Geo-Sung KIM (gs@ti.or.kr)

Transparency International – Korea

March 26, 2009

Macao SAR, P. R. China

How to Overcome Short-termism

In Anti-Corruption Strategy:

Youth Integrity Promotion

8th Regional Seminar

“Good Practices in Corruption Prevention”

Moralism?

• R. Klitgaard, Controlling Corruption, 1988

– Moralist trauma

– Anticorruption Policies for Practical Purpose

– A Judgment on 1) Moralist Approach

©TI-Korea, 2009 2

Legalism?

• UNCAC gap analysis

– What are the mandatory/voluntary requirements of

the convention?

– Did we accomplish them or not?

• Is there any law, works perfectly?

• Legalistic bias?

©TI-Korea, 2009 3

Institutionalism?

• Transparency International, National Integrity

System, 2000

– The concept of NIS _ Pillars of the temple:

– No emphasis on moral basis

– Bias of 3) Institutionalism

©TI-Korea, 2009 4

©Transparency International, 2000 5

©TI-Korea, 2009 6

Short-termism in A-C Strategy

• The most powerful tool to prevent

corruption

– Regulations: FCPA?

– Conventions: OECD? UNCAC?

– Institutions: ICAC?

• Short-termism as a reaction from the

moralist trauma?

©TI-Korea, 2009 7

Ethical Infra-structure

• Now is the time to reconcile!

– To avoid pseudo-holistic approaches

– For the longer term approaches

• The movement has to emphasize more on the

ethical infrastructure, as one of core and basic

elements of NIS, like the basis of the

Parthenon temple, Acropolis meaning stone

mountain.

©TI-Korea, 2009 8

Youth Integrity

• Among others, Youth Integrity is a basic

foundation of a sound National Integrity

System as well as of Global Integrity System.

©TI-Korea, 2009 9

Youth Integrity Index

• TI National Chapters agreed to develop Youth

Integrity Index.

• In July 2008, TI-Korea hosted YII workshop in

Seoul, Korea.

• A methodology with a common questionnaire

for YII was developed by 25 participants from

various countries:

©TI-Korea, 2009 10

©TI-Korea, 2009 11

Questionnaire of YII 2008

• HOW DO YOU AGREE / DISAGREE WITH THE FOLL

OWING STATEMENTS:

• It is acceptable for my best friend to cheat in exam.

• It is acceptable for leaders to do something which might

be illegal as long as they can make my living better.

• Being rich is more important than being honest (integral).

• In order to win student club leader’s election, it is accept

able to buy snacks and gifts in the campaigning process.

• Giving a “gift” to a teacher is a good way to get better gra

des.

©TI-Korea, 2009 12

Questionnaire of YII 2008• It is not necessary for student to specify sources of citation in case they

copy articles from internet and incorporate in their own homework.

• A government official can ask a special favor of the service taker/clients in

return.

• Even if my best friend who cheated in a test, I would report the case to the

teacher/ parent / someone I trust anyway.

• Waiting in a long queue, I would try to cut it to get to the movie faster.

• If there were no inspector /sergeant, I might not follow the traffic rules.

• I would inform proper authority about someone who engages in crime

and/or corruption.

• It is acceptable for my family to get rich by abusing power or breaking the

law.

©TI-Korea, 2009 13

©TI-Korea, 2009 14

Structure of the questionnaire

Moral

/ Ethics

Righteous-

ness

Law

abiding

Anti-

Corruption

Cognitive 3 4 1 2

Affective 6 5 7 8

Behavioral 9 11 10 12

©TI-Korea, 2009 15

YII pilot surveys in 2008

• TI’s national chapters in Bangladesh,

India, South Korea, and Mongolian IAAC

participated in the 2008 pilot surveys.

• Period: September, 2008

• Sample size: +/- 1,000 per country

©TI-Korea, 2009 16

Major Findings of YII 2008

8.45

7.55

6.11

6.64

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia

YII 2008 scores

Overall score (Q1-12)

©TI-Korea, 2009 17

8.40

7.28

5.89

6.54

8.49

7.91

6.32

6.73

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia

male female

©TI-Korea, 2009 18

8.61

6.64

8.20

6.03

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

Bangladesh Korea

taken not-taken

©TI-Korea, 2009 19

8.35

7.42

6.256.62

5.82

6.72

8.55

7.75

6.48

6.73

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia

large size/urban middle size small size/rural

©TI-Korea, 2009 20

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12

Bangladesh 9.32 8.69 5.87 8.03 8.64 9.20 8.40 8.00 8.80 8.67 8.54 9.18

India 8.22 7.74 7.58 6.77 7.83 7.39 8.23 5.58 7.25 8.17 7.32 8.54

Korea 6.19 6.33 4.96 5.54 7.59 5.90 7.39 4.76 6.78 4.65 6.24 6.94

Mongolia 5.74 6.74 6.38 7.96 7.59 7.30 6.81 3.49 6.47 7.16 6.79 7.22

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

©TI-Korea, 2009 21

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

Q8

Q9

Q10

Q11

Q12

MEAN

7.4 7.4

6.2

7.1

7.9

7.4

7.7

5.5

7.3

7.27.2

8.0

7.2

mean

©TI-Korea, 2009 22

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia

7.98

7.58

5.76

6.71

8.56

7.26

6.41 6.30

8.80

7.82

6.15

6.91

COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE BEHAVIORAL

©TI-Korea, 2009 23

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia

7.96

7.41

5.88

6.72

8.40

7.31

6.46

7.45

8.80

8.21

6.08

6.57

8.62

7.29

6.01 5.82

MORAL/ETHICS RIGHTEOUNESS LAW-ABIDING ANTI-CORRUPTION

©TI-Korea, 2009 24

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

Bangladesh India Korea Mongolia

8.45

7.55

6.11

6.64

2.1

3.4

5.6

3.0

YII 2008 CPI 2008

Major Lessons

• In South Korea, YII 2008 could get very

important response from the media.

• More than 15 newspapers wrote editorials or

columns on the issue of youth integrity and

education.

• As we experienced through the movement

(CPI), measurement can be a good port for

further navigation toward sea.

©TI-Korea, 2009 25

Further Steps of YII

• There were some limitations.

• Further development for a better methodology

and a revised questionnaire, needed.

• In 2009, Youth Integrity Index with the

participation of more countries.

• Youth Integrity Index will be followed by

Youth Integrity Promotion Program.

©TI-Korea, 2009 26

Youth Integrity Promotion

• Youth Integrity Index

– Measuring > Calling for Integrity Education

• Youth Integrity Network

– Networking > Empowering

• Youth Integrity Education

– Developing > Education

– tools for YIE

– Global Youth Integrity Conference

©TI-Korea, 2009 27

Welcome aboard!

• Youth Integrity Index, 2009

– Period: September, 2009

– Sample Size: +/- 1,000

– Common Questionnaire (rev.)

– Result: 3rd CoSP to UNCAC

– Prior approval needed, by June 30, 2009

• Your participation in YIP is also crucial.

• TI and TI-Korea will appreciate any kind of

supports for YII and YIP.©TI-Korea, 2009 28

감사합니다!

謝謝!Thank you!