Slide 1

How does a preschool childs body change? Early Childhood: Age 2 to 6 Biosocial Development

Slide 2

Slide 3

What happens when children grow? Body slims down taller & thinner Center of gravity lowers Enables swinging, gymnastics, etc. 2 years old6 years old

Slide 4

How does nutrition effect children? Overweight children = overweight adults Diabetes Heart disease

Slide 5

How do cavities & gum disease effect children? Early tooth decay = most common disease in young children in developed countries Harms permanent teeth Jaw malformation, speech Overall health

Slide 6

Do you remember? What body changes do children go through from 2 6 years old? What is the effect of being overweight in young children? What is the effect of poor dental hygiene in young children?

Slide 7

What about brain development?

Slide 8

Myelination Myelin coating of axons Speeds brain processing Focused on the motor and sensory areas

Slide 9

Corpus callosum Connects right and left hemispheres Increases coordination Increases communication between both sides of the brain Lateralization Each side specializing

Slide 10

Left hemisphere controls right side Left is language & speech Left is logical Detailed analysis Detail focused

Slide 11

Right hemisphere controls left side Creative Emotional Big picture focused

Slide 12

All thinking required both sides of the brain

Slide 13

Prefrontal cortex Executive brain Planning, analyzing, prioritizing Immaturity = Impulsiveness & tendency to persevere (keep repeating) E.g. Are we there yet? Longest period of development Matures during adolescence

Slide 14

Do you remember? What does myelination do? What does the corpus callosum do? What do the left and right hemispheres do? What does the prefrontal cortex do?

Slide 15

Emotions Based on the limbic system Amygdala Hippocampus Hypothalamus Aid in emotional expression and control

Slide 16

Amygdala Registers positive & negative emotions Related to night terrors Children model after parents

Slide 17

Hippocampus Memory Can work with amygdala to recall emotions

Slide 18

Hypothalamus Produces hormones to activate parts of the body in response to signals from the amygdala and hippocampus. E.g. stress and the fight or flight syndrome

Slide 19

Motor skills Gross Large muscles E.g. riding a bike, swinging, kicking a ball Fine Small muscles Writing, drawing, pouring juice Girls tend to develop 6 mos. Earlier than boys

Slide 20

Do you remember? What does the limbic system do? What produces emotions? What helps with memory? What helps you in fight or flight situations? What are gross and fine motor skills?

Slide 21

Injuries and abuse

Slide 22

Three levels of prevention for avoidable injuries Primary prevention Preventing a high risk situation from ever existing E.g. Sidewalks and overpasses Secondary prevention Reducing the risk in an existing high risk situation Salt on roads Crossing guards Tertiary prevention Reducing damage after injury Emergency room procedures HEPA filters for children with asthma

Slide 23

What are the types of child maltreatment? Child abuse Deliberate physical, emotional, or sexual harm Child neglect Failure to meet physical or emotional needs Law required reporting suspected maltreatment Abuse Neglect

Slide 24

What are the symptoms of maltreatment? Injuries Fantasy play violence & sexual Hostility Impulsive reactions E.g. Cringing Fear of caregiver Hypervigilance

Slide 25

Do you remember? What are the three levels of prevention of childhood injuries? Give examples of each Which level pf prevention reduces injury after injury? What is the difference between child abuse and child neglect? Give examples of each What symptoms would you look for in children you suspect of maltreatment?

Slide 26