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• Occurs when a writer deliberately uses someone else’s language,

ideas, or other original (not common-knowledge) material without

acknowledging its source

• (Council of Writing Program Administrators)

Plagiarism. Definition and Examples

Smith comes to realize  that practitioners of any

given faith do not from the time immemorial come

to appreciate  as religion until they have developed

a degree of cultural self-regard, causing them to

see their collective spiritual practices and beliefs

as in some way significantly different from the

other. (highlighted parts were directly lifted off

Wikipedia)

(Example)

Plagiarism. Definition and Examples

How To Avoid Plagiarism And Careless Sourcing

1. One must be able to think when one writes,

and thinking is not borne out of laziness.

2. Read and digest the source material prior to

writing.

3. Use the downtime to formulate the outline of a

particular article to be able to grasp the

information, references, researches, and

additional things needed to come up with an

article efficiently.

4. Use the sources to support originally

developed ideas but not to make them the

main content of the paper.

5. If you’re going to paraphrase, make sure it

is done only to support an argument or an

idea and don’t forget to cite sources.

6. Starting a writing assignment a few days or

a few hours till deadline will only tense you

up. Pressure is the enemy of creativity. And

a tense writer is a dead writer.

How to avoid plagiarism and careless sourcing

Example of paraphrasing

• Original Text: “However, its [television] growth

was halted by the outbreak of the Second

World War, and it was not until the 1950s

that development started again” (Steinberg,

2007, p. 9)

• Paraphrased Version: Television resumed its

development in the 1950s after the Second

World War hampered its growth (Steinberg,

2007).

Notes on paraphrasing

Paraphrasing is not merely changing the order of

the words.

Original Text: “However, its [television] growth was

halted by the outbreak of the Second World War,

and it was not until the 1950s that development

started again” (Steinberg, 2007, p. 9).

It was not until the 1950s that development

started again after its growth was halted by the

outbreak of the Second World War.

Notes on paraphrasing

Paraphrasing is not merely changing some of the

words

Original Text: “However, its [television] growth was

halted by the outbreak of the Second World

War, and it was not until the 1950s that

development started again” (Steinberg, 2007, p.

9)

However, its evolution was stopped by the

occurrence of the Second World War, and it

was not until the 1950s that progress started

again.

Notes on paraphrasing• If source material cannot be paraphrased, use

quotation marks with proper in-text citation.

Instead of: 

One carries out planning, budgeting, administrative control and reporting within the framework of this program structure.

Do this:

One carries  out “planning, budgeting, administrative control and reporting within the framework of this program structure” (Rosenberg, n.d., p. 9).

Intellectual dishonesty

1. padding items of a bibliography

2. fabricating data

3. plagiarizing published material, class

assignments, or lab reports

4. including sources in a bibliography or

reference list that you have not used in the

preparation of your paper; listing unused

sources is called padding the bibliography.

(Purdue University)

What to cite1. Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book,

computer program, letter, advertisement, or any

other medium

2. Information gained through interviewing or

conversing with another person, face to face,

over the phone, or in writing

3. newspaper, song, TV program, movie, web page,

copied exact words, or a unique phrase

4. reprinted diagrams, illustrations, charts,

pictures, or other visual materials

5. electronically available media, including

images, audio, video, or other media

What to cite

1. personal experiences, own observations and

insights, own thoughts, and own conclusions

about a subject

2. results obtained through lab or field

experiments

3. own artwork, digital photographs, video,

audio, etc.

What not to cite anymore

What not to cite anymore

4. "common knowledge," things like folklore,

common sense observations, myths, urban

legends, and historical events (but not historical

documents)

5. generally-accepted facts, e.g., pollution is bad for

the environment, including facts that are accepted

within particular discourse communities, e.g., in

the field of composition studies, "writing is a

process" is a generally-accepted fact.

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