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GroupColor:___________________
HowScienceWorks
Grade3
Module2 Scientist(YourName):Teacher’sName:SciTrekVolunteer’sName:
ClassQuestion:
Whatvariablesaffectballmotion?
1
VOCABULARY
Science:Thestudyofthematerialworldusinghumanreason.Thescientificmethodisthewayhumans
reasonandapplylogictodatatohelpgainknowledgeoftheworld.
o Observation:Adescriptionusingyourfivesenses.Thiscouldincludecontents,mass,size,color,
temperature,smell,texture…
o Opinion:Somethingyoubelieveorfeel.Notafactorobservation.
o Inference:Aguessbasedonpastexperiences.
o TestableQuestion:Aquestionforwhichanexperimentcanbedesignedtoanswer.
o Non‐TestableQuestion:Aquestionforwhichanexperimentcannotbedesignedtoanswer.For
examplequestionsinvolvingopinions,thingsthatcannotbemeasured,orwordsthatarenotwell
defined.
o ExperimentalSet‐Up:Thematerials,changingvariable,andcontrolsthatareneededforan
experiment.
o Experiment:Atestortrialstodiscoversomethingunknown.
o Procedure:Asetofstepstoconductanexperiment.
o Controls:Thevariablesthatarenotchangedinanexperiment.
o ChangingVariable(IndependentVariable):Thevariablethatischangedinanexperiment.
o Results/Data(DependentVariable):Themeasurements/observationsfromanexperiment.
o Prediction:Whatyouexpecttohappenbasedoffofpreviousmeasurements/observations.
o ScientificPractices:Aseriesofactivitiesthatscientistsparticipateintobothunderstandtheworld
aroundthemandtocommunicatetheirresultswithothers.(Thespecificpracticeworkedoninthis
moduleisidentifyingtestablequestions.)
o Technique:Amethodforaspecifictask.
o Reproducibility:Theabilitytoduplicatedatafromonetrialtothenext.
o Median:Themiddlenumberofagivensetofnumberslistedinincreasingorder.
o Maximum:Thelargestvalueinagivensetofnumbers.
o Minimum:Thesmallestvalueinagivensetofnumbers.
o Circumference:Thedistancearoundasphere.
o Motion:Whensomethingismovingorchangingposition.
o Speed:Howfarsomethingmovesinacertainamountoftime.
o Gram(g):Aunitofmass(weight).
o Centimeters(cm):Aunitoflength.
2
TECHNIQUETimers
Stopwatchesareusedtomeasureanamountoftime.Howtoreadastopwatch:
Thediagrambelowshowswhateachnumberonastopwatchstandsfor
Theabovestopwatchhasgonefor1hour,12minutes,23secondsand fractionofasecond. 1. If3:00’45”3isseenonyourstopwatchhowmuchtimehaspassed?
Hours:________Minutes:________Seconds:________FractionofaSecond:________
2. If0:01’07”2isseenonyourstopwatchhowmuchtimehaspassed?
Hours:________Minutes:________Seconds:________FractionofaSecond:________ Howtouseastopwatch:
1. Ifstopwatchisoff,pushthebluebuttontoturniton.2. Ifyoudonotsee0:00’00’’00thenpushthebluebutton
againtoresetthestopwatch.3. Tostartthestopwatchpushtheyellowbutton.4. Tostopthestopwatchpushtheyellowbuttonagain.5. Recordtimetothenearestfractionofasecond.
Ex:0:00’12’’8wouldberecordedas12 s6. Toresetto0:00’00’’00,pushthebluebutton.7. Repeat.
Practicerecordingtheamountoftimeittakestodothefollowingactivities.
1. HowlongdoesittaketheSciTrekleadtounsnap/snaptheirlabcoat?___________
2. HowlongdoesittaketheSciTrekleadertojumpthreetimes?____________________
1:12’23”7
Hours Minutes Seconds
FractionofaSecond
3
SCIENTIFICPRACTICIESTestableQuestions
CircleTESTABLEifthequestioncanbetestedbyscience.CircleNOTTESTABLEifthequestioncannotbetestedbyscience.
1. Howmuchdoesanastronaut’s
suitweigh?
Testable NotTestable
2. DodogslikeAstronautIceCream?
Testable NotTestable
3. IsVenusprettierthanSaturn?
Testable NotTestable
4. HowmanymoonsorbitaroundJupiter?
Testable NotTestable
5. Whichplanet,otherthanEarth,isthemosthabitable?
Testable NotTestable
6. HowfastdoesLukeSkywalkerflyhisspaceship?
Testable NotTestable
7. HowlongdoesittakelightfromtheSuntoreachtheEarth?
Testable NotTestable
8. Isthespaceshuttlebig?
Testable NotTestable
9. Isstudyingthesolarsystemvaluable?
Testable NotTestable
10, Whatcolorlightdostarsgiveoff?
Testable NotTestable
Circlesareyourinitialthoughtandboxesarethecorrectanswer.
4
ExperimentalConsiderations:
1. Youwillonlyhaveaccesstothematerialsonthematerialspage.2. Youwillrunfourtrials.3. Foreachtrialyoumustmeasurethetimetheballtravels(timefromballreleasetoball
hittingtheboard).
ChangingVariable(IndependentVariable):_________________________________________________
Discusswithyourgrouphowyouthinkyourchangingvariablewillaffectballmotion.
QUESTION
Questionourgroupwillinvestigate:
Ifwechangethe_______________________________________________________________________,
whatwillhappentothe_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________?
FilloutthematerialspagewithyourSciTrekvolunteerbeforemovingontotheexperimentalset‐up.
insertchangingvariable (independentvariable)
insertwhatyouaremeasuring(dependentvariable)
5
EXPERIMENTALSET‐UPDeterminethevaluesofyourchangingvariable(ex:rampheight)fromthematerialspageandwritethevalues(ex:15g)foryour4trialsundereachset‐up. TrialA TrialB TrialC TrialD
Controls(variablesyouwillholdconstant):Determinethevariablesthatyouwillholdconstantandindicatethespecificvalueyouwilluseinallyourtrials(control/value,exampleballmaterial/plastic).
BallMaterial / Plastic /
/ /
/ /
PredictionsIpredictthatwhenthe________________________________is________________________________the
ballwillhittheboardintheleastamountoftime.
Ipredictthatwhenthe________________________________is________________________________the
ballwillhittheboardinthemostamountoftime.
ChangingVariable
:
changingvariable valueofchangingvariable
changingvariable valueofchangingvariable
6
PROCEDURE
1. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7
TECHNIQUEMedian
Whenrunningmultipletrialsinanexperimentitisnecessarytofindonenumbertorepresentallofthedata.Themiddlenumber,alsoknownasthemediannumber,issometimesusedtorepresentallthedata.Tofindthemedian,firstplaceallofthenumbersfromeachtrialinincreasingorder,secondcirclethemiddlenumber.
ExtraPractice
Scientistswantedtoseethetimeitwouldtakeforaballtohitthegroundwhendroppedfromdifferentheights.Inorderforthescientiststoplotthedatatheyneedthemediannumber.Canyouhelpthescientistsfindthemediannumberforeachheightatwhichtheballwasdropped?
BallMaterial:TimeBallTravels(s):(InIncreasingOrder)
Median:
StyrofoamBall 5 ,6 ,7
MetalBall 1 ,1 ,1 ,2 ,2
WoodenBall 2 ,2 ,2
PlasticBall 3 ,4,4 ,4 ,4
BallDropHeight: TimeBallTakestoHitGround(s): Median:
10meters10 ,10 ,11
20meters22 ,21 ,21 ,20 ,21
30meters28,30,29,27 ,31 ,27
8
RESULTSTable
Filloutthechartforeachofyourtrials.Forthevariablesthatremainsconstant,writethevalueintrialAandthendrawalinethrougheachboxtoindicatethatthisvariableisacontrol.
Variables TrialA TrialB TrialC TrialD
BallMaterial: Plastic
BallMass:
BallCircumference:
RunMaterial:
RunLength:
RampHeight:
RampLength:
Data TrialA TrialB TrialC TrialD
FinalMeasurements:
Time:
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
Puttimes1‐3inorder:
Median:
Theindependentvariableisthechangingvariableandthedependentvariablesarethefinalmeasurements.
9
RESULTSGraphandSummary
Myexperimentshows_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
10
Iactedlikeascientistwhen_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
TIETOSTANDARDS
1. Whattwomeasurementsdoyouneedtogetthespeedofanobject?
_______________________and_______________________
2. Ifalldistancesareequal,theballthathitstheboardfirst,hasa(larger/smaller)speed.
RampHeight
3. Filloutthefollowingchart.Predictwhichset‐upwillcausetheballtohittheboardfirstandcircleyouranswerinthepredictioncolumn.Foreachofthetrialswritetheset‐upthathittheboardfirst,orTifthetwoballstied.
Set‐Up1 Set‐Up2 Prediction Trials
RampHeight:13cm
RampHeight:22cm
Whichset‐upwillcausetheballtohittheboardfirst?
(CircleOne)
1
2
Tie
Trial1
Trial2
Trial3
4. Doestherampheightaffectthespeedoftheball? YES NO
5. Explainhowrampheightaffectsthespeedoftheball.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
circleone
11
BallMass6. Filloutthefollowingtablewiththesamedirectionsasquestion3.
Set‐Up3 Set‐Up4 Prediction Trials
BallMass:~265g
BallMass:~360g
Whichset‐upwillcausetheballtohittheboardfirst?
(CircleOne)
3
4
Tie
Trial1
Trial2
Trial3
7. Doestheballmassaffectthespeedoftheball? YES NO
8. Explainhowtheballmassaffectsthespeedoftheball.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Whichballdoyouthinkwillhitthewoodenrunfirstwhendroppedfromthesame
height?BlueBall(~265g) PurpleBall(~360g) TheBallswillTie
10. Whichballhitthegroundfirst?_______________________________________________________RunMaterial
11. Filloutthefollowingtablewiththesamedirectionsasquestion3.
Set‐Up5 Set‐Up6 Prediction Trials
RunMaterial:Turf
RunMaterial:Wood
Whichset‐upwillcausetheballtohittheboardfirst?
(CircleOne)
5
6
Tie
Trial1
Trial2
Trial3
12
12. Doestherunmaterialaffectthespeedoftheball? YES NO
13. Explainhowrunmaterialaffectsthespeedoftheball.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ismotionpredictable?
14. Circlethevaluesbelowthatwouldcauseaballtotravelatthefastestspeed.Ifthe
variabledoesnotaffectthespeedoftheball,thencircleeither.Assumearamplengthof50cmandarunlengthof150cm.
Variable Option1 Option2 Option3
RampHeight: Either
BallMass: 100g 1,000g Either
RunMaterial: SandPaper
Plastic Either
15. Circlethevaluesbelowthatwouldcauseaballtotravelattheslowestspeed.Ifthe
variabledoesnotaffectthespeedoftheball,thencircleeither.Assumearamplengthof50cmandarunlengthof150cm.
Variable Option1 Option2 Option3
RampHeight: Either
BallMass: 1g 10g Either
RunMaterial: TarCardboard
Either
13
EXTRAPRACTICE
Questions
CircleTESTABLEifthequestioncanbetestedbyscience.CircleNOTTESTABLEifthequestioncannotbetestedbyscience.IfthequestionisNOTTESTABLEchange(revise)thequestiontobesomethingthatistestable.1. Howmuchtimedoesittaketo walk
threemiles?Testable NotTestable
Revision:________________________________________________________________________?
2. Isabirdloud? Testable NotTestable
Revision:_______________________________________________________________________?
3. Isdrinkingeightglassesofwateradayagoodidea?
Testable NotTestable
Revision:________________________________________________________________________?
4. Howmanysongsdoestheradiostationplayinonehour?
Testable NotTestable
Revision:________________________________________________________________________?
5. Whichtypeofjuiceisthemostrefreshing?
Testable NotTestable
Revision:________________________________________________________________________?
6. Dobeeslandonbrightcoloredflowers? Testable NotTestable
Revision:________________________________________________________________________?
7. Isicecreammoredeliciousthancookies?
Testable NotTestable
Revision:________________________________________________________________________?
14
WORDSEARCH
Circumference Control Experiment
ExperimentalSet‐Up Friction Inference
Material Motion Non‐testableQuestion
Observation Procedure Result
ScientificPractice Speed Technique
TestableQuestion Variable
SciTrekisaneducationaloutreachprogramthatisdedicatedtoallowing2nd‐8thgradestudentstoexperiencethescientificprocessfirsthand.SciTrek
partnerswithlocalschoolstopresentstudent‐centeredinquiry‐basedmodulesthatnotonlyemphasizetheprocessofsciencebutalsospecificgradelevelcontentstandards.Eachmoduleallowsstudentstodesign,
carryout,andpresenttheirexperimentsandfindings.
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SciTrekisbroughttoyoubygeneroussupportfromthefollowingorganizations:
Ifyouwouldliketodonatetotheprogramorfindouthowyoucangetyourcompany’[email protected].
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