how nutrients interact with stresses, such as flooding and ... nyman...how nutrients interact with...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity,
to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry
J. Andy NymanSchool of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State [email protected]
Acknowledgements: Dayna Huval (USGS), Joy Merino (NMFS), Vanessa Tobias Ph.D. (CDFW), etc.
![Page 2: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany 125:77-86
![Page 3: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany 125:77-86
![Page 4: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany 125:77-86
![Page 5: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany 125:77-86
![Page 6: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
experiments
• Spartina patens experiment– nutrients and salinity stress
• Taxodium distichum experiment– nutrients and flooding stress
![Page 7: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Morris et al. 2013. Wetlands
![Page 8: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• nutrient availability and flooding stress interacted with the interaction dominated by flooding stress.
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany 125:77-86
![Page 9: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Nutrient additions increase biomass of Spartina patens at high and low salinity (DeLaune et al. 2005).
• Nutrient additions increased biomass of Spartina patens at low salinity but not high salinity (Foret 2001).
![Page 10: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
average water salinity0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
pote
ntia
l bio
mas
s (%
)
0
25
50
75
100optimum nutrient availability
average nutrient availabilityminimum nutrient availability
cc
b
a
DeLaune et al. 2005 Wetlands 25:155-161
![Page 11: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
average water salinity0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
pote
ntia
l bio
mas
s (%
)
0
25
50
75
100optimum nutrient availability
average nutrient availabilityminimum nutrient availability
ref
man
ref+fert
man+fert
Foret. 2001. PhD Dissertation. University
of Louisiana at Lafayette.
![Page 12: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
experiments
• Spartina patens experiment– nutrients and salinity stress
• Taxodium distichum experiment– nutrients and flooding stress
![Page 13: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
element treatment #2
treatment #3
treatment #4
N 56.6 282.9 1,131.8
P 28.3 141.5 565.9
K 14.1 70.7 282.9
S 5.6 28.3 113.2
Fe 7.1 35.4 141.5
Mn 5.6 28.3 113.2
Mg 6.4 31.8 127.3
Zn 3.3 16.7 66.8
• Treatment #1 had no additional nutrients.
• Nutrient enhancement rates (g m-2) in the remaining treatments were….
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany 125:77-86
![Page 15: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
element treatment #2
treatment #3
treatment #4
N 56.6 282.9 1,131.8
P 28.3 141.5 565.9
K 14.1 70.7 282.9
S 5.6 28.3 113.2
Fe 7.1 35.4 141.5
Mn 5.6 28.3 113.2
Mg 6.4 31.8 127.3
Zn 3.3 16.7 66.8
• Treatment #1 had no additional nutrients.
• Nutrient enhancement rates (g m-2) in the remaining treatments were….
• All trees in treatment 4 died
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany 125:77-86
![Page 16: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
element treatment #2
treatment #3
treatment #4
N 56.6 282.9 1,131.8
P 28.3 141.5 565.9
K 14.1 70.7 282.9
S 5.6 28.3 113.2
Fe 7.1 35.4 141.5
Mn 5.6 28.3 113.2
Mg 6.4 31.8 127.3
Zn 3.3 16.7 66.8
• Treatment #1 had no additional nutrients.
• Nutrient enhancement rates (g m-2) in the remaining treatments were….
• All trees in treatment 4 died
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany 125:77-86
![Page 17: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• nutrient availability and flooding stress interacted with the interaction dominated by flooding stress (Figure 1c).
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany 125:77-86
![Page 18: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Nutrients increase growth of Taxodiumdistichum (e.g.; Brown 1981, Shaffer et al. 2015).
• Nutrient additions failed to increase growth of Taxodium distichum (Keim et al. 2012).
![Page 19: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
average water salinity0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
pote
ntia
l bio
mas
s (%
)
0
25
50
75
100optimum nutrient availability
average nutrient availabilityminimum nutrient availability
h
g
cc
b
a
f
e
flooding stress Keim et al. 2002 Wetlands 32:95-103.
![Page 20: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
element treatment #2
treatment #3
treatment #4
N 56.6 282.9 1,131.8
P 28.3 141.5 565.9
K 14.1 70.7 282.9
S 5.6 28.3 113.2
Fe 7.1 35.4 141.5
Mn 5.6 28.3 113.2
Mg 6.4 31.8 127.3
Zn 3.3 16.7 66.8
Rice Agriculture
~5x ~24x ~80x
• All trees in treatment 4 died
![Page 21: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
element treatment #2
treatment #3
treatment #4
N 56.6 282.9 1,131.8
P 28.3 141.5 565.9
K 14.1 70.7 282.9
S 5.6 28.3 113.2
Fe 7.1 35.4 141.5
Mn 5.6 28.3 113.2
Mg 6.4 31.8 127.3
Zn 3.3 16.7 66.8
Rice Agriculture
~5x ~24x ~80x
• All trees in treatment 4 died
![Page 22: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
“… we were interested in determining whether there was a tipping point at which nutrient inputs would exceed the nutrient processing ability of the marsh ecosystem and degrade the system. By 1974, however, various measurements showed that we had not reached such a tipping point (Valiela and Teal 1974), so we added a third and higher dose of the mixed fertilizer, 90x the rates suggested for oats (XF).” Valiela (2015) Estuaries and Coasts 38:1099-1120.
![Page 25: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
T. distichum stoichiometry
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany
![Page 26: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
T. distichum stoichiometry
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany
![Page 27: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany
T. distichumstoichiometry
![Page 28: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany
T. distichumstoichiometry
![Page 29: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany
T. distichumstoichiometry
![Page 30: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany
T. distichumstoichiometry
![Page 31: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
T. distichum stoichiometry
Nyman and Lindau 2016 Journal of Environmental and Experimental Botany
![Page 32: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Conclusions• The response of plants to nutrients reflects principles of
ecology and toxicology:– Increasing availability of a limiting nutrient increases growth.– Everything, including nutrients, is a toxin; the dose
determines whether or not something is toxic.• Our research shows that when plant growth is limited
by stress, the likely responses to nutrients are no-response or a toxic response.– This can look like a ecosystem tipping point if you are
seeking one.
![Page 33: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Conclusions• Sodium concentrations in leaf tissue were affected by
stress, which complicates using leaf tissue Na to infer salinity exposure to plants.
• Nutrient concentrations and ratios in leaf tissue were affected by stress, which complicates using leaf tissue nutrient ratios to infer the nutrient availability to plants.
• Nutrient availability increased leaf tissue Hg in T.distichum.
![Page 34: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Drew et al. 1973. Journal of Experimental Botany 1189-1201
![Page 35: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Drew, M.C. 1975. New Phytologist 75:479-490.
![Page 36: How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and ... Nyman...How Nutrients Interact with Stresses, such as Flooding and Salinity, to Affect Plant Growth and Leaf Tissue Chemistry](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022040904/5e76fd0320f7b36794503a6a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Nyman 2013 Estuaries and Coasts 37:1490-1505
1 g m-2 = 10 kg ha-1
(g m-2)