THE SIMILIARITIES BETWEEN A NOVEL AND A SHORT STORY:1. Both are prose fiction.2. Both aim to entertain and to inform3. Both deal with truth and deal with problem

HOW TO ANALYZE A NOVEL AND A DRAMA By Hardono

THE DISPARITIES:

A SHORT STORY:1. It focuses on one incident2. It sometimes has one character3. The setting is not broaderA Novel:4. It may have many characters5. The setting is greater6. It has amount of description7. It is in the form of fictious story

A DRAMA/PLAY

1. It is in the form of dialogue2. The setting is not broader

than novel3. It consists of Act and Scene

Kinds of drama:a.Tragedy is a play that potrays a conflict

between human beings and some superior, overwhelming force. It ends sorrowfully and disastrously, and this outcome seems inevitable. Eg: Oedipus the King, Macbeth etc.

b. Comedy be defined as whatever makes us laugh. A comedy may be a name for entire play, or we may say that there is comedy in only part of a play as in a comic character or comic situation. Eg: As you like it

The elements of fiction

INTRINSICIntrinsic is the elements that build literary

work it self. Those elements include the literary devices such as, plot, conflict, character, setting etc.

EXTRINSICExtrinsic is the elements that exist out of

literary work, but they influence of organizing system indirectly. Those elements include the writer’s biography, psychology and the writer’s situation such as, social, economic, political background will influence of the literary work.

TITLE

The title of a novel and a drama may serve many purposes

1. The Title may name the chief character

2. It may suggest in the plot.3. It may mention some

significant object .4. It may name of place or

setting

POINT OF VIEW

Point of view is the way an author permits us to observe the story.

Kinds of Point View:1. First Person Point of view2. Third Person Point of view3. Dramatic Point of view4. Omniscient Point of view

DRAMATIC CONFLICT

Dramatic conflict is the name given to the kind of action in a novel or drama. Conflict appeals to the emotion of the reader.

Kinds of Conflicts:1. Physical Conflict (Elemental

Conflict)2. Social Conflict 3. Psychological Conflict (Inner

Conflict

THEME A story must have purpose. It

should make the reader think. Theme is the message or moral of the story. The theme of a story is whatever general idea or insight the entire story reveals. Theme can often be simply expressed by wise sentences.

Examples:1. Good girls don’t get in trouble2. Don’t cross your bridge

before you get them

PLOTPlot is the “action” of the story. Plot is

planned by the author.The Elements of Plot:1. Beginning or Exposition2. Rising Action3. Climax4. Falling Action 5. Resolution or DenouementOpen plot =The reader is left to decide

the storyClose plot= The author concludes the

story for the reader.

CHARACTERIZATION

Characterization is depicting of clear images of a person.

There are two methods of characterization:

1. Dramatic Method2. Analytic MethodKind of characters:a. Round or Complex Characterb. Flat or Single CharacterCharacter is also a person who

appears in the story.

SETTINGSetting refers to the point in time and space

at which the events of the plot occur.The elements of Setting:1. The actual geographical location2. The occupations and Modes of day-today

existence of the characters.3. The time in which the action takes place.4. The religious, moral, intellectual, social,

and emotional environment of the Characters.

STYLE/DICTION

Style is the way in which an author selects, arranges, and presents his words.

REFERENCES

Wellek, Rene and Austin Warren,1963. Theory of Literature. USA: Penguin Books.

Nurgiyantoro, Burhan, 1995. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Jones. Jr. Edward H, 1962. Outlines of Literature. El Camino College.

Kenney. William, 1966. How to Analyze Fiction. Monarch Press. New York.

Kennedy. X. J, 2005. An Introduction to Fiction. Pearson Longman. New York, Boston.