“how the middle east got that way”. word worm: diasporadiaspora –the movement, migration, or...
TRANSCRIPT
Word Worm:Word Worm:• DiasporaDiaspora
– the movement, migration, or scattering of people away from an established or ancestral homeland
• Zionism:Zionism:– Jewish right to a
homeland
• Mandate:Mandate:– Land to be governed by
an outside power until ready for independence.
• Self Determination:Self Determination:– A nation’s right to
decide their political future
Mt. Zion, Jerusalem
United Kingdom of United Kingdom of Israel…Israel…The United Kingdom of Israel existed during the reigns of Saul, David and Solomon from 1020 BCE to 930 BCE.
The old kingdom is the basis of modern Zionist territorial claims to land in the Middle East and an important factor in Israel-Palestine disputes. Jewish tribes were expelled from Palestine in 586 BCE by King Nebuchadnezzar of the Babylonian Empire and the area became predominantly Arabic and Islamic after the seventh century of the Common Era.
The old largely agricultural way of life continued after Palestine became a province of the Ottoman Empire (1301).
By the end of the first century BCE, Rome had taken over the eastern Mediterranean and the Jewish population was spread through many cities of the east. In the third and fourth centuries CE there were substantial Jewish
settlements in most major eastern cities and many western provinces as well.
Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles• After such a devastating war, the victorious Western
Powers imposed a series of harsh treaties upon the defeated nations. These treaties stripped the Central Powers of substantial territories and imposed significant reparation payments. Seldom before had the face of Europe been so fundamentally changed. As a direct result of the war, the German, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires ceased to exist.
• Treaty of Sèvres on August 10, 1920, ending hostilities with the Allied Powers; but shortly thereafter a Turkish War of Independence began. The new Republic of Turkey, established in its aftermath, signed a superseding Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, effectively partitioning the old Ottoman Empire.
Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles
IraqIraq
Sunni/ Shi’a/ Kurd1921: UK put King
Feisal (outsider) on throne
1958: Socialist Baath Revolution
TransJordanTransJordan
1921: Feisal’s Bro Abdullah put on throne (Grandfather of current king)
1951: Abdullah assassinated
PalestinePalestine…
Leb.Leb.
1943: Carved out of Syria by France
WWI begins
Ottoman Empire falls apart
UK met with Husayn Ibn’ Ali, ruler of Mecca and Medina
In exchange for help in WWI, UK said they would support Arab independence &…
Sykes-Picot Agreement:
UK said Arab state would only be Saudi Arabia and Yemen: ARABS BETRAYED?
Balfour Declaration:
UK support of a JEWISH homeland.
See Declaration
Allied victory in WWI: Ottoman Empire defeated
MANDATES:
UK: Palestine/ Trans-Jordan/ Iraq
France: Lebanon/ Syria
Jewish Migration to Palestine
Iraq, Jordan and Syria receive independence.
What about Palestine?
End of WWII (Holocaust): Mass Jewish migration into Palestine. (Palestine still 70% Arab)
Ethnic Tensions: UK throws problem at the UN.
Result? PARTITION!
See Map
UN Partition and UN Partition and Israeli IndependenceIsraeli Independence
• UN divides Palestine– ½ Jewish – ½ Arab– Jerusalem an international city
5/14/1948:5/14/1948:
Israel declares independence
Arab countries immediately attack
ARAB ISRAELI WARS!
Results?
Today, Palestine is no longer an independent country
2005 Israel:
80% Jewish
20% Arab
Balfour Balfour DeclarationDeclaration
• Foreign OfficeNovember 2nd, 1917
• Dear Lord Rothschild,
• I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet.
• "His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country."
• I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.
• Yours sincerely,Arthur James Balfour