how genes work
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How Genes Work. 14.1 Translation. What is translation?. Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players tRNA Anticodon mRNA Ribosomes. What does the ribosome do?. Two parts to ribosome 60S, 40S subunits (eukaryotes) 50S, 30S subunits (prokaryotes) Polyribosomes. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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How Genes Work
14.1 Translation
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What is translation? Conversion of code to polypeptide Happens in cytoplasm Players
tRNA Anticodon
mRNA Ribosomes
![Page 3: How Genes Work](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062520/56815731550346895dc4d106/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What does the ribosome do? Two parts to ribosome
60S, 40S subunits (eukaryotes) 50S, 30S subunits (prokaryotes)
Polyribosomes
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What are the three steps of translation? Initiation Elongation Termination
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What happens in initiation? Small subunit attaches at start codon First tRNA arrives at P site Large subunit attaches
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What happens in elongation? Second tRNA arrives at A site P site tRNA transfers amino acids to A site Ribosome shifts to open A site
“old” tRNA released at E site
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What happens in termination? Ribosome reaches
stop codon Release factor
attaches Subunits detach
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How Genes Work
14.2 Mutations
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What is a mutation? Permanent change in DNA
sequence Can cause cancer
Carcinogenesis Carcinogens vs. mutagens
Two types of mutations Point Frameshift
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What is a point mutation? Substitution of wrong nucleotide
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What is a frameshift mutation? Original:
THE BIG FLY HAD ONE RED EYE. Point mutation:
THE BIT FLY HAD ONE RED EYE. Frame shift mutation: Addition:
THE BIT GFL YHA DON ERE DEY E. Deletion:
THE BIF LYH ADO NER EDE YE. Which is more dangerous?