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How the Turks Saved Turkey

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Page 1: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

How the Turks Saved Turkey

Page 2: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

The Turks

• First known from Chinese accounts

• First known use of “Turk” in 6th century

• Arrived in Anatolia late 11th century

• Altaic language related to Mongolian– Not related to European languages– Not related to Arabic

• Agglutinative language: forms words by repeated addition of endings (compare English “friendliness”)

Page 3: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

The Turkish Language

• Bulmak = find

• Bulunmak = to be found

• Bulunduk = having been found

• Bulundugunuz = your having been found

• Yer = place

• Bulundugunuz yer =The your-having-been-found place =

You are here

Page 4: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1400

Page 5: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1460

Page 6: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Aya Sofia, Istanbul

Page 7: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1520

Page 8: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1566

Page 9: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1683

Page 10: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1690

Page 11: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

An Ottoman Ottoman

Page 12: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century
Page 13: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1700

Page 14: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1750

Page 15: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1830

Page 16: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1880

Page 17: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1913

Page 18: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

The Young Turks

• Mehmed Talat Pasha – prime minister

• İsmail Enver Pasha – minister of war

• Ahmed Djemal Pasha – minister of navy

• Effectively ruled Empire during First World War

• Allied with Germany during World War I

• Fled Empire after the war

Page 19: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Ottoman Empire 1918

Page 20: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Turkish History in One Picture

Page 21: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Dardanelles at Canakkale

Page 22: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Gallipoli Peninsula

Page 23: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Carving Up Turkey

Page 24: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk 1881-1938

Page 25: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Megali Idea

Page 26: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Post-Ottoman Changes• Sultan deposed 1922

• Caliphate and Sharia abolished 1924

• Language Reforms 1930’s– Adoption of modified Roman Alphabet– Purge of Arabic and Persian words

• Islam no longer official religion

• Women gain vote and right to hold office 1934

Page 27: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

Pluses and Minuses

• Upside– Turkey deliberately aligns with the West– Long-overdue reforms enacted– Dramatic increase in literacy

• Downside– Language reforms made Ottoman literature

inaccessible– Distorted historical model sometimes used to

justify reforms

Page 28: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

21st Century Europe

Page 29: How the Turks Saved Turkey. The Turks First known from Chinese accounts First known use of “Turk” in 6th century Arrived in Anatolia late 11 th century

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