how to reduce dependancy on oil - technical challenges...

Süd-Chemie AGDr.H.J.Wernicke 20.10.2006 13:32

HOW TO REDUCE DEPENDANCY ON OIL -TECHNICAL CHALLENGES FOR THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

XVI. Malente Symposium, Lübeck, Oct. 8-10, 2006

Dr. Hans J. WernickeSüd-Chemie, Munich


Known reserves might be exhausted in approx. 41 yearsWe have consumed in two centuries what nature had created over millions of years

Crude Oil: Drain The Cup To The Dregs ?


Impacts:

- Availability and Competing Use

- Technical and Economical Feasibility

- Environmental

- Geopolitical

Future Feedstocks forEnergy, Transport and Chemicals


Reserves to Consumption Ratios (years)Source: BP 2006 EnergySurvey, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften, 2003

Currently Known Feedstock Reserves forEnergy, Transport and Chemicals

41

65

207

198

42

0 50 100 150 200 250

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Subbituminous Coal

Bituminous Coal

Uranium

(excludes tar sands, gas hydrates)


Source:CTLTec2005, Beijing

Acid rain in China


Source: EIA, International Energy Outlook 2004

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 20250

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Mill

ion

Bar

rels

per

Day

History Projections

Exports

Domestic Production

Imports

China’s Oil Balance

Süd-Chemie AGDr.H.J.Wernicke 20.10.2006 13:32 Source:

The Energy Surge by Emerging Economies


Oil & Gas Supply: Also a Geopolitical Topic


Geographical Pattern of Gas Reserves

70% of Gas Reserves in Middle East (Qatar, Iran) and Russia

●●


The Strait of Hormus

60 km


Carbon Hydro-Carbon Hydrogen

CO2-EmissionEnergy Content

The Ultimate Strategy “Beyond Petroleum ®”

„Beyond Petroleum“ ® registered by BP

Decarbonising = Save and Replace Fossil Feedstocks


Coal NaturalGas


Oil Hydrogen

BiomassOther Renewables

The Initial Strategy: More Intelligent Use of OilDevelop Gas, Coal and Renewables as Base Feedstocks


Coal to Syngas

Coal Natural Gas

Syngas(CO + H2)

Fuels Chemicals

Gas to Chemicals

Gas to Liquids

NGto Syngas

OilBiomass

(Hydrogen)

Conversion of Gas and Coal:Always via “Synthesis Gas” (CO/H2)


Coal to Syngas

Coal Natural Gas

Syngas(CO + H2)

Fuels Chemicals

Gas to Chemicals

Gas to Liquids

NGto Syngas

OilBiomass

(Hydrogen)

Syngas(CO + H2)

Gas to Chemicals

Gas to Liquids

Süd-Chemie’s Catalysts = CTL/GTL-Facilitators


NaturalGas

Coal

The Technical Path of “Gas/Coal to Fuels/ Chemicals”

Methanol

Hydrogen

Fischer-Tropsch

CO/H2(Syngas)

Ammonia (Fertilizer)Electricity(Fuel Cells)

MTBEFormaldehydeAcetic AcidDME, DMM Olefins, PolymersSolventsGasolineDieselLubesWaxes


NaturalGas

Coal

Coal/Gas-to-Liquids: The Revival of a 1923 Technology

Methanol

Hydrogen

Fischer-Tropsch

CO/H2(Syngas)

Ammonia (Fertilizer)Electricity(Fuel Cells)

MTBEFormaldehydeAcetic AcidDME, DMM OlefinsGasolineDieselLubesWaxes

The Pioneers to generate Hydrocarbons fromCoal-based Synthesis Gas:

Franz Fischer (left) and Hans Tropsch (right) „Max Planck-Institut für Kohleforschung“, Mülheim


Sasol, Secunda, South AfricaCoal to Liquid


Coal and Gas to Chemicals:Lurgi MTP ® - Route to Polypropylene

NaturalGas

Coal

MethanolCO/H2(Syngas) MTP® Propylene

PP

Source: Lurgi

MTP® registered by Lurgi


First PP cup made entirely from natural gas

15.05.03Source: Lurgi,

Propylen/Polypropylen from Natural Gas


Sasol 18000 BPSD

Sasol 2&3160000 BPSDPetroSA

47000 BPSD

Shell Bintulu12000 BPSD

BP Alaska300 BPSD

RenTech Indonesia16000 BPSD

Syntroleum/Yakutgazprom13000 BPSD

Sasol Chevron Nigeria34000 BPSD

Shell 140000 BPSD

ConocoPhillips230000 BPSD

Sasol/QP34000 BPSD

Sasol/Chevron130000 BPSD

Syntroleum/Marathon90000 BPSD

In operationPlanned/under constructionProjected

ExxonMobil102000 BPSD

Selection of Gas & Coal -to-Liquids Projects

NinxiaShenhua2x80000 BPSD

TianjiHuatingVarious ChinaProjects

VariousCTL India

VariousCTL Americas

Shaanxi


- Significant CO2 –Reduction, but

- A Sustainable Option?- Sufficient Availability?- Ecological Feasibility?

?

„Biomass-to-Liquids/Chemicals“


GlycolesPolyoles

Bio- Ethanol

Polyesters

StarchSugars

Cellulosis

Glycerine

Bio-Diesel

FuelsChemicals

Oil Crops

GasificationSyngas

BTL

Chemicals

„Biomass-to-Liquids/Chemicals“


No Option !!!


Bio-Fuels need space: Yields per Hectar

Source: Choren


OLEOCHEMISTRY

FATS & OILS(Trigycerides)

Chemical Intermediates(Softeners, Solvents, etc.)

DetergentsCosmeticsMonomers(& Co-Monomers

Polymer-AdditivesLipidsProcessed FoodBio-Fuels

CatalystsEnzymes

150 Mio. tons / year

80 % Food15 % Oleochemicals

Vegetable Oils: Valuable Bio-Chemicals Feedstock


Hydrogen„clean and efficient“

Coal NaturalGas


Oil

Biomass

....but: source, transport, storage?

HYDROGEN


Hydrogen Production: Only long-term from Regenerative Sources

RenewableRenewable““CO2CO2--neutralneutral””

FossilFossilCO2CO2--generatinggenerating

Sun

WindWater

CoalCoal

Natural GasNatural GasBiomass


Biomass-Conversion contributes but is not able to satisfydemandHigh innovation potential for chemicals from vegetable oil, sugars, starch, cellulosis

Stretching the Crude Oil Reserves

Hydrogen-“Economy“: only a long-term optionHydrogen mostly made from fossil feedstocksLong-term availability of solar hydrogen?High investments into infrastructure for transport and storageare barriers

Gas/Coal-to-Liquids/Chemicals = GTL/GTC, CTL/CTC- Technical Feasibility is given- Commercial Feasibilty also given at crude prices > 35$/bbl- Ecological impact may be superseeded by economicaland geopolitical drivers

- No benefit concerning CO2-issue

ConclusionT

I M

E

how to reduce dependancy on oil - technical challenges...

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