Italiano II Il 27 di febbraio 2017

META-OBIETTIVI

Che ora è? Telling Time

Anticipatory set

CHE C`è nella clase?

https://www.pinterest.com/explore/italian-words/

Recitazione e pratica

Attività orale descrive la classe a coppia

Opzione: 

Italiano English

l'aula f classroom

il blocchetto per appunti

notepad

la borsa bagil cancellino board

eraserla carta paperla cartella folderla classe classl'evidenziatore m highlighter

penun foglio di carta a sheet of

paperil gessetto piece of

chalkla gomma eraser

(US), rubber (GB)

la lavagna blackboard

la lavagna bianca whiteboardil lettore di cassette

tape player

il libro bookil libro di esercizi workbookla matita pencilil pastello crayonil pennarello board pen,

felt-tip penla perforatrice hole punchil portafogli briefcaseil registratore tape

recorderil righello rulerla scrivania deskla scuola schoolla sedia chairil taccuino notebookil temperamatite, il temperino

pencil sharpener

alzare la mano to raise one's hand

aprire/chiudere il libro

to open/close the book

ascoltare una cassetta

to listen to a tape

cancellare la lavagna

to clean the board

condividere il libro to share a book

fare una domanda to ask a question

guardare un video to watch a video

lavorare a coppie to work in pairs

lavorare a gruppi to work in groups

parlare col tuo compagno

to talk to your

partnerscambiare i posti to swap

places

Attività di praticare Sentieri pagina 17Parte 1, 2 e 3. Tutti

Ripaso dei nomi NOUNS la biblioteca (bib-lee-o-tek-a) - library la biologia (bee-o-lo-gee-a) - biology l'amico/la amica (ah-mee-ko, ah-mee-ka) - friend il cancellino (can-chel-lee-no) - chalkboard eraser il quaderno (kwa-der-no) - notebook la classe (klas-say) - class (people), classroom la lezione (let-zee-oh-ne) - class (lesson) il dizionario (dik-zee-o-nar-eeo) - dictionary il danaro (dah-nar-oh) - money

i soldi (sol-dee) - money l'economia (eeko-nom-eea)- economics l'italiano (ee-tah-lya-no) - Italian lo studente (stoo-dehn-tay) - student (male) la studentessa (stoo-dehn-tays-sah) - student (female) lo scolaro/la scolara (sko-lah-roh, sko-lah-rah) - schoolboy, schoolgirl il banco (ban-koh) - desk la scuola (skwoh-la) - school la geografia (geeo-gra-fee-a) - geography l'ora (or-a) - hour l'inglese (eeng-lay-seh) - English la matita (mah-tee-tah)- pencil il libro (lee-bro) - book la matematica (mat-ay-mat-ee-kah) - math la pagina (pa-gee-na) - page la carta (kar-tah) - paper la lavagna (lah-vah-nya) - chalkboard la penna (pen-nah) - pen l'orologio (oh-roh-lo-joe) - clock/watch il compito (kom-pee-toh) - homework

il tempo (tehm-poh)- time il gesso (jehs-soh)- chalk l'università (oo-nee-ver-see-tah)- university

VERBS amare - to love ascoltare (as-kohl-tah-reh) - to listen studiare (stoo-dee-ah-reh) - to study parlare (par-lah-reh) - to speak/talk chiamare (kee-ah-mah-reh) - to call ritornare (ree-tor-nah-reh) - to return lavorare (lah-voh-rah-reh) - to work

INTERROGATIVES quale (kwahleh)- which quando (kwahndo) - when quanto(-a) (kwahnto) - how much quanti(-as) (kwahntee)- how many dove (doh-vay) - where perché (payr-kway)1 - why che cosa (kay kohsah) - what chi (kee) - who

CONJUNCTIONS perché (payr-kway)1 - because e (ay) - and

PREPOSITIONS

a (ah) - at, to, the dative aADJECTIVES

corto(-a, -i, -e) (korto) - short quarto(-a, -i, -e) (kwar-toh) - quarter (one-fourth) difficile (-i) (deef-fee-chee-lay) - difficult facile (-i) (fa-chee-lay) - easy lungo(-a, -hi, -he) - long largo(-a, -hi, -he) - wide, broad mezzo(-a, -i, -e) (metz-zoh) – half

Fine

Obiettivo oggi Time - To tell time in ItalianPiú con le ore

Anticipatory set Video in treno a Venezia

Un’altra volta le ore quiChe ore sono? Quando arriva il treno?

Uomo sull’autobus: Mi scusi, che ore sono? - Excuse me, what time is it?

Donna sull’autobus: Le quattordici (14). - Two o’clock in the afternoon.

Uomo: Grazie! - Thank you!

Donna: Prego. - You’re welcome.

How to Say the Time in Italian

As you may have noticed from the dialogues above, you’ll most likely hear to the phrase “che ore sono?” to inquire about the time. In response, you can simply say the time with the article in front of it, so “le diciassette (17).” If you wanted to say the full sentence, you would continue to use the verb “essere - to be,” so it would be “sono le diciassette (17).” If you’re curious, the “le” is required because it stands for “ore - hours.”

Below you’ll find more key phrases and exceptions.

Key Phrases Mi scusi, che ora è? - Excuse me, what

time is it? Mi scusi, che ore sono? - Excuse me, what

time is it?

TIP: What’s the difference between the two phrases above? They have the exact same meaning, and the structure of the answers will be the same using “sono le…” Unless, of course, it’s 1. In that case, you would say...

È l’una. - It’s 1 PM. Sono le 15. - It’s 15/3 PM.

Sono le undici di mattina. - It’s 11 in the morning.

Sono le due del pomeriggio. - It’s 2 in the afternoon.

Sono le sei di sera. - It’s 6 in the evening.

Sono le tre di notte. - It’s three in the morning.

TIP: To indicate AM add di mattina to the hour and to indicate PM, add del pomeriggio (12 Noon to 5 PM), di sera (5 PM to midnight), or di notte (midnight to early morning) to the hour.

È mezzogiorno. - It’s noon. È mezzanotte. - It’s midnight. Sono le quattordici e mezzo. - It’s

1430/230 PM.

Mancano cinque minuti alle sei. - It’s five minutes to six.

A che ora chiude? - What time does it close?

A che ora apre? - What time does it open?

A che ora comincia (il film)?- What time does (the movie) start?

Vocabulary Words

Una mezz’ora - A half hour Un quarto d’ora - A quarter of an hour A volte - Sometimes Due volte al giorno - Twice a day Tutti i giorni - Every day Ogni tanto - From time to time Intorno (le sedici) - Around 16/4 PM Arrivare - To arrive Venire - To come. Andare - To go

Nota bene:

Italy is back to Standard Time, clocks were set back an hour in late October and winter is already

knocking at our doors. So why not using this time of the year to learn how to tell time in Italian. After all, if you do not want to miss the train, the appointment with a guide or understand when a museum opens, you need to grasp the basics. Che ora è?  or  Che ore sono? - What time is it?You can ask more formally: Scusi, che ore sono? - Excuse me, what time is it?orPer favore, potrebbe dirmi che ore sono? - Could you tell me what time it is, please?or Scusi, sa che ore sono?/Excuse me, do you know what time it is? 

For one o'clock and for noon or midnight the answer is  E' + the hourÈ l'una. - It's one o'clock. È mezzogiorno. - It's noon. È mezzanotte. - It's midnight. For all other times of the day, the answer is Sone le + the hour Sono le quattro. - Four o'clock Sono le dieci. - Ten o'clock Sono le nove. - Nine o'clock In both cases, however, a more informal option is that of using

the number of the hour directly. Mezzogiorno. - NoonL'una. - OneLe dieci. - Ten Fractions of an hour are introduced by the conjunction 'e' followed by the minutes elapsed.Le dieci e dieci.- Ten past ten.Le tre e venticinque. - Twentyfive past three. You can choose to indicate 'quindici or trenta minuti', (fifteen or thirty minutes),  using 'un quarto' (a quarter) or 'mezza' (a half) introduced by 'e' instead:

Le dieci e trenta. - Ten thirty. or Le tre e un quarto. - Three fifteen  From the half hour to the next hour, time can also be expressed by giving the coming hour 'meno' (minus) the number of minutes before the next one.Le tre meno venti. - Twenty to three.Le quattro meno cinque. - Five to to four.To indicate fifteen monutes, you can use also 'un quarto' using it in the following expressions:Le tre meno un quarto. - Fifteen to three.Le quattro meno un quarto. - Fifteen to four. 

 

Keep in mind that in Italy,  as in most of Europe, time is based on the 24 hour day and not on the 12 hour clock. So, 1 PM is expressed as 13:00, 5:30 PM as 17:30, etc. That means an appointment or invitation for 19:30 is meant for 7:30 PM.

Che ora è? Ël’una e cinque

In Italy and forgot your watch back at the hotel? Need to know if you're on track to make it to the store or gallery before it closes? Here are some easy tips and phrases to make asking about the time easy during your stay in Italy. "Che ora è" is one of the most common phrases in Italian used to find out "What time is it?"  If you need to keep track of time in Italy you can also ask, "Ha l'ora," which means "Have you got the time?" or "Che ora fai?" which loosely translates as "What time do you have?" In these cases "ora" (hour) substitutes for "time" in the English examples. Of course, once you ask after the time you must be able to anticipate and decipher the answer. If someone says, “Faccio le tre” this means “It’s three o’clock” (literally translated the phrase means, “I make three o’clock.”) An even more common answer to expect is “E’ l’una” (“It’s one [or whatever number of the hour]”) or “Sono le

sei,” which is another way to say the same thing, ie: “It’s six o’clock.”  EXPRESSING TIME IN ITALIANTo name the time in Italian you need to use a definitive article like l’una, le due, le sei (one, two, six). The article is usually plural, only one o’clock, midday and midnight ("sono le sei", "è mezzogiorno") are singular. All forms are feminine because “ora” or “hour” is feminine. In Italy you will usually find that there is an absence of the use of AM or PM. Instead Italians generally use 24 numbers, not 12, to tell the time. For example, three in the afternoon will often be described as 15:00; you can also say “Sono le tre di pomeriggio” or “It is three in the afternoon.” Similarly words like “mattina,” “sera” and “notte” (morning, evening, night) are used to indicate the time of day. So, for example, one could say “Ci vediamo alle sette di sera,” which means, “See you at seven tonight.”  

TIMES OF DAYTo get a better understanding of when to use morning, afternoon, evening or night, we have broken down day for you: Morning – di mattina – From 4am to 12pmAfternoon – di pomeriggio – From 1pm to 5 or 6pmEvening – di sera – From 6 or 7pm to 11pmNight – di notte – From 11pm to 3am Sono le tre pomeridiane = It's three o'clock in the afternoon.E' l'una di notte = It’s one o’clock in the morning.E’ l’una del pomeriggio = It's one o'clock in the afternoon.E' mezzogiorno = It's midday/noon.E' mezzogiorno e mezzo = It's half past twelve.E' mezzanotte = It's midnight.E' mezzanotte e mezzo = It's half past midnight.E' presto, è tardi = It's early, it's late.Sono le nove di mattina o del mattino = It is nine in the morning. Note: Italians use both mattino (masculine) or mattina (feminine) to express morning. Either is correct.Sono le undici di sera o le 23 = It is eleven o'clock at night (11pm).Attività:

 DROPPING THE “ORA”To make talking more expedient you can drop the “ora” from your sentence. Instead of saying “L’aereo parte alle ore 18.00” you can say “L’aereo parte alle 18.00” (“The plane leaves at six o’clock.”)Claudia è partita alle (ore) 8 questa mattina = Claudia left at 8 o'clock a.m or eight o’clock this morning.  FRACTIONS OF HOURSTo express fractions like half past or quarter to the formula is as follows:e="color:#333333; font-family:helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:10pt">E = Past while Meno = To“Sono le 4 e 25” = “It is four twenty-five.”“Sono le 14 e dieci” = “It is ten past two.”“Sono le 10 meno 5” = “It is five minutes to ten.”“Quattro meno 5” = “Five to four.”“Mancano dieci minuti alle otto” = “It is ten to eight.” Un quarto (“a quarter”) = 15Mezza (“half”) = 30Tre quarti (“three quarters”) = 45

“Le 5 meno un quarto” = “A quarter to five.”“Manca un quarto alle cinque” = “It is a quarter to five.”“Un quarto alle tre” = “Sono le 2.45” = “It is two forty-five.” When using midday/noon or midnight you don’t need an article. For example, you can just say “è mezzogiorno” or “it’s noon.” ie: “Franco è tornato a casa a mezzanotte e dieci” = “Franco came home at ten past midnight.”  USEFUL EXPRESSIONSfamily:helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:10pt">Scusi, che ora è? = Excuse me, what time is it?A che ora? = At what time?Alle nove = At nine o’clock.Alle tre e mezzo = At half past three.Alle sei precise = At six sharp.Verso le sei = Around sixDue ore fa = Two hours ago.Ogni 5 minuti = Every five minutes.L'orologio va avanti/va indietro di tre minuti = The clock is three minutes fast/slow.Mettere a posto l'orologio = To put the clock right.

Caricare l'orologio = To wind (up) the clock.Il negozio è aperto dalle 9 alle 19 = The shop is open from 9am to 7pm.  Guided practiceEXERCISE:Che ora è? Write in the correct time.8:40 =3:22 =6:42 =8:55 =6:33 =1:09 = 

1. Le OpereLa data oggi è MARTEdÌ, il 21 di febbraio 2017

I verbi: cercare pagare

Obiettivo

STUDENT ACTIVITIES MANUAL!Le Pagine 1 2 3 4 5 e 6 A fare il voto

OGGI - l’ORALE! a. Progetto Orale a finire! ORA III PRATICA PER LO SPETTACOLO!!! IL GRANDE RIPASSO

OGGI E DOMANI!!!b. Student Activities Manual Pagina 4 Pagina 5 Pagina 7

L’esame Capitolo 1A il 23 di febbraio 2017

Il Grande Ripasso

Dialogo Originale

I. In Gruppi (Groups)

II. CRTEATE AN ORIGINAL DIALOGUE:

-USA VOCABULARY FROM ITALIAN I -STRUTTURA (GRAMMAR) -CULTURA (CULTURE) III EACH STUDENT IN TRHE GROUP MUST HAVE 15 SENTENCES

IV. PRESENTATION:

-BEFORE THE PRESENTATION-GROUPS WILL WRITE FIVE (5) QUESTIONS ON THE BOARD ABOUT THE DIALOGUE

V. ASSESSMENT:

A. ORAL (25 POINTS) B. WRITTEN (25 PTS.) C. QUIZ (WHICH IS FORMED BY TAKING THE QUESTIONS FROM EACH GROUP) WILL TAKE PLACE AFTER ALL OF THE PRESENTATIONS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED. THE QUIZ SHALL BE TAKEN BY EACH GROUP. (20 PTS.)

FORZA RAGAZZI!

QUI LA GRAMATICA DI SENTIERI

A continuare………_____________________________________________________________

La Lezione di oggi:Il 14 di febbraio, 2017

Le OpereIl lavoro alla lavagna

Oggi: Il libro di SENTIERI

Student Activities ManuelPagina 1Pagina 2Pagina 3Pagina 4

Tutte le attività

‘

Sentieri Pagina 9!!!

Until next time ! Alla prossima!

Buon fine settimana ! Have a nice weekend!

Che c’è di nuovo? What’s new?

Ci sentiamo! Talk to you soon!

Ci vediamo ! See you soon!

Come te la passi? How are you getting along?

Ehilà! Hey there!

Il solito. The usual.

Niente di nuovo. Nothingh new.

Numbers in ItalianDetails of how to count in Italian with cardinal and ordinal numbers.

Key to abbreviations: m = masculine, f = feminine

Numeral Cardinal Ordinal

0 zero

1uno (m) una (f)

primo

2 due secondo

3 tre terzo

4 quattro quarto

5 cinque quinto

6 sei sesto

7 sette settimo

8 otto ottavo

9 nove nono

10 dieci decimo

11 undici undicesimo

12 dodici dodicesimo

13 tredici tredicesimo

14 quattordici quattordicesimo

15 quindici quindicesimo

16 sedici sedicesimo

17 diciassette diciassettesimo

18 diciotto diciottesimo

19 diciannove diciannovesimo

20 venti ventesimo

21 ventuno ventunesimo

22 ventidue ventiduesimo

23 ventitré ventitreesimo

24 ventiquattro ventiquattresimo

25 venticinque venticinquesimo

26 ventisei ventiseiesimo

27 ventisette ventisettesimo

28 ventotto ventottesimo

29 ventinove ventinovesimo

30 trenta trentesimo

40 quaranta quarantesimo

50 cinquanta cinquantesimo

60 sessanta sessantesimo

70 settanta settantesimo

80 ottanta ottantesimo

90 novanta novantesimo

100 cento centesimo

200 duecento duecentesimo

300 trecento trecentesimo

400 quattrocento quattrocentesimo

500 cinquecento cinquecentesimo

600 seicento seicentesimo

700 settecento settecentesimo

800 ottocento ottocentesimo

900 novecento novecentesimo

1.000 mille millesimo

10.000 diecimila diecimillesimo

100.000 centomila centomillesimo

1.000.000 un milione millionesimo

1.000.000.000

un miliardo milliardesimo

Definite Articles and Indefinite Articles and Nouns IN ITALIANO

Remember that in Italian, every noun is either masculine or feminine so the definite article, "the" in English, is either masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular or feminine plural.a. Masculine

Il : for masculine singular nouns which start with a consonant.

Il libro / the book Il vino / the wine Il tavolo / the table

L' : for masculine singular nouns which start with a vowel.L' orologio / the watchL'aereo / the planeL'albero / the tree

Lo : for masculine singular nouns which start with:

s + consonantlo studente, lo spagnolo, lo scontrino / the student, the Spanish guy, the receipt

z lo zaino, lo zio / the backpack, the uncle

y lo yogurt, lo yen / the yoghurt, the yen

ps lo psicologo / the psychologistpn lo pneumatico / the tyregn lo gnomo / the gnome

I : for masculine plural nouns which start with a consonant.I libri / the booksI vini / the wines I tavoli / the tables

Gli : for masculine plural nouns which start with a vowel, s + consonant, z, y, ps, pn, x or gn.Gli orologi / the watches Gli aerei / the planes

Gli alberi / the treesGli studenti / the studentsGli zaini / the backpacksGli yogurt / the yoghurtsGli psicologi / the psychologistsGli pneumatici / the tyresGli gnomi / the gnomes

b. Feminine

La : for feminine singular nouns which start with a consonant.La penna / the penLa camicia / the shirtLa sedia / the chair 

L' : for feminine singular singular nouns which start with a vowel.L' ape / the beeL'insalata / the salad L'ora / the hour

Le : for feminine plural nouns which start with a vowel or a consonant.Le penne / the pensLe camicie / the shirtsLe sedie / the chairsLe api / the beesLe insalate / the saladsLe ore / the hours

 

Indefinite Articles in italiano

a. Masculine indefinite articlesUn: this indefinite article is used when the noun is masculine singular and begins with a consonant or a vowel. Note that we don't use un',Un quaderno / a notebook Un libro / a book Un piatto / a dish Un uomo / a man Un albero / a tree Un aereo / a planeUno : when the noun is masculine singular and begins with s + consonant, ps, pn, z, x, y or gn.Uno stato / a state Uno psicologo / a psychologistUno pneumatico / a tyre Uno zoccolo / a hoof Uno xilofono / a xylophoneUno yacht / a yacht Uno gnomo / a gnome

b. Feminine indefinite articlesUna : this indefinite article is used when the noun is feminine singular and begins with a consonant.una macchina / a car una penna / a pen una sedia / a chairUn' : this indefinite article is used when the noun is feminine singular and begins with a vowel.un' infermiera / a nurse un' insalata / a salad un'ora / an hourIn the plural form, both masculine and feminine nouns use the indefinite adjectives Alcuni/e, Certi/e.E.g.: Alcuni uomini, Certe cose. 

Noun (Nome)     Italian nouns end in -o, -a, -tà, -e and, rarely, in -(t)ú. These ending in -o

are inherited from the Latin Second declension, and those in -a -- from the First declension. The nouns in -tà and -tú had formerly longer forms in -tate and -tute and as the other nouns in -e descended from the Latin Third declension. The word tribú tribe has preserved the -u of the Latin Forth declension, while the other nouns of this class acquired the ending -o.

Nouns of non-Latin origin may have different endings, mainly a consonant or an -i.     Gender of the Nouns (Genere dei Nomi)As in the other modern Romance languages, the nouns in Italian are either of masculine or of feminine gender.

Usually, the nouns in -o are  masculine and those in -a (-tà) are feminine, cf.:  

Masculines in -o Feminines in -a (-tà) tavolo table sviluppo development organismo organism

casa house rosa rose città city

§ The words eco echo, mano hand and others are feminine. See Feminine nouns ending in -o. § Many words ending in -a (mainly in -ta and -ma) are masculine; these are usually of Greek origin. See for details the List of Masculine nouns ending in -a. § The words in -tà ended formerly in -tate. § There are a few feminine nouns, like spia spy, guàrdia guard etc., that refers usually to male persons. See Feminine nouns in -a referring to males.

The nouns in -e may be masculine or feminine. Those referring to males are masculine and those referring to females are feminine, cf.:  

Masculine Feminine

padre father imperatore emperor 

 ...

madre mother imperatrice empress 

 ...

  For the nouns that denote inanimate objects gender seems randomly assigned and it is to be memorized:  Masculine Feminine

amore love codice code cuore heart giudice judge latte milk mare sea mese month sole sun

arte art corte court, yard croce cross fede faith legge law luce light pace peace voce voice

  Often the gender may be recognized by the suffixes.

Nouns ending in -tore / -sore (agent; often corresponding to E. -tor, -sor), -ore (abstract nouns; often corresponding to BE. -our), -ione (agent etc.; often = E. -ion), -one(augmentative = E. -on) etc. are masculine:

autore author, dittatore dictator; precursore precursor; colore colour, onore honor, orrore horror, sapore taste, umore 

mood, humour; campione champion, ladrone brigand; cannone cannon, milione million, padrone master, owner.

Nouns ending in -trice (agent), -tudine  (corresponding to E. -tude), -zione (-sione) / -gione (corresponding to E. -tion (-sion) / -son), etc. are feminine:

imperatrice empress; altitudine height, magnitudine magnitude; nazione nation, visione vision, ragione reason, stagione season

.

Nouns in -tú, like gioventú youth, servitú slavedom, virtú virtue etc., are feminine. The noun tribú tribe is masculine.

The nouns of non-Latin origin, ending in consonant, like film film, sport sport, tram tramway etc., are masculine. The nouns of Greek origin, ending in -i, like analisi analysis,sintesi synthesis etc., are feminine.

Abbreviated nouns retain the gender of the words from which they are derived.

foto f (from fotografia) picture; cinema m (from cinematografo) cinema; moto f (from motocicletta) motorcycle; auto f (from automobile) car; bici f (from bicicletta) bike.

    Feminine of the Nouns (Femminile dei Nomi)Feminine is often obtained from masculine by the alternation -o : -a in the endings, cf.:  

Masculine Feminine amico friend bambino little

boy cugino cousin

(he) figlio son maestro master,

teacher orso he-bear ragazzo boy zio uncle

amica friend bambina little girl cugina cousin (she) figlia daughter maestra teacher (female

) orsa she-bear ragazza girl zia aunt

  The alteration -e : -a also occurs, cf.:  Masculine Feminine

signore mister padrone master,

owner

signora mistress padrona mistress of

the house

  Feminine can be derived through suffixation:  

Suffix Change ExamplesMasculine Feminine Masculine Feminine

-|a -|essa poeta poet poetessa poetess-|e principe prince principessa princess-|o patrono patron patronessa patroness-|e -|ina eroe hero eroina heroine-|o gallo cock gallina hen

-|tore -|trice direttore director direttrice manageress  Sometimes masculine and feminine are derived from different (or modified) roots:  Masculine Feminine

frate friar fratello brother padre father padrino godfather uomo man  

... becco / capro he-

goat bove / toro bull montone ram papero gander paperone drake porco / verro boar

suora nun sorella sister madre mother madrina godmother donna woman  

... capra she-goat mucca / vacca cow pecora sheep papera /

anatra goose oca duck scrofa / troia female

swine

    

Nouns of common gender (Nomi di genero commune)

These are nouns with one form for both genders. Here are included:

1. All the nouns suffixed by -ista, cf.:

artista artist giornalista journalist pianista pianist turista tourist etc.

2. Some other nouns, like:

camerata comrade

compatriota compatriot

eresiarca heresiarch

idiota idiot omicida murderer patriot(t)a patriot

amante lover cliente client commerciante tr

ader consorte consor

t erede heir interprete interpr

eter

martire martyr nipote nephew, 

niece rivale rival testimone witne

ss

etc.

      Nouns of epicene gender (Nomi de genero epiceno)

These are nouns having but one form to indicate either sex. The natural sex is indicated by the adjectives maschio male and femmina female:

l'acquila (maschio / femmina) eagle la cicogna (maschio / femmina) stork il serpente (maschio / femmina) snake la volpe (maschio / femmina) fox.

    Plural of the Nouns (Plurale dei Nomi)Generally, the plural is derived according to the following rules:  

. Endings Examples

. Sg. Pl. Singular Plural

-|o -|i letto bed letti beds-|a -|e donna woman donne women-|e -|i leone lion leoni lions-|tà unchanged città city città cities-|tù unchanged virtù virtue virtù virtues

-|è unchanged (un) caffè (one) coffey (due) caffè (two) coffeys

-|i unchanged analisi analysis analisi analyses[cons.] unchanged tram tramway tram tramways

  

IN BOCCA AL LUPO!!!!!