how many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? are females xx or xy?

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How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY? How do the words: DNA, gene and chromosomes relate?

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How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY? How do the words: DNA, gene and chromosomes relate?. 12.2: Chromosomal Disorders. Chromosomal disorders: Errors in the number or structure of a chromosome. Non-disjunction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have?

Are females XX or XY?

How do the words: DNA, gene and chromosomes relate?

Page 2: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

12.2: Chromosomal Disorders

Page 3: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

Chromosomal disorders: Errors in the number or structure of a chromosome

Page 4: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

Non-disjunctionHomologous chromosomes or sister

chromatids fail to separate during meiosis.

Result: Gametes with abnormal # of chromosomes

Page 5: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

Non-disjunction

Page 6: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

Trisomy Having 3 of a particular chromosome.

Examples

Trisomy 21: Down syndrome

Trisomy 18: Edwards syndrome

- feet with rounded bottom

- crossed legs, clenched hands

Page 7: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

Trisomies of Sex Chromosomes

XXX Female

XXY: Klinefelter Male

XYY: Male

Turner’s Syndrome

XO Female

45 Chromosomes

Page 8: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

Chromosomal Duplications Part of a chromosome is repeated. Vary from fatal to developmental abnormalities. Often leads to cancer in somatic cells

Page 9: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

Chromosomal Deletions Part of a chromosome is deleted.

Ex: Williams Syndromehttp://abcnews.go.com/2020/video/williams-syndrome-children-friend-health-disease-hospital-doctors-13817012

Partial deletion of chromosome 7

http://abcnews.go.com/2020/video/williams-syndrome-children-friend-health-disease-hospital-doctors-13817012

Page 10: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

Chromosome InversionFragment breaks and reverses on the same chromosome.Not as lethal.

Page 11: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

Chromosome Translocation

• List of Chromosome Disorders• http://www.netnet.net/mums/mum_chro.htm

Fragment of one chromosome attaches to ANOTHER, DIFFERENT chromosome.

If there is an UNEQUAL swap of segments, results can serious.

http://www.netnet.net/mums/mum_chro.htm

Page 12: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

TransposonsSingle genes that can move around.“Jump” from one chromosome to another.If they insert in the middle of an existing gene, that gene will be disrupted.

Page 13: How many chromosomes should a “normal” human have? Are females XX or XY?

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