how do living things reproduce? lessons/chapter...why do most aquatic animals use external...
TRANSCRIPT
How do living things reproduce?
Lesson 1
Reproduction
Lesson 2
Plant Life Cycles
Lesson 3
Animal Life Cycles
Lesson 4
Traits and Heredity
Chapter 2 Menu
sexual
reproduction
fertilization
asexual
reproduction
vegetative
propagation
runner
Lesson 1 Splash
What are sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction
is the production of a
new organism from
two parents.
Asexual reproduction is the
production of a new organism
from a single parent.
Lesson 1 a
Organisms reproduce asexually
by splitting, budding, vegetative
propagation, and the development
of eggs into new animals without
fertilization.
How do organisms reproduce asexually?
Lesson 1 b
Asexual reproduction
requires only one parent,
and offspring are identical
to the parent organism.
Sexual reproduction requires two parents, and offspring
have a combination of traits from both parents.
How do sexual and asexual reproduction compare?
Lesson 1 c
How do sexual and asexual reproduction differ?
Main Idea
Sexual reproduction requires the sex
cells of two parents to combine. The
offspring shows traits from both
parents. In asexual reproduction there
is only one parent.
Lesson 1 Main Idea Review
____________________ is asexual reproduction in the plant
that produces new plants from leaves, roots, or stems.
___________________ are plant stems that lie on or under
the ground and sprout up as new plants.
A sperm cell from a male and an egg cell from a female join
into a single unit in a process called ___________________.
___________________ is the production of a new organism
from two parents.
___________________ is the production of a new organism
from a single parent.
asexual reproduction runners
Vocabulary
sexual reproduction fertilization
vegetative propagation
Vegetative propagation
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Runners
Lesson 1 Vocab Review
small bud grows on parent
Sequence
End of Lesson
What happens after a bud
forms on an organism?
bud may break off
bud grows apart or
attached to parent
Lesson 1 GO Review
Lesson 1 Vocab a
Lesson 1 Vocab b
Lesson 1 Vocab c
Lesson 1 Vocab d
Lesson 1 Vocab e
pollination
pollen
embryo
seed coat
germination
monocot
dicot
conifer
Lesson 2 Splash
What are seedless plant life
cycles?
Moss Life Cycle
Fern Life Cycle spore case
spores new moss plant
adult
plant
sperm
egg fertilized egg
new fern plant
spores
fertilized egg egg
sperm
heart shaped
plant
fern frond
Lesson 2 a
What are the parts of a flower?
stigma filament
anther
egg
sepal
petal
stamen
style
pistil
ovary
perfect/complete
flower
perfect/incomplete
flower
imperfect/incomplete
flower (male)
imperfect/incomplete
flower (female)
Lesson 2 b
What is the angiosperm life cycle?
seedling
adult plant
pollinator
stamen
seed and fruit
pistil
ovary
Lesson 2 c
What is in a seed?
A seed has three main
parts: the embryo, the
cotyledon (food supply),
and the seed coat.
Lesson 2 d
What is the conifer life cycle?
adult plant
male cones
seedling
pine seeds
fertilized cones
female cones
Lesson 2 e
What three features help make angiosperms
the most plentiful plant group?
Main Idea
flowers, seeds, and fruits
Lesson 2 Main Idea Review
______________ is the development of
a seed into a new plant.
A ______________ produces seeds with
a single cotyledon.
A seed is surrounded by a tough outer
coating called a ______________.
A ______________ produces seeds with
two cotyledons.
dicot
Vocabulary
germination seed coat
Germination
monocot
Lesson 2 Vocab a Review
___________ is the transfer of pollen from
the stamen to the pistil.
___________ is a yellow powder that contains
sperm cells.
An ___________ is the beginning of a new
offspring.
A ___________ is a gymnosperm, a plant that
has seeds but not flowers.
conifer
Vocabulary
embryo pollination
Pollination
pollen
Pollen
Lesson 2 Vocab b Review
water carries
sperm to
female
fertilization
takes place
Summarize
End of Lesson
What effect does water have
in the moss life cycle?
Lesson 2 GO Review
Lesson 2 Vocab a
Lesson 2 Vocab b
Lesson 2 Vocab c
Lesson 2 Vocab d
Lesson 2 Vocab e
Lesson 2 Vocab f
Lesson 2 Vocab g
Lesson 2 Vocab h
metamorphosis
complete
metamorphosis
larva
pupa
incomplete
metamorphosis
nymph
external fertilization
internal fertilization
Lesson 3 Splash
Incomplete
Metamorphosis
Grasshopper
eggs nymph
adult
Some animals go through four distinct stages
of development in complete metamorphosis.
Other animals go through three gradual
stages in incomplete metamorphosis.
What are animal life cycles?
Many animals begin life looking
like smaller versions of adults.
Complete
Metamorphosis
Butterfly
eggs larva pupa adult
Lesson 3 a
How does fertilization
occur in animals?
When a sperm cell combines
with an egg cell, the resulting
fertilized egg starts growing.
External fertilization occurs
when sperm and egg join
outside of an animal’s body.
Internal fertilization is the
joining of sperm and egg
inside a female’s body.
Lesson 3 b
What happens to a fertilized egg?
In mammals, the embryo is fed by
the mother’s body as it develops.
After fertilization, an embryo
begins to develop inside an egg.
frog eggs
In reptile and bird eggs, the yolk inside
the egg provides the embryo with food.
crocodile egg
chicken egg
Lesson 3 c
Why do most aquatic animals use
external fertilization and most land
animals use internal?
Main Idea
Aquatic animals can release their sex
cells into the water because they will
not dry out there.
Land animals use internal fertilization
to protect the sex cells from drying
out.
Lesson 3 Main Idea Review
The out-of-body joining of egg and sperm is
called ________________________.
A ___________________ is similar to an adult form, but it
is smaller and lacks wings and reproductive structures.
The ___________________ is a non-feeding stage during
which a hard, caselike cocoon surrounds the organism.
During ________________________ the animal goes
through three stages that occur gradually.
external fertilization incomplete
metamorphosis
Vocabulary
nymph pupa
incomplete metamorphosis
Lesson 3 Vocab a Review
In _______________________ the animal goes
through four distinct stages.
A _______________________ in an immature stage
that does not resemble the adult.
_______________________ is the joining of sperm
and egg cells inside a female’s body.
_______________________ is a series of distinct
growth stages that are different from one another.
internal
fertilization
Vocabulary
larva
Internal fertilization
Metamorphosis
metamorphosis
complete metamorphosis
complete
metamorphosis
Lesson 3 Vocab b Review
complete
metamorphosis:
four stages –
egg, larva, pupa,
adult
incomplete
metamorphosis:
three stages –
egg, nymph, adult
Both:
metamorphosi
s
Compare and
Contrast
End of Lesson
How do complete and incomplete
metamorphosis compare?
Lesson 3 GO Review
Lesson 3 Vocab a
metamorphosis (met´ə·môr´fə·sis) A series of
distinct growth stages that are different from one
another. (p. 114)
Lesson 3 Vocab b
Lesson 3 Vocab c
Lesson 3 Vocab d
Lesson 3 Vocab e
Lesson 3 Vocab f
Lesson 3 Vocab g
Lesson 3 Vocab h
heredity
inherited trait
instinct
gene
dominant trait
recessive trait
pedigree
carrier
Lesson 4 Splash
What is heredity?
Heredity is the passing down of
traits from parents to offspring.
Heredity applies to all
organisms and can affect
appearance and behavior.
Lesson 4 a
How are traits inherited?
Inherited traits are passed
from parents to offspring
during reproduction.
Dominant traits (shown on
diagram with uppercase letters)
tend to be expressed more
frequently than recessive traits.
Recessive traits (shown on
diagram with lowercase letters)
are masked, or hidden, by the
more dominant forms.
Generation 1
Parent Generation
PP pp
Generation 2
Pp Pp Pp Pp
pp PP Pp Pp
Lesson 4 b
How do we trace inherited traits?
A pedigree chart can be used to trace
the history of traits in a family.
Parent’s Generation
Mother Father
Children’s Generation
Daughter Daughter Son Son
Dimples
(dominant trait)
No Dimples
(recessive trait)
Lesson 4 c
Why are offspring similar to parents,
but not exactly like either one of them?
Main Idea
Offspring inherit one set of genes
from each parent, so they have a
mixture of traits.
Lesson 4 Main Idea Review
A ______________ contains chemical
instructions for inherited traits.
A ______________ is any individual who
has inherited the gene for a trait, but does
not show that trait physically.
______________ is the passing down of
traits from parents to offspring.
A ______________ is one that dominates,
or masks, another form of that trait.
carrier
Vocabulary
dominant trait gene
Heredity
heredity
Lesson 4 Vocab a Review
A ____________ is a chart used to trace the
history of traits in a family.
An ____________ is a trait that an offspring
receives from its parents.
A ____________ is one that is hidden, or
masked, by another form of the trait.
An ____________ is a way of acting or behaving
that an animal is born with and does not have to
learn.
inherited trait
Vocabulary
instinct pedigree recessive trait
Lesson 4 Vocab b Review
Tongue rolling
is an inherited
trait controlled
by genes.
Tongue rolling
gets easier
with practice.
Fact and
Opinion
End of Lesson
A friend claims that with practice
anyone can roll their tongue. Is
this fact or opinion? Explain.
Lesson 4 GO Review
Lesson 4 Vocab a
Lesson 4 Vocab b
Lesson 4 Vocab c
Lesson 4 Vocab d
Lesson 4 Vocab e
Lesson 4 Vocab f
Lesson 4 Vocab g
Lesson 4 Vocab h