how to recognize melanoma · 2019-07-10 · how to recognize melanoma zachary ginsberg dr. amit...
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How to Recognize Melanoma
Zachary Ginsberg
Dr. Amit Sharma
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Facts†:
One person dies of melanoma nearly every hour.
In 2016, 76,000 new cases of melanoma will be diagnosed
in the U.S.
In 2016, 10,000 people will die of melanoma.
About 86% of melanomas are due to the sun.
People with more than 5 sunburns over a lifetime double
their risk for melanoma.
Regular use of SPF 30 sunscreen can reduce the risk of
melanoma by 50%.
†Skin cancer facts and statistics on this page were taken from the Skin Cancer Foundation’s website: http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts
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Before you learn to recognize a
melanoma, it is important to
understand what a normal mole
looks like.
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A normal mole looks like these:
Characteristics of these normal moles:
Round
Distinct and smooth borders
Same color all over
Small size
Do not change in appearance as time goes on
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Melanomas
Melanomas are skin cancers. They appear
different from the other moles on the body.
If a certain growth on your skin looks
different from the others, it might be a
melanoma.
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ABCDEs of Melanoma
One way that might help you recognize a melanoma is by knowing
the ABCDEs of melanoma. If a growth on your skin fits the ABCDE
descriptions, it may be a melanoma.
Asymmetry: one half does not look like the other
half
Border: faded border with jagged edges and an
unusual shape
Color: different shades or colors within
Diameter: wider than 6 millimeters (the width of
a pencil)
Evolving: different from the other moles and may
be changing in size, shape, or color
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Melanoma:
This melanoma has asymmetry.
The left half does not look like the
right half.
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What is unusual
about this melanoma?
What makes it stand
out from the
surrounding moles?
Look closely at how
there are various
groups of brown
inside. The overall
organization is
asymmetrical.
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The closer we zoom in,
the easier it is to see
the different clusters
of brown. These
melanomas all have
asymmetry.
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Melanomas can be hard to
find because they don’t
always have to be dark and
stand out.
What makes this melanoma
unusual is the border. Its
border is not crisp and
distinct from the
surrounding area. Instead, it
fades out.
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The shape of this melanoma is
not clear. That is because the
border is not distinct.
It sticks out around the edges
instead of being round.
The color of the border fades into
the color of the skin around it.
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Can you see how these
melanomas have borders
that are spread out and
jagged? Can you see how
the borders blend into the
surrounding skin?
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This melanoma has an unusual color.
Melanomas can have a very dark
purple color, like this one.
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Do you notice the color of these melanomas?
Can you also see how the color is not the
same all over the whole melanoma?
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These two melanomas have a dark purple or
brown center that makes them stand out.
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Melanomas can also have a red
color. This one looks like a red
bump on the skin.
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Can you see how the color of these
melanomas is pink and red, not brown?
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Most melanomas stand out. What makes this one stand
out?
It looks big and bumpy. The diameter (distance across the
melanoma) is definitely bigger than the width of a pencil.
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This melanoma
was bigger
than all the
other moles
around it. It
stands out
because of its
diameter.
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The larger brown spot is a
harmless birthmark, but can
you see the very dark spot
inside?
That’s a melanoma. It kept
growing bigger and getting
darker. It was evolving
(changing in shape and color),
indicating it was cancerous.
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These melanomas have strange shapes and colors inside. They
started as normal looking, but over time evolved. Now they look
bigger and more different from the moles around them.
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Now that you have seen
examples of the ABCDEs, let’s
see how much you learned.
Look for the ABCDEs in the
following melanomas.
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Can you see how
this melanoma
has asymmetry?
The left half does not match the right
half. It has a light brown right side and a
raised dark brown spot on the left side.
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Does this
melanoma have an
unusual shape?
Its border is shaped like an
oval with a tapered end.
Its diameter is much larger
than the diameter of the
moles around it.
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Neither
melanoma
is round.
This one is shaped
like an “L”.
This one is shaped
like a heart.
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What is different
about this melanoma?
Do you think it has
different shades of
brown?
It has light and dark
brown colors inside.
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These two
melanomas
have different
colors inside.
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This melanoma has a
border that blends into
the surrounding skin.
This melanoma started
out light and small, but
has evolved into the
dark, large growth that
you see here.
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Can you
recognize the
ABCDEs in these
melanomas?
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
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By now, you can see how all of these
melanomas differ from the images at
the beginning of the book showing
what a normal mole looks like.
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This publication was made possible through the support of
the Christian Haub Family Career Development Award in
Cancer Research at Mayo Clinic Arizona Honoring Dr. Richard
F. Emslander.
All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any
manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the
use of brief quotations in a book review or scholarly journal.
First Printing: 2016
Amit Sharma, M.D.
13400 East Shea Boulevard
Scottsdale, AZ 85259