them are still available on the menu.

Calamares atún Tortilla bocadillos

Queso chorizo Jamón empanadilla

patatas fritas ensalada croquetas pollo

Student A

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Randomly cross out 6 of the above items and your partner will ask you what is available as in the examples below.

Student B

Ask your partner if the items above are available as in the examples below.

When you have finished, swap roles.

- ¿Hay chorizo?

- Sí, hay chorizo.

- ¿Hay patatas fritas?

- No, no hay patatas fritas.

Hay……..

¿Hay…..?

¿Qué hay?

There is/There are………….

Is there/Are there…….?

What is there?

Ordering a meal in a restaurant

MENÚ DEL DÍA

Primer plato Postre

Ensalada mixta Helado

Albóndigas Tarta de Santiago

Croquetas Crema Catalana

Segundo plato Bebidas

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Pollo con ensalada Agua mineral (con/sin gas)

Paella de marisco Vino (tinto/blanco)

Carne con patatas fritas Cerveza

Café (solo, cortado, con leche)

entrantes/primer plato – starter segundo plato/plato principal – main course

Completa el diálogo con las palabras del cuadro. Después, escucha y comprueba.

Complete the dialogue with the words from the box. Then listen and check.

Track 33

Read the dialogue below and put these words in the correct place.

Then listen and check.

por favor segundo beber

Quiere cuenta quiero

Cortado primero helado

Camarera Hola, Buenos días. ¿Qué ___________ comer?

Cliente El menú del día, por favor.

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Camarera ¿Qué quiere de _______________?

Cliente _____________ croquetas.

Camarera Muy bien. ¿Y de _____________?

Cliente Quiero paella de marisco.

Camarera ¿Qué quiere ____________?

Cliente Una cerveza, ____________.

Camarera ¿San Miguel o Estrella?

Cliente San Miguel.

Camarera ¿Quiere postre?

Cliente Quiero ___________.

Camarera ¿Quiere café?

Cliente Sí, un ________, por favor. ¿Tiene azúcar?

Camarera Si, aquí tiene.

Cliente La _________ por favor.

Look at the menu below and the dialogue that follows it

MENÚ DEL DÍA

Primer plato

Ensalada mixta

Sopa

Macarrones

Aceitunas

Croquetas

Postre

Crema Catalana

Tarta de Santiago

Merengue

Arroz con leche

Helado

Fruta del tiempo

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Segundo plato

Pollo con ensalada

Pescado

Carne con patatas fritas

Paella

Salchichas

Tortilla de patatas

Flan

Churros con chocolate

Bebidas

Agua mineral con gas

Agua mineral sin gas

Zumo de naranja

Zumo de manzana

Vino tinto

Vino blanco

Vino rosado

Cerveza

Café solo

Café cortado

Café con leche

At the restaurantPráctica

With your partner, do the role-play. Take it in turns being camarero/a and cliente.

Before starting, choose a starter, main, drink, dessert and coffee/tea from the menu on the previous page.

Hola. ¿Qué quiere de primero?

tú Quiero ___________, por favor.

Muy bien. ¿Y de segundo?

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tú _______________

¿Qué quiere beber?

tú Quiero _________________.

¿De postre?

tú _______________________

¿Quiere café?

tú Sí, por favor, ___________./ No, gracias.

¿Quiere algo más?

No gracias, nada más.

¿Me trae la cuenta por favor?

Ordering food and drink in a bar (Summary)Hola. ¿Qué quiere tomar?

Quiero un zumo de naranja.

¿Algo más?

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¿Qué tapas hay?

Hay olivas, jamón, chorizo, queso, sardinas….

Quiero una ración de olivas, por favor.

¿Algo más?

¿Qué bocadillos hay?

Tenemos bocadillos de jamón, de queso, de atún y de calamares.

Bueno….un bocadillo de calamares, por favor.

¿Quiere algo más?

No gracias, nada más. ¿Cuánto es?

Diez euros.

En el restaurante (Summary)

Camarero/a Cliente

Hola, buenos días. ¿Qué quiere/n comer?

El menú del día, por favor.

¿Qué quiere/n de primer plato? Quiero ………………..

Or

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Para mí, …………………

Yo,………………………

…………., por favor.

¿Y de segundo plato? Quiero/Para mí …………………….

¿Qué quiere/n beber? …………………., por favor.

¿De postre? Quiero/Para mí……………………

¿Quiere/n café? Sí, un…………….

¿Algo más? No, nada más, gracias.

La cuenta, por favor.

When the waiter/waitress asks you what you want there are a number of ways of answering and it’s best to vary the way you answer to avoid being repetitive.

Camarero/a

¿Qué quiere/n comer?

Cliente

(Yo) quiero calamares.

Para mí, calamares.

Yo, calamares.

Calamares, por favor.

You can only use Para mí and Yo,……. when there is more than one customer, (when you aren’t alone).

When you just say:

Calamares, por favor.

It can sound a little blunt so you need the por favor to make it sound gentler.

Otras comidas (other food)

Carnes (meats)

cordero – lamb

carne de vaca – beef (literally meat of cow)

bistec – steak

cerdo – pork (literally pig)

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ternera - veal

Carne de ave – poultry (literally bird meat)

pavo – turkey

pato – duck

ganso – goose

paloma – pigeon

Mariscos - Seafood

bacalao – cod

merluza – hake

gambas – prawns

mejillones – mussels

langosta – lobster

cangrejo - crab

Verduras - greens

garbanzos - chickpeas

zanahoria - carrot

guisantes - peas

coliflor - cauliflower

lechuga - lettuce

tomate - tomato

cebolla - onion

col - cabbage

champiñones - mushrooms

ajo - garlic

Frutas

fresa - strawberry

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frambuesas - raspberries

melocotón - peach

pera - pear

uvas - grapes

Other

sal - salt

pimiento - pepper

vinagre - vinegar

salsa - sauce

caldo – broth/stock

guisado – stew/casserole

GramáticaVerbos VerbsThere are three types of infinitive verb endings: - ar (trabajar = to work); - er (comer = to eat); - ir (vivir = to live).

Here are two examples of – er and – ir verbs:

Querer to want

(yo) quiero I want

(tú) quieres you want

(él/ella/usted) quiere he/she/it wants, you (formal) want

(nosotros/as) queremos we want

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(vosotros/as) queréis you (plural) want

(ellos/ellas/ustedes) quieren they want, you (formal) want

Vivir to live

(yo) vivo I live

(tú) vives you live

(él/ella/usted) vive he/she/it lives, you (formal) live

(nosotros/as) vivimos we live

(vosotros/as) vivís you (plural) live

(ellos/ellas/ustedes) viven they live, you (formal) live

Note that the verb querer is used to say ‘I’d like’, ‘What would you like?’, etc.

Quiero una tónica. I’d like a tonic.

¿(Tú) quieres un té? Would you like a tea?

¿(Usted) quiere un café? Would you like a coffee?

Vivo en Londres. I live in London

¿Dónde vives? Where do you live?

¿Dónde vive (usted)? Where do you live?

El artículo indefinido The indefinite article

un/una/unos/unas

You saw examples of the definite article ‘the’ (el/la/los/las) in Lesson 1. Here are examples of the indefinite article ‘a’ or ‘an’. Note that in the plural form, the indefinite article can be used for ‘some’.

un/una → a un bocadillo a sandwich

una tónica a tonic

unos/unas → some unos bocadillos some sandwiches

unas tónicas some tonics

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In some instances, the article can be omitted in the plural but it is still translated as ‘some’.

Quiero bocadillos. I’d like some sandwiches.

Note what happens to the meaning when the article is dropped in the singular:

Quiero una cerveza. I’d like a beer.

Quiero cerveza. I’d like beer.

Hay there is / there areHay is the only form of the verb haber used as an independent form in Spanish. It means ‘there is’ or ‘there are’ and is also easy to use as a question word or as a negative:

Hay café. There’s coffee.

Hay bocadillos. There are sandwiches.

¿Hay café? Is there (any) coffee?

No hay bocadillos. There aren’t (any) sandwiches.

NoRemember that in Spanish it is very simple to make a negative. Simply add no before the verb:

No quiero café. I don’t want (any) coffee.

No tengo café. I don’t have (any) coffee.

DeThis word has many meanings; here, it is used to describe a type of something:

un bocadillo de jamón a ham sandwich (lit. ‘a sandwich of ham’)

un zumo de naranja an orange juice (lit. ‘a juice of orange’)

Verbo

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tener to have (used to say your age)

This verb is used to say what you have (e.g. Tengo dos hermanos), but can also be used to ask and say someone’s age.

¿Cuántos años tienes? How old are you? (lit. ‘How many years do you have?’)

Tengo 20 años. I am 20. (lit. ‘I have 20 years.’)

VocabularioEn el bar In the baragua (f) (mineral) (con/sin gas) (sparkling/non-sparkling) (mineral) water

azúcar (m) sugar

bebidas drinks

café (m) con leche white coffee

café (m) solo black coffee

calamares (m pl) squid

cerveza beer

cortado coffee with a dash of milk

empanadilla small meat/tuna pasty

jamón (m) ham

olivas/aceitunas olives

pan (m) bread

patata potato

patatas fritas (m pl) crisps/chips

queso cheese

ración (f) portion

refresco fizzy drink

sardina sardine

tapas bar snacks

té (m) tea

tortilla (de patata) (potato) omelette

vino (blanco/rosado/tinto) (White/rosé/red) wine

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zumo (de naranja/manzana) (orange/apple) juice

¿Algo más? Anything else?

¿Cuánto es? How much is it?

¿Hay…? Is there…/Are there…?

¿Qué hay? What is there?/ What have you got?

¿Qué quiere (tomar)? What do you want (to have)?

gracias thanks

hay there is/there are

nada más nothing else

no hay there isn’t/there aren’t

por favor please

pues well/in that case

quiero I want/I’d like

tomar to have (eat, drink)

En el restaurante In the restaurantbueno/buena good

con (patatas fritas) with (chips)

cuenta bill

ensalada (mixta) (mixed) salad

es bueno. It’s good.

flan crème caramel

fruta (del tiempo) (fresh) fruit

helado ice-cream

macarrones (m pl) macaroni

para mí for me

pescado fish

pollo chicken

postre (m) dessert

primer plato starter

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segundo plato main course

sopa soup

Salud! Cheers!

Describing someone’s physical appearance

Track 34

Escucha y repite

masc. fem. masc. fem.

alto alta

viejo vieja

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bajo baja

joven _

gordo gorda guapo guapa

delgado delgada feo fea

Describe some male and female family members using the adjectives above. Try to use two or three adjectives to describe each person.

Mi amigo Juan es alto, delgado y guapo.

You could also describe famous people.

Ejemplo

Meghan Markle es guapa y delgada.

Adjectives to describe a person’s personality/characterCan you guess the meaning of most of the adjectives below?

Track 35

Escucha y repite

masc fem

inteligente -

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interesante -

gracioso graciosa Funny

simpático

amable

simpática

_

nice/friendly

antipático antipática unfriendly

trabajador trabajadora

perezoso perezosa Lazy

aburrido aburrida Boring

creativo creativa

talentoso talentosa

elegante -

egoísta - selfish/egotistical

hablador habladora

tímido tímida

modesto modesta

arrogante -

vanidoso vanidosa

Describe more people you know using the adjectives above. You could also describe famous people.

Ejemplo

Stephen Fry es inteligente, interesante y gracioso.

¿Quién eres?Choose one of the 16 male celebrities on the next page. The others ask questions to determine your identity.

You can then so the same for the female celebs on the following page.

Ejemplo

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- ¿Eres actor o cantante?- Soy actor.- ¿Eres inglés o estadounidense?- Soy estadounidense.- ¿Eres joven o viejo?- Soy viejo.- ¿Tienes 81 años?- No.- En ese caso, eres Robert de Niro.

Actores

Robert de Niro Jack Nicholson Jonah Hill Channing Tatumactor actor Actor actor

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estadounidense estadounidense estadounidense estadounidense75 81 34 38

Ian McKellen Michael Caine Daniel Radcliffe Eddie Redmayneactor actor Actor actoringlés inglés Inglés inglés79 85 29 36

Cantantes

Tony Bennett Stevie Wonder Travis Scott DJ Snake

cantante cantante cantante cantante

estadounidense estadounidense estadounidense estadounidense

92 68 26 32

Mick Jagger Roger Daltrey Stormzy Jake Bugg

cantante cantante cantante cantante

inglés inglés inglés inglés

75 74 25 24

Cantantes

Barbara Streisand Liza Minnelli Taylor Swift Lady GagaCantante Cantante cantante cantante

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estadounidense Estadounidense estadounidense estadounidense76 72 29 32

Marianne Faithfull Vera Lynne Adele Ellie GouldingCantante cantante cantante cantanteInglesa inglesa inglesa inglesa71 101 30 31

Actrices

Maryl Streep Sissy Spacek Jennifer Lawrence Scarlett Johansson

Actriz Actriz actriz actriz

estadounidense estadounidense estadounidense estadounidense

69 68 28 34

Judi Dench Vanessa Redgrave Emma Watson Keira Knightly

Actriz Actriz actriz actriz

Inglesa Inglesa inglesa inglesa

84 81 28 33

El trabajo y las profesiones – Work and JobsWatch the video (Jobs) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

There are two verbs meaning “to be” in Spanish – ser and estar

When talking about what someone’s profession is, always use ser.

Soy profesor. (I’m a teacher.)

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Él es médico. (He’s a doctor.)

Ellas son peluqueras. (They are hairdressers)

Nosotros somos bomberos. (We are firefighters)

¿Tú eres contable? (Are you an accountant?)

Conjugation of serSingular Plural

yo soy nosotros/as somos

tú eres vosotros/as sois

él/ella/usted es ellos/ellas/ustedes son

Ways of asking someone what they do for a livinginformal (tú) formal (usted)

¿A qué te dedicas? ¿A qué se dedica?

¿En qué trabajas (tú)? ¿En qué trabaja (usted)?

¿Cuál es tu trabajo?) ¿Cuál es su trabajo?)

When you say what you do you can say:

Soy arquitecto. (I’m an architect.)

or

Trabajo de arquitecto. (I work as an architect.)

The word for “a” (un/una) is omitted before the word for a job or profession:

Juan es u n carpintero. (incorrect)

Juan es carpintero. (correct)

María es una ingeniera. (incorrect)

María es ingeniera. (correct)

The masculine and feminine of jobs in SpanishMany words for jobs in Spanish have a masculine and feminine form.

1. When the masculine word ends in -o, change it to -a to form the corresponding feminine version:

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masculino femenino

arquitecto arquitecta

2. When the masculine word ends in a consonant, add an -a to form the corresponding feminine version:

masculino femenino

profesor profesora

3. When the masculine word ends in -e, the corresponding feminine version is the same as the masculine:

masculino femenino

cantante cantante

4. When the masculine word ends in -a, the corresponding feminine version is the same as the masculine. Many jobs in Spanish end -ista:

masculino femenino

dentista dentista

Mete cada profesión en la columna correcta.Put each profession in the correct column.

¿Qué significan?

What do they mean?

-o/a -or(a) -e -ista

camarero/a profesor(a) Estudiante recepcionista

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Escucha y repite

masculino Feminino

abogado abogada

peluquero peluquera

cocinero cocinera

fontanero fontanera

enfermero enfermera

profesor profesora

periodista -

taxista -

electricista -

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taxista

arquitecto/a

deportista

pintor(a)

conductor(a)

representante

director(a)

médico/a

escritor(a)

cocinero/a

peluquero/a

carpintero/a

electricista

ingeniero/a

cantante

periodista

vendedor(a)

fontanero/a

oficinista

administrativo/a

enfermero/a

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Susana Paula Sergio

Roberto Jorge Raúl

David Yolanda Pedro

Ask your partner what each of the people above does for a living:

Ejemplo

- ¿A qué se dedica Susana? or ¿En qué trabaja Susana?- Es periodista.

Where people worktrabajar – to work

yo trabajo

tú trabajas

él/ella/usted trabaja

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nosotros/as trabajamos

vosotros/as trabajáis

ellos/ellas/ustedes trabajan

Track 37

Escucha y repite

en una oficina

una fábrica (factory)

una tienda (shop)

un restaurante

un hospital

una escuela/un colegio

una peluquería

un bar

una farmacia

un banco

un laboratorio

una biblioteca

You can now say what people do and where they work:

- ¿A qué se dedica Yolanda?- Es profesora.- ¿Dónde trabaja?- Trabaja en una escuela.-

¿Te gusta tu trabajo? (Do you like your job?) In Spanish there isn’t a verb meaning ‘like’. Instead, the verb gustar (to please) is used.

Me gusta Me gustan

Me gusta Madrid. Me gustan Madrid y Barcelona.

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Me gusta Juan. Me gustan Juan y Carlos.

Me gusta esta novela. Me gustan las novelas de Agatha Christie.

Madrid pleases me. Madrid and Barcelona please me.

¿Te gusta tu trabajo? Do you like your job?

Sí, me gusta.

No, no me gusta.

Saying (how much) you like something

Me gusta. I like it

Me gusta mucho. I like it a lot

Me gusta muchísimo. I like it loads

Me encanta. I love it

Saying you don’t like something

No me gusta. I don’t like it

No me gusta para nada./No me gusta en absoluto, I don’t like it at all

Describing your job

Es un trabajo fácil

difícil

desafiante

aburrido

divertido

variado

gratificante

agradable

monótono

easy

difficult

challenging

boring

fun

varied

rewarding

pleasant

monotonous

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peligroso dangerous

You can use the adjectives above to describe why you like or don’t like your job.

Imagine what the people on page 6 say about their jobs.

Ejemplo

Susana – periodista

Me llamo Susana.

Soy periodista.

Me encanta mi trabajo.

Es un trabajo creativo e interesante.

To say ‘and’ in Spanish, use the word ‘y’. However, when the next word begins with the letter ‘i’, use ‘e’ instead.

Me gustan China e India.

He visitado Francia e Italia.

Conozco a Pedro e Ignacio.

Now imagine you are the other people and make sentences for them as in the example above.

More jobsWhat do these people say about their jobs?

Ejemplo

¿A qué te dedicas?

Soy professor.

¿Te gusta tu trabajo?

Sí, me gusta mucho porque es un trabajo desafiante y gratificante.

porque - because

With your partner, create similar dialogues for the jobs below.

profesor/a camarero/a

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enfermero/a

(nurse)

abogado/a

médico/a dependiente

(shop assistant)

estudiante contable

(accountant)

Da quanto tempo….?

Marco abita a Roma.

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Marco lives in Rome.

Marco abita a Roma da cinque anni./Marco abita a Roma da 2015.

Marco has been living in Rome for 5 years./Marco has been living in Rome since 2015.

To talk about something that started in the past but hasn’t finished we just use the simple present tense of the verb plus ‘da’. The ‘da’ can mean ‘for’ a period of time and ‘since’ the time that it started.

John Michel Miguel Angela Sarah Daniela

Birmingham2010

Marsiglia2015

Siviglia2018

Berlino/a2002

Los Angeles1998

Roma1980

2015 2017 2012 2000 2011 1991

2015 2018 2019 2010 2017 2018

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cameriere/cameriera

pompiere

dottore/dottoressa

parrucchiere/parrucchiera

insegnante

infermiere/infermiera

sposato/a

divorziato/a

separato/a

fidanzato/a

celibe/nubile

Esempio

John abita a Birmingham da 10 anni.

È un cameriere da 5 anni.

È celibe da 5 anni.

Now make sentences about the other people in the table.

VocabularioProfesiones Professionsarquitecto/arquitecta architect

camarero/camarera waiter/waitress

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cantante singer

carpintero/carpintera carpenter

conductor/conductora driver

deportista sportsman/sportswoman

director/directora director

electricista electrician

escritor/escritora writer

estudiante student

fontanero/fontanera plumber

ingeniero/ingeniera engineer

mecánico (m/f) mechanic

médico/médica doctor

oficinista office worker

periodista journalist

pintor/pintora painter

policía police officer

profesor/profesora teacher

recepcionista receptionist

representante representative

taxista taxi driver

vendedor/vendedora sales assistant

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Tercera UnidadDirecciones - DirectionsWatch the video (Giving directions parts 1 & 2) at: www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

Go straight on

Sigue todo recto.

Sigue – Carry on/Continue

You can omit the verb and just say:

Todo recto…..

a la izquierda - on the left

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a la derecha - on the right

Sometimes you might want to find a certain building and it’s in the street you’re in..

Sigue todo recto y la piscina está a la izquierda.

Sigue todo recto y el cine está a la derecha.

Go straight on and take the first/second/third…. on the left/right.

Sigue todo recto y toma…

la primera a la izquierda. la primera a la derecha.

la segunda a la izquierda. la segunda a la derecha.

la tercera a la izquierda. la tercera a la derecha.

la cuarta a la izquierda. la cuarta a la derecha.

la quinta a la izquierda. la quinta a la derecha.

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You don’t need to say calle. For example you can say:

Toma la segunda calle a la derecha.

(Take the second road on the right.) or

Toma la segunda a la derecha.

(Take the second on the right.)

With your partner, practice giving directions for A to E below.

A has been done as an example.

Sigue todo recto y toma la tercera a la derecha.

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A B C

D E F

Sometimes you might be looking for a certain street rather than a building.

Ejemplo

- ¿Dónde está la Calle Valencia?

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- Sigue todo recto. La Calle Mendoza es la segunda (calle) a la izquierda.

With your partner take it in turns asking where the other streets are.

More directions

Sigue todo recto al final de la calle.

(to the end of the road)

Al final de la calle gira a la derecha.

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gira - turn

En el semáforo gira a la derecha.

(Turn right at the traffic lights.)

Sigue todo recto al final de la calle y la farmacia está a la derecha.

When giving directions and saying take the first/second/third etc. it’s unlikely you’ll need more than 5th (la quinta). You’re not likely to know that it’s the 25th on the left. If the road the person needs is a long way away and you aren’t sure how many roads they need to go past before turning you can say something like.

Sigue todo recto un kilómetro/5 minutos y toma la primera calle a la izquierda.

If there’s more than one turning, follow the template below:

Sigue todo recto y toma la primera a la izquierda,

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segunda

tercera

derecha,

luego toma la primera

segunda

tercera

a la izquierda.

derecha.

Sigue todo recto y toma la primera

segunda

tercera

a la izquierda

derecha

y el cine está a la izquierda.

derecha.

Now give the directions for the 4 illustrations below.

1

2

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3

4

¿Dónde está…………………………..?

Refer to the first map at the bottom of the following page and complete the directions below to get to the following places:

1 = el banco2 = la biblioteca3 = la piscina

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4 = el cine

You need to write primera/segunda/tercera/cuarta etc. or izquierda/derecha in the gaps.

1. ¿Dónde está el banco?

Sigue todo recto y toma la ______________ calle a la ______________, luego la ______________ a la ______________. Continua todo recto y toma la ______________ a la ______________ y el banco está a la ______________.

2. ¿Dónde está la biblioteca?

Sigue todo recto y toma la ______________ calle a la ______________, luego la ______________ a la ______________ y la biblioteca está a la ______________.

3. ¿Dónde está la piscina?

Sigue todo recto y toma la ______________ calle a la ______________. Continua todo recto al final de la calle y la biblioteca está a la ______________.

4. ¿Dónde está el cine?

Sigue todo recto y toma la ______________ calle a la ______________ y el cine está a la ______________.

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¿Dónde está el restaurante?On the map below are the locations of 8 restaurants.

Listen to your teacher giving directions for one of them. Follow the directions and then say which number your teacher chose.

Now your turn.

Choose one of the 7 remaining locations and give directions to reach it. Your classmates should then be able to tell you the number you chose.

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PreposicionesWatch the video (Prepositions….) at: www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

la pelota - the ball la caja – the box

Track 38

Escucha y repite

La pelota está en la caja.

La pelota está sobre la caja.

La pelota está debajo de la caja.

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La pelota está al lado de la caja.

al lado de – next to (literally ‘at the side of’)

La pelota está detrás de la caja.

La pelota está delante de la caja.

La pelota está entre dos cajas.

The prepositions cerca, lejos, al lado, delante, detrás, por encima, debajo, enfrente can be used with or without de.

El restaurante está cerca. El restaurante está cerca de la piscina.

El cine está al lado. El cine está al lado de la comisaría.

El hospital está enfrente. El hospital está enfrente de la escuela.

When saying what something is next to, in front of, behind, near to etc. use de.

When the second place or object is masculine (el cine, el restaurante, el banco etc.)

de + el = del

el perro – the dog el árbol – the tree

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El perro está en el árbol.

El perro está al lado del árbol.

El perro está delante del árbol.

El perro está detrás del árbol.

El perro está entre dos árboles.

Los Cuatro Fabulosos

por encima de - above

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Ringo está entre George y John.

Paul está delante de John.

John está detrás de Paul.

George, Ringo y John están por encima de Paul.

Paul está debajo de George, Ringo y John.

George está al lado de Ringo.

Ringo está a la derecha de George.

Ringo está a la izquierda de John.

John, Paul, George y Ringo están en la foto.

Los Rolling StonesNow describe where the various members of this famous English group are in the photo in relation to each other. Take it in turns asking your partner.

Ejemplo

¿Dónde está Charlie?

Está al lado de Mick y Keith.

Está a la derecha de Mick y Keith.

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enfrente de – opposite/facing

El gato está en la esquina.

(in the corner)

El gato está al lado del perro.

El gato está sobre la mesa.

El perro está debajo de la mesa.

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El gato está enfrente del perro.

El perro está delante del gato.

El gato está detrás del perro.

El gato está entre dos perros.

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En la ciudadTake it in turns asking your partner:

- ¿Dónde está el/la _______?- El/La _______ está al lado de/enfrente de/entre etc.

Ejemplo:

- ¿Dónde está el restaurante?- El restaurante está al lado del cine.

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Watch the video (en el norte….) at www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-

tutorials

- ¿Dónde está Madrid?- Madrid está en el centro de España.

With your partner take it in turn asking where the other cities are.

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- ¿Dónde está Toledo?- Está en el centro de España, cerca de Madrid.

With your partner, take it in turns asking where Marbella, Pontevedra, Bilbao, Tarragona and Castellón are.

As in the example above for Toledo, say which part of Spain the city is in (en el norte, en el sur etc.) and the larger city it’s near to.

Watch the video(Cerca de and lejos de) at: www.spanishtutorhub.co.uk/spanish-video-tutorials

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GramáticaVerbo Verb

Estar to be (in a place)Use this form of the verb ‘to be’ to talk about where you are or where something is located.

(yo) estoy I am

(tú) estás you are

(él/ella/usted) está he/she/it is, you (formal) are

Estoy en Barcelona. I’m in Barcelona.

¿Dónde estás? Where are you?

Juan está en España. Juan is in Spain.

Preposición a Preposition a¿A cuántos kilómetros How many kilometres away

está Terrassa? is Terrassa?

Está a treinta kilómetros. It’s thirty kilometres away.

Preposiciones y Prepositions and

expresiones de lugar expressions of placeal lado de next to

delante de in front of

detrás de behind

en in, on

enfrente de opposite

entre between

sobre on top of, above

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Note that some of these prepositions use de and others do not.

La parada está delante The bus stop is in front

de la casa. of the house.

La tienda está en la The shop is on the

esquina. corner.

Note that a + el = al; de +el = del

El banco está al lado del cine. The bank is next to the cinema.

Adverbios de lugar Adverbs of placecerca (de) near (to)

lejos (de) a long way (from)

Adverbios de cantidad Adverbs of quantitymuy very

bastante quite

Mi casa está bastante lejos My house is quite a long way

del centro. from the centre.

Vocabulario

¿Dónde está? Where is it?ahora now

allí there

capital (f) capital

centro centre/middle

ciudad (f) city

¿cuál? Which?

está it is

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exactamente exactly

grande big

habitante (m) inhabitant

millón (m) million

país (m) country

su his/her

en in, on

este east

eoreste north-east

noroeste north-west

norte north

oeste west

sur south

sureste south-east

suroeste south-west

cerca near

lejos far/a long way away

Direcciones Directionsderecha right

izquierda left

la primera (calle) the first (street)

a la derecha on the right

la segunda the second

a la izquierda on the left

la tercera the third

la cuarta the fourth

todo recto straight on

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catedral (f) cathedral

estación (f) station

museo de arte moderno (f) modern art gallery

museo museum

plano plan/map of town

restaurante (m) restaurant

El restaurante está al The restaurant is next

lado del cine to the cinema

banco bank

cine (m) cinema

comisaría police station

estadio (de fútbol) (football) stadium

gasolinera petrol station

hospital (m) hospital

hotel (m) hotel

parque (m) park

piscina swimming pool

supermercado supermarket

al lado de next to

debajo de under

delante de in front of

detrás behind

enfrente opposite

entre between

esquina corner

por aquí around here

sobre on/above

semáforos (m) traffic lights

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Cuarta Unidad¿Cómo se escribe?

Track 39

Escucha y repite el abecedario.

The phonetic pronunciation is shown

A a ñ enyay

B bay o o

C θay p pay

D day q koo

E ay r airay

F efay s essay

G xay t tay

H atchay u oo

I ee v oobay

J xota w oobay doblay

K ka x icks

L elay y ee griega

M emay z θeta

N enay

θ – th like in think

x – like ch in Loch Ness or the Yiddish words chutzpah and chaim

- ¿Cuál es tu nombre/Cómo te llamas?- Ángel Garcia.

- ¿Cómo se escribe tu nombre?

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- A – N – G – E – L G – A – R – C – I – A

Ask your partner for their name, then ask them to spell their first and last names as in the example above.

Even if you don’t have to spell things in general conversation you will need the alphabet more than you might realise. We use initials a lot.

Imagine you want to say that you work or used to work for IBM. You wouldn’t want to keep referring to it as International Business Machines or if you drive a BMW, you’d have to say Bayerische Motoren Werke. In fact BMW in Spanish, they say BMV (Bay Emay Oobay) as if the W were a V.

Where we say w (double u), in Spanish it’s actually double v, so they pronounce it oobay doble.

If you want to give a web address, www is pronounced:

oobay doble oobay doble oobay doble

Email addresses and websites

Track 40

Escucha y repite

www oobay doble oobay doble oobay doble

tres oobay dobles

@ arroba

- (hyphen) guión

_ (underscore) barra baja (low bar)

/ (forward slash) barra

.com punto com

.es punto es

.co.uk punto co punto oo ka

gmail.com punto com

hotmail.com punto com

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yahoo.com punto com

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected] your partner, take it in turns asking to spell your email address:

¿Cómo se escribe tu dirección de correo electrónico?

Practice saying these:

IBM; MGM; EMI; BBC; NBC; UFC; NFL; NBA; USB; UE; ONG

Just as we say The BBC and the EU, in Spanish they call them La BBC and La UE.

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¿Tiene habitaciones libres?

Hotel vocab

Link the Spanish with the English.

The first one has been done as an example.

1 una habitación doble g a shower

2 pensión completa b bath

3 una habitación individual c full board

4 calefacción d half board

5 desayuno e lift/elevator

6 aire acondicionado f air conditioning

7 baño g double room

8 media pensión h breakfast

9 ducha i heating

10 ascensor j single room

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En el hotel

Track 41

Escucha el diálogo.

Recepcionista Buenos días.

Cliente Buenos días. ¿Tiene habitaciones libres?

Recepcionista Si señor.

Cliente Quiero una habitación individual, por favor.

Recepcionista Sí, ¿para cuántas noches?

Cliente Para 3 noches. Desde el uno al tres de junio. ¿Cuánto es la habitación?

Recepcionista Son 120 euros por noche. ¿Quiere desayunar en el hotel?

Cliente Sí, por favor. ¿Está incluido el desayuno?

Recepcionista Sí. El desayuno está incluido en el precio. Su documento de identidad, por favor,

Cliente Aquí tiene mi pasaporte.

Recepcionista Muy bien. Aquí tiene la llave. La habitación 405. Está en la cuarta planta. El ascensor está al final del pasillo, a la izquierda.

Cliente Muchas gracias.

Recepcionista De nada.

Vocabulario

Está incluido It’s included

la llave key

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el pasillo corridor

De nada You’re welcome

el desayuno breakfast

desayunar to have breakfast

la comida lunch/meal/food

comer to eat

la cena supper/dinner

cenar to have dinner

hoy today

la planta the floor/storey

Gramática

para for

para una noche for one night

para dos personas for two people

de from

de + el = del from the

a to

a + el = al to the

del dos al cuatro de junio from the 2nd to the 4th of June

Types of hotel accommodation

In the table below you can see how to say:

full board

half board

bed and breakfast

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self-catering

Number of meals included

Which meal(s)? Spanish description English description

0 nothing sin pensión self-catering

1 only breakfast desayuno bed and breakfast

2 breakfast and dinner media pensión half board

3 all 3 meals included pensión completa full board

Tracks 42, 43 & 44

Escucha los tres diálogos. Completa el cuadro.

No de habitaciones

individual/

doble

no de noches

desayuno/media pensión/

pensión completa

1

2

3

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Booking a hotel roomWhen the period you book starts one month but finishes in a different one, like booking from 20 July to 4 August.

Quiero una habitación

individual

doble

para una

dos

tres

cuatro

cinco

seis

noche(s) del 1

2

3

4

de enero

febrero

marzo

abril

al 1

2

3

4

de enero

febrero

marzo

abril

When the period you book starts one month and finishes in the same month, like booking from 20 to 30 July. You only have to say July at the end.

Quiero una habitación

individual

doble

para una

dos

tres

cuatro

cinco

seis

noche(s)

del 1

2

3

4

al 1

2

3

4

de enero

febrero

marzo

abril

In the dialogue below, the customer’s replies have been removed.

Recepcionista Buenos días.

Cliente

Recepcionista Si, señor.

Cliente

Recepcionista Si, ¿para cuántas noches?

Cliente

Recepcionista Son 100 euros por noche.

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¿Quiere desayunar en el hotel?

Cliente

Recepcionista Su documento de identidad, por favor.

Cliente

Here are the missing parts of the dialogue. Write the letters A to E in the correct parts of the dialogue above.

A. Sí, tengo mi carnet de conducir.B. Sí, por favor. Quiero media pensión.C. Quiero una habitación doble, por favor.D. Buenos días. ¿Tiene habitaciones libres?E. Para 5 noches, del 2 al 7 de julio. ¿Cuánto es la habitación?

With your partner, practice similar dialogues using the info below. The receptionist can use the same sentences as in the dialogue above.

1 2 3 4

single room

5 nights

10 – 14 Aug

passport

double room

10 nights

10 – 19 Jul

driving licence

double room

14 nights

1 – 14 Jun

driving licence

single room

2 nights

30 – 31 May

passport

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Las habitaciones (rooms)

Track 45

Escucha y repite

un comedor una cocina un salón

un aseo un cuarto de baño un dormitorio

un estudio un pasillo una terraza

un lavadero un invernadero un jardín

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un balcón

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Each student reads one of the sentences below and says which of the 3 flats that sentence describes.

The first one has been done as an example.

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Hay un estudio.

Answer – Es el piso de Roberto.

Hay un dormitorio. Hay un comedor.

Hay dos garajes. Hay dos cocinas.

Hay tres dormitorios. Hay dos cuartos de baño.

Hay un jardín. Hay un lavadero.

Hay dos dormitorios. No hay comedor.

Hay dos aseos. Hay un garaje.

No hay jardín. No hay garaje.

En mi casa

Describe tu casa usando los elementos de los recuadros.

Vivo en un piso

una casa

en ………......…… .(ciudad)

En el piso la casa

hay … habitaciones: un salón

un comedor

una cocina

un estudio

una sala de juegos

un/dos cuarto(s) de baño

un/dos aseo(s)

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un/dos/tres dormitorio(s).

También hay un desván (loft)un áticoun garajeun jardínuna terrazauna terraza interior (conservatory)un balcónun invernaderoun cobertizo (shed)

En mi dormitorio hay…..

una/dos cama(s)un armariouna cómodauna estanteríaun ordenador (portátil)una radioun televisor/una televisión.

Track 46Escucha y repite

Los muebles

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un armario una cómoda una cama

una estantería un ordenador un ordenador portátil

una radio un escritorio una silla

un sillón un espejo un televisor/una televisión

Más muebles

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Track 47

Escucha y repite

una cocina una escalera un sofá una bañera

una ducha una lámpara una mesa una mesilla

un cuadro una moqueta una alfombra (rug) una chimenea

un frigorífico un teléfono

¿Qué hay en tu salón?

Estudiante A Estudiante B

Choose a living room from the 6 pictured on the next page.

Ask your partner about what the room contains to determine which room has been chosen.

Ejemplo

¿Hay una silla? ¿Hay un sofá? ¿Hay un cuadro?

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Sí, hay una. Sí, hay uno. No, no hay cuadros.

A B

C D

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E F

In Spain, most people live in flats (pisos). To say which floor a flat is on, see below:

la décima planta

la novena planta

la octava planta

la séptima planta

la sexta planta

la quinta planta

la cuarta planta

la tercera planta

la segunda planta

la primera planta

la planta baja

la planta baja – the ground floor (literally ‘the low floor’)

As in English you write 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th etc.

In Spanish, you can write primero, pimera, segundo, segunda etc. as:

1o/1a

2o/2a

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3o/3a

3o/3a

4o/4a

5o/5a

¿Quién vive dónde?Estudiante A

Below you can see a building, number 20, Calle Mendoza,

There are 25 flats, 5 flats per floor.

You have the names of the inquilinos (tenants) but 4 are missing.

You have to ask your partner where the following people live:

Arantxa, José, Francisca and Susana.

Ejemplo:

¿Dónde vive Alba?

Say which floor the person lives on and who they live between.

Vive en la primera planta, entre Rocío y Roberto.

Calle Mendoza, 205a Pedro Marcos María Eva Jorge

4a Yolanda David Sergio

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3a Ana Andrea Ángela Enrique Tomás

2a Victoria Montse Cristina

1a Rocío Alba Roberto Carlos Roberta

La Planta Baja

Estudiante B

Below you can see a building, number 20, Calle Mendoza,

There are 25 flats, 5 flats per floor.

You have the names of the inquilinos (tenants) but 4 are missing.

You have to ask your partner where the following people live:

Eva, Marcos, Enrique and Andrea.

Ejemplo:

¿Dónde vive Alba?

Say which floor they live on and who they live between.

Vive en la primera planta, entre Rocio y Roberto.

Calle Mendoza, 205a Pedro María Jorge

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4a Yolanda Susana David José Sergio

3a Ana Ángela Tomás

2a Victoria Arantxa Montse Francisca Cristina

1a Rocío Alba Roberto Carlos Roberta

La Planta Baja

Ser and EstarIn Spanish, there are two verbs which mean ‘to be’:

Escucha y repite

ser estar

yo soy estoy

tú eres estás

él/ella/usted es está

nosotros/as somos estamos

vosotros/as sois estáis

ellos/ellas/ son están

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ustedes

Uses of ser- The identity of the subject (person, thing, or event)

Soy Marcos. I’m Marcos.

Este es Pedro. This is Pedro,

Glastonbury es un festival. Glastonbury is a festival.

Este edificio es una iglesia. This building is a church.

- Someone’s occupation or profession.

María es dentista.

Somos profesores.

- Essential or inherent qualities which are unlikely to change such as nationality, moral attributes and religion.

Michel es francés. Michel is French.

David es buena persona. David is a good person.

Saul es judío. Saul is jewish.

- Characteristics of physical appearance and character. (Can be considered inherent traits.)

Sara es alta y delgada. Sara is tall and slim.

Pedro es rubio. Pedro is blond.

David es simpático y generoso. David is nice and generous.

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- Relationships.

Stephen es el hermano de Jane. Stephen is Jane’s brother.

Robert es su marido. Robert is her husband.

- Time

Es la una y cuarto.

Son las seis y media.

- Place and date of an event.

Hoy es el dos de agosto.

La reunión es el martes por la tarde.

La fiesta es en el piso de Antonio.

- Origin, possession, and the materials that objects are made of, with the preposition de.

Es el coche de Martín.

Juan es de Madrid.

Este ordenador es de Alemania.

Esta mesa es de madera.

- Quantity and price

- ¿ Cuánto es? How much is it?

- Son cien euros. It’s 100 euros.

Uses of estar

- Location – permanent and temporary

Mark está en París.

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París está en Francia.

La plaza está en el centro de la ciudad.

La silla está al lado de la mesa.

Juan está en la piscina.

- Temporary physical conditions.

Ana está enferma.

- Temporary moods

Javier está aburrido.

Mónica está feliz.

- Temporary traits or qualities.

Hoy estás guapo.

Paula está delgada.

- Temporary states

La oficina está desordenada.

El ordenador está estropeado.

EjercicioUnderline the correct verb in each sentence. The first one has been done as an example.

1. Jarek es/está polaco. Jarek is Polish.

2. Mark es/está mi hermano. Mark is my brother.

3. Los cuchillos son/están de plástico. The knives are plastic.

4. Juan es/está enfadado. Juan is angry.

5. La casa es/está bonita. The house is beautiful.

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6. Ferrari es/está una empresa italiana. Ferrari is an Italian business.

7. El piso de Javier es/está en la segunda planta.

Javier’s flat is on the second floor.

8. Son/Están las ocho. It’s eight o’clock.

9. Este coche es/está de España. This car is from Spain.

10.Ricardo es/está simpático. Richard is nice.

11.La catedral es/está muy grande. The cathedral is very big.

12.Esta chaqueta es/está de cuero. This jacket is leather.

13.Birmingham y Manchester son/están en Inglaterra.

Birmingham and Manchester are in England.

14.Diana es/está enferma. Diana is ill.

15.Mark y John son/están rubios. Mark and John are blond.

16.Cristina es/está católica. Cristina is catholic.

17.Estas flores son/están de Holanda. These flowers are from Holland.

18.La Universidad es/está cerca de la estación.

The university is near the station.

19.Esta cámara es/está de Japón. This camera is from Japan.

20.Hamburgo es/está en Alemania. Hamburg is in Germany.

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21.Ángela y Eva son/están altas. Ángela and Eva are tall.

22.Somos/Estamos en el hospital. We are in/at the hospital

23.El estadio de fútbol es/está lleno. The football stadium is full.

24.John es/está muy inteligente. John is very intelligent.

25.La oficina es/está ordenada. The office is tidy.

26.Es/Está la bici de Sergio. It’s Sergio’s bike.

27.Soy/Estoy cansado. I’m tired.

GramáticaPreposiciones para, con, sin Prepositions para, con, sin

For (a period of time)

Una habitación para dos noches a room for two nights

For (people)

Una habitación para dos personas a room for two people

With

Una habitación con terraza a room with a terrace

Without

Una habitación sin desayuno a room without breakfast

Fechas Dates

Dates are given with cardinal numbers, not ordinal:

El dos de julio the 2nd of July

El quince de agosto the 15th of August

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Adjetivos Adjectives

Adjectives always agree with the gender (masculine or feminine) and the number (singular or plural) of the nouns they describe.

Masculino Femenino

Pequeño pequeña

Grande grande

o changes to a

adjectives ending in other vowels or consonants do not change

Pequeños pequeñas

Grandes grandes

El hotel es grande. La habitación es grande.

Los hoteles son grandes. Las habitaciones son grandes.

El bar es pequeño. La piscina es pequeña.

Los bares son pequeños. Las piscinas son pequeñas.

Verbos Verbs

Ser/estar

For descriptions, you can use two verbs which mean ‘to be’: ser and estar.

● Use ser for permanent state.La casa es vieja. The house is old. (permanent state – doesn’t change)

● Use estar for temporary state, when something has changed or may change. La casa está sucia. The house is dirty. (temporary state – it can be cleaned)La casa está limpia. The house is clean (change of state)

VocabularioUna habitación, por favor A room, please

el hotel hotel

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abierto/abierta open

aire (m) acondicionado air conditioning

al fondo at the end

aparcamiento parking

ascensor (m) lift

baño bathroom

calefacción (f) heating

cama bed

céntrico/céntrica central

cuenta bill

desayunar to have breakfast

desayuno breakfast

documento de identidad (DNI) identity document

ducha shower

estos/estas these

garaje (m) garaje

habitación (f) (individual/doble) (single/double) room

incluido/incluida included

llave (f) key

llegada arrival

media pensión half board

pasaporte (m) passport

pensión (f) completa full board

pista (de tenis) (tennis) court

precio Price

primera línea de playa on the seafront/beside the beach

quedarse to stay (in a hotel)

reserva reservation

reservar to reserve

solo only

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¿Cómo es el hotel? What is the hotel like?

bonito/bonita pretty, nice

cómodo/cómoda comfortable

feo/fea ugly

grande big

incómodo/incómoda uncomfortable

moderno/moderna modern

pequeño/pequeña small

viejo/vieja old

El piso/La casa The flat/The house

cocina kitchen

comedor (m) dining room

cuarto de baño bathroom

dormitorio bedroom

pasillo hallway, corridor

salón (m) lounge

taller (m) (mecánico) (mechanics’) workshop

terraza terrace

Los muebles Furniture

armario wardrobe

bañera bath

cama bed

cocina cooker

escritorio (writing) desk

espejo mirror

estantería bookshelves

frigorífico fridge

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mesa table

mesilla bedside table

silla chair

sillón (m) armchair

taza toilet

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