How to Meet Yours and How to Meet Yours and YourYour

Children‘s Emotional Children‘s Emotional NeedsNeeds

如何滿足您和您兒女如何滿足您和您兒女的情感需要？的情感需要？

By By

Sherry (Qinyue) Liu, MD, Ph.DSherry (Qinyue) Liu, MD, Ph.D

心理健康 心理健康 • • Mental HealthMental Health 健康: 生理 + 心理 Health:

Physical and Mental health.

心理問題常有生理上的表現，例如頭痛、血壓偏高、肌肉發麻等。 Mental problems can be manifested as physically ill, such as headache, mildly elevated BP or numbness and so on.

心理健康又名行為健康， 因為心理疾病通常有行為上的表現。 Mental health is also named behavioral health. Mental illnesses manifest behavioral problems.

心理疾病指嚴重的心理問題已破壞人的正常生活能力。Mental illness means that your functioning is impaired.

心理健康 心理健康 • • Mental HealthMental Health 心理疾病與生理疾病相似，它受到家庭基因、大腦化學物

質反應、腦部受損等因素影響。 Mental illness is like other physical illness, it is influenced by family genetics, chemical reactions, insult to the brain and other factors.

心理疾病不同於生理疾病，它與我們身處的環境有緊密的聯繫。 Mental illness is different from physical illness since it has constant interaction with the environment we are in at the time.

我們的心理狀況隨時隨地都有改變。 Mental states change every minute.

輕度─例如工作和家庭壓力所造成的壓抑。需要向別人傾訴，短期內可好轉。 Mildly impaired, such as distress from job and family life. You need to talk to someone and it can be over in a short period of time.

中度─如親人去世、財政困難或子女問題所造成的壓抑。需要向別人傾訴，及尋求心理專業人員的幫助。 Moderately stressed out, such as family death, finance difficulties and children are in troubles. May need to talk to someone or seeking professional help .

重度─大腦化學物質已失去平衡，例如躁郁症和抑鬱症。 需要專業治療。 Severely impaired – chemicals are not in places, such as Bipolar Disorder or Major Depressive Disorder. Need professional help.

心理疾病有不同嚴重程度，治療方法也相應各異Different levels of mental illness, different treatment

目標目標 • • GoalsGoals 認識您和您家人所面對的壓抑來源。

Identify the distress yourself and your loved ones have.

了解您和您家人所處的環境。 Understand the environments of you and your loved ones.

判斷是否有需要尋求心理專業人員的幫助。 Determine the need for professional help or not.

尋找您可以接受幫助的途徑。 Look for the resources you can get help from.

心理學 與 精神病學心理學 與 精神病學Psychology vs. PsychiatryPsychology vs. Psychiatry

心理學： 有關心理狀態的生理學 心理學家是哲學博士，為輕中度心理疾病提供心理咨詢和治療。 Psychology: Physiology of the mental states. Psychologists are Ph.Ds, who provide counseling and psychotherapies for mild pathology of the mind.

精神病學：有關心理狀態的病理學 精神科醫生是醫學博士，為中重度心理疾病提供藥物治療與精神療法。 Psychiatry: Pathology of the mental states. Psychiatrists are MDs, providing medication management & psychotherapies.

心理疾病是基於生理病變的疾病，和高血壓、糖尿病、癌症等疾病一樣。

Pathology of the mind is a biological illness, like other illnesses, such as hypertension, diabetes and cancers.

Erik Erikson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development

1). Trust vs. Mistrust The infant must form a first loving, trusting relationship with the caregiver, or develop a sense of mistrust.

2). Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt The child's energies are directed toward the development of physical skills,including walking, grasping, and rectal sphincter control. The child learns control but may develop shame and doubt if not handled well

3). Initiative vs. Guilt The child continues to become more assertive and to take more initiative, but may be too forceful, leading to guilt feelings.

4). Industry vs. Inferiority The child must deal with demands to learn new skills or risk a sense of inferiority ,failure and incompetence.

5). Identity vs. Role Confusion The teenager must achieve a sense of identity in occupation, sex roles, politics, and religion.

6). Intimacy vs. Isolation The young adult must develop intimate relationships or suffer feelings of isolation

7). Generativity vs. Stagnation Each adult must find some way to satisfy and support the next generation.

8). Ego Integrity vs. Despair The culmination is a sense of oneself as one is and of feeling fulfilled.

How to manage your teens

Understand your child what/who s/he is. What s/he is Understand your child what/who s/he is. What s/he is good at and not good at, expend to the best of their good at and not good at, expend to the best of their ability to something they are good at. ability to something they are good at.

Hearing them, not just listen to them. Work with them. Hearing them, not just listen to them. Work with them. More respect, trust and supportMore respect, trust and support

Give more space to have themselves to manage their Give more space to have themselves to manage their own affairs, help them handling peer pressures, peer own affairs, help them handling peer pressures, peer pressure can be positive and negative. It helps define pressure can be positive and negative. It helps define who we are and how we feel about subjects in our who we are and how we feel about subjects in our lives. It is how we chose to react to peer pressure that lives. It is how we chose to react to peer pressure that defines who we are as an individual.defines who we are as an individual.

Set limits. A process of interacting, adjust the Set limits. A process of interacting, adjust the expectationsexpectations

A little winding road or failure in early life can be a A little winding road or failure in early life can be a positive experience. positive experience.

憂鬱 憂鬱 // 抑鬱症抑鬱症 • • DepressionDepression

什麼是 Depression ？ 憂鬱：對關係破裂、工作不如意或不可解決的衝突而產生的自然反

應。 Sadness: natural reactions for the ending a relationship, a disappointment for a job failure or a conflict that cannot be resolved.

抑鬱症：指抑鬱的症候群，這些症狀破壞患者日常生活的能力。 Clinical depression: Constellation of symptoms and signs, these symptoms in general impair the functional level of your daily life.

人生階段與憂鬱 / 抑鬱症 抑鬱症在不同年齡段有不同的表徵─幼年、青年、中年、老年 Depression

has different faces at different ages.

抑鬱症的表徵與症狀抑鬱症的表徵與症狀Signs and Symptoms of DepressionSigns and Symptoms of Depression

感覺壓抑 / 興趣全無 Feeling depressed/anhendonic

睡眠與食欲的改變 Altered sleep and appetite 精力與注意力減弱 Decreased energy and

concentration

緊張、憤怒、不安與孤僻 Tense, angry, anxious, isolative

過度的內疚感與頻繁的自殺傾向 Excessive guilt feelings and frequent suicidal thoughts

幻覺與幻聽 Seeing ghost or hearing voices

Teen depression Problems at school , Running away Substance abuse “self-medicate” Low self-esteem Eating disorders Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating, and

yo-yo dieting are often signs of unrecognized depression.

Internet addiction Teens may go online to escape from their problems. But excessive computer use only increases their isolation and makes them more depressed.

Self-injury Cutting, burning, and other kinds of self-mutilation.

Reckless behavior engage in dangerous or high-risk behaviors, such as reckless driving, out-of-control drinking, and unsafe sex.

Violence Some depressed teens (usually boys who are the victims of bullying) become violent.

Suicide

Teen depression Irritable or angry mood – As noted above, irritability,

rather than sadness, is often the predominant mood in depressed teens. A depressed teenager may be grumpy, hostile, easily frustrated, or prone to angry outbursts.

Unexplained aches and pains - Depressed teens frequently complain about physical ailments such as headaches or stomachaches. If a thorough physical exam does not reveal a medical cause, these aches and pains may indicate depression.

Extreme sensitivity to criticism - Depressed teens are plagued by feelings of worthlessness, making them extremely vulnerable to criticism, rejection, and failure. This is a particular problem for “over-achievers.”

Withdrawing from some, but not all people - While adults tend to isolate themselves when depressed, teenagers usually keep up at least some friendships.

Teen depression and causes CONFUSION: Teenagers are often left to wonder

whether or not he or she is accepted. With the distinct of our heritages, many of our children got confused as who are we and where we belong?

LOW-SELF ESTEEM: Many times a person’s permanent self-esteem, which lasts through adulthood, is formed in the teenage years. A teenager is in a very critical environment and can be emotionally affected in a major way. Peer pressure, parental pressure, pressure from teacher’s, pressure from coaches, pressure from boyfriends or girlfriends can all contribute to a whirlwind of stress that can create clinical teen depression.

VOLUNABLE: Teen depression can be the result of bad grades, failure to be accepted into a University, being broken up with, being ostracized by peers, or something as simple as having a bad hair day. While some of these examples may seem trivial to more mature individuals they can add up to a real case of clinical depression. Feelings of depression can be serious no matter how silly the origin may seem.

治療 • Treatment

心理治療 Psychotherapies

藥物治療 Psychopharmacology ANTIDEPRESSANTS SSRI: prozac, zoloft, luvox, paxil, celexa, lexapro

TCAs: Nortriptyline, clomipramine, amitriptylineOthers: Wellbutrin, Effexor, Serozone,

Remeron MOOD STABLIZERSLithium Carbonate, Depakote,

Tegretol, Trileptal and so on.

謝謝大家 !

Q & A