how energy cycles: photosynthesis & cellular respiration biology
TRANSCRIPT
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How Energy Cycles: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Biology
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How Energy Cycles
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How Energy is Cycled
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Photosynthesis:A Review
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Photosynthesis
Only in plants (Some bacteria/some protists)
Occurs in those cells that have chloroplasts
Chlorophyll – necessary for chloroplasts to work correctly
Formula:
Light + CO2+ H2O C6H12O6 + O2
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Photosynthesis, cont.
3 (simplified) stages1. Energy from sunlight is captured by
chloroplasts
2. Light energy is converted into chemical energy by chlorophyll enzymes
3. ATP and NADPH are formed
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Rate of Photosynthesis
What factors do you think affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Light intensity Carbon dioxide Temperature Amount of water available
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Cellular Respiration
*The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules
* Occurs in ALL living cells
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Understanding Cellular Respiration:
First we need to understand that while photosynthesis happens in plants and some bacteria/protists (those which can have chlorophyll present), cellular respiration happens in all cells.
What do most cells need to have in order for cellular respiration to take place…
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Mitochondria!!:
Cytoplasm: glycolysis
Matrix (inner space): Prep Step and the Kreb’s Cycle
Cristae (the folds): contains the carriers used in The Electron Transport System
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Aerobic (Oxygen)Cellular Respiration
Occurs in the presence of oxygen
Major energy releasing process
Occurs in 3 stages: GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT
CHAIN
FORMULA: C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATPWhat does this formula remind you of?
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GLYCOLYSIS Occurs in the cytoplasm
1. Glucose converted into pyruvic acid
2. Produces a net total
of 2 ATP molecules
3. 2 NADH molecules
are formed
4. Does not require
oxygen
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Krebs Cycle (aerobic) Occurs in
mitochondria Pyruvic acid from
glycolysis is broken down into CO2
1 molecule of ATP is produced
ADP ATP
Energy released
-P
Energy stored
+P
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Electron Transport Chain
The Krebs Cycle generates high-energy electrons that are passed to the electron transport chain
Here they are used to change ADP to ATP Water is formed
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Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
Without oxygen Also called
fermentation Yields 2 molecules of
ATP Glycolysis is followed
by either: lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Lactic acid produced
• Build up of lactic acid causes you to have sore muscles after working out
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Alcoholic Fermentation
• Ethyl alcohol is produced
• Fermentation- used to make beer and wine
• Bread Baking- Yeast are anaerobic organisms