how to interpret pulmonary angiogram

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How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram Vikas Aggarwal MD, MPH Interventional Cardiologist University of Michigan @vikasaggarwalmd Vladimir Lakhter DO Interventional Cardiologist Temple University Hospital @VladLakhter

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Page 1: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Vikas Aggarwal MD, MPH

Interventional Cardiologist

University of Michigan

@vikasaggarwalmd

Vladimir Lakhter DO

Interventional Cardiologist

Temple University Hospital

@VladLakhter

Page 2: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Vikas Aggarwal Vlad Lakhter

Page 3: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

DisclosuresVikas Aggarwal: I have no relevant relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

Vladimir Lakhter: I have no relevant relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

Page 4: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

RIGHT LUNG

Page 5: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

University of Virginia: PA anatomy

Page 6: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram
Page 7: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

RIGHT UPPER LOBE (3 segments)

• A1 – apical segment

• A2 – posterior segment

• A3 – anterior segment

Page 8: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

University of Virginia: PA anatomy

Truncus Anterior

Apical (A1) segmentAnterior (A3) segment

Page 9: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

University of Virginia: PA anatomy

Posterior (A2) Segment

Most commonlyOriginates directly from

INTERLOBAR Artery

Page 10: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

Page 11: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

A3

A2

Page 12: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

Page 13: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

A1

A3

A2

Page 14: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

A3

A2

Anterior Posterior

A1

A3

A2

Page 15: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

RIGHT MIDDLE LOBE

• A4 – lateral segment

• A5 – medial segment

Page 16: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

University of Virginia: PA anatomy

Page 17: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

University of Virginia: PA anatomy

Common RML trunk

Anterior VesselOriginates from IL arteryAnterior to A6 segment

Gives rise to A4 and A5 segments

Page 18: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

Page 19: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

Page 20: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A4 (Lateral RML)

Page 21: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A5 (Middle RML)

A4 (Lateral RML)

Page 22: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Anterior Posterior

Anterior Posterior

Page 23: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Anterior Posterior

Anterior Posterior

A4

A5

RLL

RML

Page 24: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

RIGHT LOWER LOBE (5 segments)

• A6 – superior segment

• A7 – medial segment

• A8 – anterior segment

• A9 – lateral segment

• A10 – posterior segment

Page 25: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

University of Virginia: PA anatomy

Superior Segment RLL

Has medial and lateral subsegmental branches

Page 26: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

University of Virginia: PA anatomy

Anteromedial trunk

Medial (A7) segmentLateral (A8) segment

Page 27: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

University of Virginia: PA anatomy

Posterolateral trunk

Lateral (A9) segmentPosterior (A10) segment

Page 28: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram
Page 29: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A6 Medial subs

A6 lateral subs

Page 30: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A6 Medial subs

A6 lateral subs

A8

A7

Page 31: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A6 Medial subs

A6 lateral subs

A7

A9A10

A8

Page 32: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

Page 33: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

A6

Page 34: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

A6

A7

Page 35: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Anterior PosteriorAnterior Posterior

A6

A7

A9

A10

Page 36: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

LEFT LUNG

Page 37: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram
Page 38: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram
Page 39: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

LEFT UPPER LOBE (2 segments)

• Truncus Anterior is absent

• A1+2 – apical-posterior segment

• A3 – anterior segment

Page 40: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram
Page 41: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1+2

A3

Page 42: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

LINGULA (2 segments)

• A4 – Superior Lingula

• A5 – Inferior Lingula

• Marked anatomic variation in the number of subsegmental branches

Page 43: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Lingula

Superior (A4) lingulaInferior (A5) lingula

Page 44: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

NOTE: Superior (A6) segment

Has medial and lateral subsegmentsOverlaps with lingular branches

Page 45: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram
Page 46: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A4 (superior Lingula)

Page 47: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

LEFT LOWER LOBE (4 segments)

• A6 – Superior segment

• A7+8 – Anteromedial segment• There is no A7 (medial) segment due to cardiac silhouette

• A9 – Lateral segment

• A10 – Posterior segment

Page 48: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Anteromedial trunk

Directed laterally in the frontalFrontal projection

Page 49: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Posterolateral trunk

Lateral (A9) segmentPosterior (A10) segment

Directed medially in an AP projection

Page 50: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram
Page 51: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A6medial

A6lateral

Page 52: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A6medial

A6lateral

A7+8

Page 53: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A6medial

A6lateral

A7+8

A9A10

Page 54: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Posterior Anterior

Posterior Anterior

Page 55: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Posterior Anterior

Posterior Anterior

A1+2

A3

Page 56: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Posterior Anterior

Posterior Anterior

A1+2

A3

A4

A5

Page 57: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Posterior Anterior

Posterior Anterior

A1+2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A7+8

A9A10

Page 58: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

RIGHT FRONTAL – PERFUSION MAP

Page 59: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

Anterior PosteriorLateral Medial

FRONTAL (AP) PROJECTION LATERAL PROJECTION

Page 60: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1Apical RUL

A1Anterior Posterior

Apical RUL

Lateral Medial

Page 61: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1

A3Anterior RUL

A1Anterior Posterior

A3Anterior RUL

Lateral Medial

Page 62: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1

A3

A4Lateral RML

A1

A3

A4 / A5

Anterior Posterior

Lateral and Medial RML

Lateral Medial

Page 63: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1

A3

A5A4Medial RML

A1

A3

A4 / A5

Anterior Posterior

Lateral and Medial RML

Lateral Medial

Page 64: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1

A3

A4

A7A8

A5

Anterior RLL

A1

A3

A4 / A5

A8

Anterior Posterior

Anterior RLL

Lateral Medial

Page 65: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1

A3

A4

A7A8

A5

A1

A3

A4 / A5

A8A7

Anterior Posterior

Medial RLL

Medial RLL

Lateral Medial

Page 66: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1

A3

A4

A7A8

A5

A1

A3

A4 / A5

A8A7

Anterior Posterior

Area of Anterior Vessel

Overlap(A5 and A7)

Lateral Medial

Page 67: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1

A3

A4

A7A8

A2

A5

Posterior RUL

A1

A2

A3

A4 / A5

A8A7

Anterior Posterior

Posterior RUL

Lateral Medial

Page 68: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1

A3

A4

A7A8

A2

A5

A6Superior RLL

A1

A2

A3

A4 / A5A6

A8A7

Anterior Posterior

Medial RLL

Superior RLL

Lateral Medial

Page 69: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1

A3

A4

A7A8

A2

A5

A6

A9Lateral RLL

A1

A2

A3

A4 / A5A6

A8A7

A9 / A10

Anterior Posterior

Lateral and Posterior RLL

Lateral Medial

Page 70: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1

A3

A4

A7A8

A2

A5

A6

A9

A10Posterior RLL

A1

A2

A3

A4 / A5A6

A8A7

A9 / A10

Anterior Posterior

Lateral and Posterior RLL

Lateral Medial

Page 71: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

LEFT LUNG

Page 72: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

FRONTAL (AP) PROJECTION LATERAL PROJECTION

Anterior Posterior

Page 73: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1+2

Anterior Posterior

Apical – Posterior LUL

A1+2Apical – Posterior LUL

Page 74: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1+2

A3

Anterior Posterior

Anterior LUL

A1+2

A3Anterior LUL

Page 75: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1+2

A3

A4

Anterior Posterior

Superior Lingula

A1+2

A3

A4Superior Lingula

Page 76: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1+2

A3

A4

A5

Anterior Posterior

Inferior Lingula

A1+2

A3

A4

A5Inferior Lingula

Page 77: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1+2

A3

A4

A5

A6

Anterior Posterior

Superior LLL

A1+2

A3

A4

A5A6Superior LLL

Page 78: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1+2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A8 (7)

Anterior Posterior

Antero-medial LLL

A1+2

A3

A4

A5A6

A8 (7)Anteromedial LLL

Page 79: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

A1+2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A8 (7)

A9 / A10

Anterior Posterior

Postero-lateral LLL

A1+2

A3

A4

A5A6

A8 (7)

A10 / A9 Posterolateral LLL

Page 80: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

PA gram annotation exercise

Page 81: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram
Page 82: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

Page 83: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Page 84: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Page 85: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Page 86: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Page 87: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

Page 88: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

Page 89: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

A7 vs. A10

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

Page 90: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

A7 vs. A10

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

Page 91: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

A7 vs. A10

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

TA

A3A1

Page 92: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

A7 vs. A10

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

TA

A3A1

Page 93: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

A7 vs. A10

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

TA

A3A1

Page 94: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

A7 vs. A10

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

TA

A3A1

Page 95: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

A7 vs. A10

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

TA

A3A1

Ostialocclusion

Page 96: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

A7 vs. A10

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

TA

A3A1

Ostialocclusion

A6

Page 97: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

A7 vs. A10

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

TA

A3A1

Ostialocclusion

A6

Page 98: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

A7 vs. A10

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

TA

A3A1

Ostialocclusion

A6

Page 99: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TA

A1

A3

Medial VesselMedial A6 subseg(most likely) vs.A5 (less likely)

A8 vs. A9 (less likely)

A7 vs. A10

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

TA

A3A1

Ostialocclusion

A6

Page 100: How to Interpret Pulmonary Angiogram

TAKE HOME POINTS

• Wide variation in pulmonary anatomy

• PA angiography interpretation entails assessment of perfusion defects followed by identification of a branch supplying that defect

• Oblique angulation is required

• PA interpretation is backwards: first identify the perfusion defect and then find the corresponding vessel to the defect