how to present a scientific paper

7/26/2019 How to Present a Scientific Paper

1/23

How to present ascientific paper

Dr. Rebecca B. Riggins

Department of Oncology, Georgetown University

[email protected]


2/23

Outline

Preliminary thoughts on the assigned

reading

Typical structure of a scientific paper

Differences dictated by journal in which it is

published

Discussion of Zhao et al., with

comparisons to Schafer et al. inal thoughts on the assigned reading


3/23

Todays readings


4/23

A scientific paper is like an hourglass

!ntroduction

"#aterials and #ethods$

%esults

Discussion

&bstract ' mini hourglass


5/23

The width of the hourglass is

inversely proportional to importance

%(S)*TSand the

+P-T+(S!S%&T!-

/&*( are 0ey when it

comes to presentinga scientific paper

The !ntroduction is

useful for bac0ground

The Discussion is auseful summary

!ntroduction

"#aterials and #ethods$

%esults

Discussion


6/23

Zhao et al.: r!"#$ glycolysis$ and

!reast cancer growth

Key words in the title will be better described in the

Introduction sectionThis should guide you in preparing 3 or 4 slides to

introduce the paper and why the study is important


7/23

%ancer cell meta!olism

/ormal cells and cancer cells differ in how theyderi1e energy from glucose

/ormal2 aerobic

3ancer2 anaerobic

3ancer cell glycolysis dependence ' 4arburg

effect

!plain t"is grap"ically using simple images

O2+glucoseglycolysisoxidative phosphorylation38 ATP

glucoseglycolysis only2 ATP


8/23

&lease 'O(Tdo this


9/23

A simple diagram of glycolysis vs.

o)idative phosphorylation

http://www.nutritionaloncology.org/images/aerobicGlycolysis.jpg

Multiple molecules and

pathways can regulate

glycolysis

Some of these include:Ras, PI3K, mTOR,

Src

These are all targets ofthe receptor tyrosine

kinase ErbB2

Please cite your source!


10/23

The full r!" family signaling pathway

E

r

b

B

1

E

r

b

B

1

c-Fos

El

k1 c-Jun

mTOR

PDK1

HBEGF

PLC-

PKC

Nck

Ras

Raf

MEK

1/2

ERKs

p38

JNK

PI3K

p70S6K

Akt/

PKB

PAK

CDC42

Anti-Apoptosis

E

r

b

B

1

E

r

b

B

2

E

r

b

B

3

E

r

b

B

4

TGF

EGFAreg

Btc

Ereg

Nrg1,2

MKK

3/6

GRB2

SOS

SHC

Nrg

3,4

Translation

*ene )pression

E

r

b

B

3

E

r

b

B

3

GSK3

FKHR

E

r

b

B

4

E

r

b

B

4

E

r

b

B

4

E

r

b

B

4

E

r

b

B

1

E

r

b

B

4

E

r

b

B

3

E

r

b

B

2

2009

ProteinLounge.com

C


11/23

+elevant r!" family signaling

E

r

b

B

1

E

r

b

B

1

c-FosElk1

c-Jun

mTOR

PDK1

HBEGF

Ras

Raf

MEK

1/2

ERKs

p38

JNK

PI3K

p70S6K

Akt/

PKB

PAK

CDC42

Anti-Apoptosis

E

r

b

B

1

E

r

b

B

2

TGF

EGFAreg Btc

Ereg

Nrg1,2

MKK

3/6

GRB2

SOS

SHC

Translation

*ene )pression

GSK3

FKHR

E

r

b

B

3

E

r

b

B

2

2009

ProteinLounge.com

C

Ligands

Receptors

Intracellular

signaling

Translation


12/23

How might r!"# regulate glycolysis,

*actate dehydrogenase & "*D+5&$ is a 0ey

glycolytic en6yme, and its e7pression is

increased in mouse mammary epithelial

cells that o1ere7press a form of (rb89 +eat shoc0 factor : "+S:$ is a transcription

factor that regulates glucose metabolism

which is itself regulated by %as "a target of

(rb89$

Does (rb89 regulate glycolysis through

these molecules;


13/23

)perimental results

Select 0ey figures that illustrate the

important points

These are often positi1e, but if there is room

for criticism please pro1ide it

Do /-T attempt to describe e1ery panel of

e1ery figure


14/23

Overe)pression of r!# promotes

glycolysis in !reast cancer cells

O2 consumption



15/23

Overe)pression of r!"# increases

-'HA and H/01

and knockdown of ErbB2 reduces LDH-A expression and glycolysis


16/23

'ownregulation of H/01 2 reduced

-'HA and glycolysis

Use of Hsf1 -/- cells is a way

to confirm siRNA results


17/23

*lycolysis inhi!itors$ r!"#$ and

cancer


2DG = glucose analog that cannot undergo glycolysis

Oxamate = inhibitor of LDH, which converts pyruvate to lactate

Oligomycin = inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation

Are ErbB2

overexpressing cells

more sensitive to

glycolysis inhibitors

(and less sensitive to

oxidative

phosphorylation

inhibitor)?


18/23

Overe)pression of r!"# 2

sensitivity to glycolysis inhi!itors$

and sensitivity to o)idative

phosphorylation inhi!itorsGlycolysis inhibitor Oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor

Similar results with 2DG in another

cell line overexpressing ErbB2


19/23

'ownregulation H/01 inhi!its r!"#

effects on glycolysis and sensitivity to

inhi!itors

Again, use of Hsf1 -/- cells is a way

to confirm siRNA results


20/23

/ummary of +esults

E

r

b

B

1

E

r

b

B

2

Upregulation of HSF1 protein

Increased LDH-A expression, enzyme activity

E

r

b

B

1

E

r

b

B

2

E

r

b

B

1

E

r

b

B

2

Increased glycolysis

Increased cell growth

Glycolysis inhibitors

ErBB2 siRNA

HSF1 siRNA


21/23

'iscussion section

This is a summary of the major findings,

and their importance for the field of study

The first paragraph is the summary

Subse


22/23

/chafer et al.: meta!olic defects due to

cellular detachment

/ature papers are =different>


23/23

Thank you for your attention3

?uestions;

!f you would li0e an electronic copy of this

presentation, you can download it here2

http2openwetware.orgwi0i%iggins@*ab

)nder %esources, clic0 =*ectures>

3lic0 =+ow to present a scientific paper>
http://openwetware.org/wiki/Riggins_Labhttp://openwetware.org/wiki/Riggins_Lab

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