How Innovative Technologies can Enable the Supply of Electric Fuel and Green Transportation in Ontario

Where Next Happens

Robert (Bob) Stasko.Director, Business DevelopmentCentre for Energy© Ontario Centres of Excellence Inc.

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Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE) Inc. established over 20 years ago as a separate non-profit agency outside of the Ontario government

•Leading driver of the research to commercialization process with a strategic focus on improving Ontario’s competitiveness through innovation and new thinking.

•Key partner with industry, universities, colleges, research hospitals, investors and governments.

•OCE Facilitates Movement of IP and HQP from Academia into the Commercial Realm in Ontario

Excellence in Energy Technology

3 Revised Mandate for OCE:& Structural Changes

• The 5 year contract between OCE and the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation has been renewed as of this year but with significant changes.

• OCE now has 4 ‘regions’ with dedicated Business Development staff for each region.

• There will no longer be 6 different centres organized around industrial sectors. All centres are now combined, and submitted proposals are centralized without sectoral bias.

• HOWEVER, there will be FOUR major areas of technology focus: Manufacturing, Cleantech (Energy and Environment), Health (Medical) and CIT.

4 OCE Programs: Very Much As Before(but different)

• Primary programs:

1) Research Collaborations as defined by MRI (ISTC)

2) Market Readiness (commercialization)

3) Talent and HQP development.

• Opportunistic programs: (other agencies’ funding)

1) NSERC ‘engage’ program.

2) Colleges Ontario Network for Industry Innovation (CONII) program

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What is Driving Energy R&D in Ontario?

• De-Carbonization: reducing the Ontario carbon footprint as part of a Climate Change agenda

• The Green Energy Act: Ensuring that renewable or clean energy from distributed sources becomes a major component of the generation mix

• Smart Grid Solutions: enabling DG via a bi-directional, self healing, flexible and highly cognitive distribution system that is ‘customer friendly’ wrt load management

• Electrification of Transportation: transitioning to electric mobility not just for PHEVs & PEVs but for light rail, commuter rail, transit buses and long-haul trucks

• GOAL: DEVELOP MADE IN ONTARIO TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS THAT CREATE ECONOMIC BENEFITS

6 Green Energy Act: The Main Intent isto Enable More Renewable Generation

• Directs wires companies to give ‘priority’ access to grid connection for renewable energy generation projects.

• Authorizes the Minister of Energy and Infrastructure to direct the OPA in launching new electricity supply RFPs, particularly for renewables.

• Allows the Minister to direct the OPA to develop and implement a Feed In Tariff fee structure for renewables.

• Directs LDCs to connect any new (renewable) generation that meets all technical requirements.

• Allows LDCs and Municipalities to own and operate renewable generation assets of 10MW or less.

• Empowers a new class of ‘Energy Cooperatives’ as a business model that will accelerate the development of distributed, renewable energy sources.

7 What were Ontario’s past R&D priorities in the energy arena?

• Coal Utilization: Efficiency improvements, SO2 and NOx capture, mercury capture, Ash disposal

• Nuclear Power: Materials issue (neutron flux and temperature aging) fuel utilization, advanced fuel cycles and spent fuel issues, emission control of fission and activation products. Waste management, Safety and Environment.

• Hydrology research: concrete for hydro structures• High Voltage Transmission: AC vs DC• End Use Technologies: (water heaters, AC, EE appliances and lighting,

codes and standards) • Distribution: Utilization, materials issues around Poles, Transformers,

Wires, Reliability and Protection.

8 What are Ontario’s Electricity SectorR&D Priorities Going forward?

• Continuing work on cost and efficiency improvements for solar, wind and biomass power generation

• Smart Grid products: In-home devices, development & deployment of CIT, Exploiting Ontario’s advantages.

• Energy Storage Solutions: a host of technologies to harvest off-peak, surplus base-load or intermittent renewable electricity for re-dispatch when needed

• Hydrogen, methanol and various bio-fuels that use opportunistic feed stocks or low emission electricity for production (not fossil fuels)

• Emerging micro DG (fuel cells, sterling engines, small wind ) and in-home smart appliances and DM products

• Technology to support electrification of transportation

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Report of the Smart Grid Forum

Smart grid is a modern electric system. It uses sensors, monitoring, communications, automation and computers to improve the flexibility, security, reliability, effeciency and safety of the electricity system.

Smart grid includes DG, accommodates electric vehicles and provides greater customer choice.

Ontario is well-position to be a global leader in smart grid technologies (smart meters are deployed, we have an established research capability, the green energy act is supportive and the electricity market provides price signals to drive consumption and production decisions.

The OCE should develop a Task Force to produce a framework for smart grid research in Ontario that would include funding targets and mechanisms.

10 Background: Why PEVs are a hot topic

• The cost of Petro-Fuels can only go up over time

• Transportation is becoming the major source of CO2 emission, and governments must take action to reduce emissions through taxes, incentives and regulation.

• Many automotive OEMS are developing electromotive platforms that are either hybrids or pure electric (batteries or fuel cells) as part of their ‘renewal’ or to promote a ‘green car’ market brand.

• Electricity has the potential to be a ‘green’ fuel for transportation, but it will only fulfill this expectation if a coordinated policy and plan is developed by all sector participants working together with a common vision.

11 The Ontario Advantage for GridTransformation Needed to Enable PEVs

• CO2 emissions can be reduced substantially and urban air quality will be enhanced thanks to a greener grid (emission free electricity during off-peak hours).

• There will be ample off-peak generation capacity in the grid for some time to come, assuming optimal charging.

• Smart meters will soon be fully deployed, providing an ideal CIT platform for ‘smart charging’ and other advanced applications that will facilitate a smarter grid

• Ontario is an industrial centre for both the power and the automotive sectors; and there is substantial intellectual capacity in CIT (eg: RIM, Nortel and multiple CIT spinoffs)

• Electricity has the potential to be a transformational fuel for transportation, but the framework for infrastructure development needs to be planned with great care.

12 Barriers to Deployment of PEVs

• Battery technology is not optimal (hence hybrids as a bridge to all electric) – may require battery change-outs

• Capital cost is still higher than for vehicles using conventional fuels (however, fuel is cheaper)

• Unfamiliarity with technology for both consumer and service providers, and for First Responders

• Infrastructure needs to be easy to access and use, equivalent to conventional fueling norms (not there yet)

• Government policy, incentives, regulations not fully in place, although FIT and content rules are an indicator.

• The market pull for PEVs is powerful, and car makers are trying to manage expectations while still providing consumer-ready products with standard warranties.

13 Why Smart Cars need to communicate with Smart Grids: Customer Choice!

• Customers will buy very smart cars that talk to drivers, email maintenance schedules, access the internet and link to satellites. The grid may need to get as smart.

• The CO2 attribution of a kilowatt of ‘fuel’ will be important for customers and for public policy. This has to be compiled, communicated and tracked

• Customers will want choices for fuel provision: (example: Non-emitter, totally renewable or best price). How can this be implemented?

• No matter where the car gets plugged in, the bill for the charge should go to the right customer or meter. This should be seamless and automatic for the user.

• CIT Technologies to do this need to be developed!

14 Electricity and Public Transportation:its NOT all about cars and trucks.

• In the US the Obama Stimulus has allocated major funding for renewal and upgrades of urban public transit systems. At least 60 cities are planning new electric trolley or light rail systems (many had them ripped out in the 40s and 50s).

• The US DOT has targeted urban transit, trucking, rail and marine applications for electrification with major funding for R&D and demonstration projects. It is likely that this trend will be exported to Canada.

• At the very least these will be new loads for LDCs, but also opportunities to seek innovative and cost effective solutions to existing transit problems that also manage new electricity loads.

15 Hydrogen Fuel considered as ‘Wireless’ Electricity?

For many applications Hydrogen can be considered as a mechanism for storing emission-free, inexpensive off-peak electricity; either for grid support, industrial uses or for transportation (range extender)

H2 from Electrolysis of Water:Pro: Distribution system in place, can be made with low

emission electricity, water plentiful, can be part of a distributed ‘demand response’ business model for grid support and load management.

Con: Capital intensive, and production cost depends on local electricity rates, off-peak or otherwise (not just commodity price, but transmission, distribution and Global Adjustment costs)

Future Options: Direct conversion via Nuclear or Sunlight

16 Ontario Plug N Drive Partnership:History, Background and Status

•Unlike many other jurisdictions, no single agency in Ontario has clear jurisdiction to coordinate the planning, policy and implementation for needed infrastructure to enable grid connected Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs).

•OCE (along with OPG, HydroOne, IESO, OPA, and many other sector participants) brought together Ontario PEV stakeholders, electricity agencies, LDCs, auto OEMs, government ministries and academia into a working group in order to address near and medium term PEV issues.

•The group has met five times, with more attendees each time (110 on Nov 15, 2010). The partnership name ‘Plug N Drive’ was coined in the second meeting in order to provide a simple label for decision makers and for the public at large.

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Ontario Plug N Drive Partnership Status

•The group commissioned the University of Waterloo to prepare a report on the state of preparedness of the Ontario Grid for PEVs, and to identify R&D ‘gaps’ that could limit PEV uptake or could undermine environmental benefits.

•The report was completed in June of this year, and is now public information. Based on findings, the partnership is reviewing identified technology gaps and opportunities, and will form collaborative teams to address them each in turn.

•Group members would contribute funds (based on capability and interest) to maintain the group’s role as a forum for problem solving and to share information.

18Ontario Plug N Drive Partnership

•The mandate and goals for this partnership have not been finalized, but a document has been circulated that could form the basis.

•The draft mission statement is:• To develop, implement and promote a sustainable transportation

future for Ontario that utilizes low CO2 derived electricity as fuel for plug-in electric vehicles, and to assist in making the grid ‘plug in ready’ for a wide range of electrified transportation technologies

• Although a common vision is likely to be forthcoming, OCE’s interest will be to identify new technology R&D opportunities and pilot projects that can enable such a future. Recent activities and reports available on:

•http://www.plugndriveontario.com/

19 Key Goals

• The Plug’n Drive Ontario Coalition would:

• Seize opportunities to build Ontario’s advantage as the ‘Green Energy Innovator’.

• Accelerate the uptake of best new technologies and best electricity market prices in Ontario.

• Fast-track R+D to make Ontario the virtually emissions-free power champion.

• Create a knowledge base, a platform and a voice of authority to communicate the promise and potential of Ontario’s clean, green, sustainable transportation future.

• Organize and coordinate activities among all potential participants.

20 Most Recent Representations at Plug N Drive Meetings:

• Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, Ministry of Transportation, Ministry of International Trade & Investment

• Hydro One, Ontario Power Authority, Ontario Power

Generation, Independent Electricity Systems Operator, Toronto Hydro, Veridian, Electricity Distributors Assoc.

• Ontario Centre of Excellence (Energy), Ontario Institute of Technology, University of Waterloo, UOIT, Auto 21, Clinton Climate Foundation, Pollution Probe, Toronto Atmospheric Fund

• Intellimeter, Autoshare, Bullfrog Power, HyMotion,

• Toyota, GM, Ford and Mitsubishi, Nissan.

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SOLAR –dropping the price of photovoltaic panels by anorder of magnitude (e.g. from $0.80 per KWh to $0.08 per KWh).

STORAGE – dealing with the intermittent nature of renewable supply – developing Hydrogen technology.

SMART GRIDS – enabling bidirectional energy flow;optimize distributed and/or congested generationwith central generation.

PLUG-INS – electrification of our transportation systems.

TALENT – developing the next generation of innovators (green jobs).

•OCE – Energy Priorities for 2009/10•Thank you! www.oce-ontario.org

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